共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
本试验旨在研究丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln)对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜固有层免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)浆细胞数量、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)及黏膜中白细胞介素(IL)含量的影响。试验选用(21±2)日龄断奶、初始体重(6.7±0.9)kg的长白×大白去势仔猪100头,按完全随机区组法分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复5头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂基础饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%Ala-Gln的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%~0.45%Ala-Gln均显著提高仔猪断奶后第7、14、21天十二指肠以及空肠黏膜固有层Ig A浆细胞数量(P0.05),特别是0.30%Ala-Gln组仔猪在断奶第14天空肠Ig A浆细胞数比对照组增加22.6%(P0.05);在回肠中,0.30%Ala-Gln主显著提高断奶后第7、14天仔猪Ig A浆细胞数(P0.05)。2)断奶仔猪空肠黏膜SIg A含量随着Ala-Gln添加量呈二次曲线增长规律。在断奶后第7天,0.30%Ala-Gln组仔猪SIg A含量与对照组相比极显著提高了70.4%(P0.01);在断奶后第14、21天,0.15%、0.30%Ala-Gln与对照组相比显著提高了SIg A含量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%Ala-Gln可显著提高仔猪早期断奶后第7天黏膜IL-2、IL-5含量,分别显著提高断奶后第14天IL-5、IL-2含量(P0.05),其他添加水平无显著影响(P0.05);随着饲粮中Ala-Gln添加量的增加,各组IL-6、IL-10的含量呈线性增长趋势,且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加Ala-Gln可提高肠黏膜固有层Ig A浆细胞数量、黏膜SIg A分泌量及IL含量,提高断奶仔猪肠道黏膜细胞免疫。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平对断奶至3月龄獭兔毛皮品质和肠道屏障的影响。选用体重相近的断奶獭兔180只,随机分为5组,每组36个重复,每个重复1只兔。各组分别饲喂谷氨酰胺添加水平为0(对照)、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和1.2%的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平对生长獭兔毛皮面积、毛皮重量、被毛长度和被毛厚度无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平对生长獭兔十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.9%谷氨酰胺显著升高了空肠中闭合小环蛋白mRNA的表达量(P0.05),显著降低了空肠中丙酮酸激酶mRNA的表达量(P0.05);此外,饲粮中添加0.9%谷氨酰胺显著增加了十二指肠黏膜中分泌性免疫球蛋白A含量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平没有影响到生长獭兔的毛皮品质,但改善了肠道机械屏障和免疫屏障功能。在本试验条件下,断奶至3月龄獭兔饲粮中谷氨酰胺适宜的添加水平为0.9%。 相似文献
3.
《饲料研究》2014,(5)
蛋氨酸是影响獭兔生长的必需氨基酸,开展蛋氨酸对獭兔生长性能及相关指标的影响研究,对提高獭兔生长性能,确定适宜添加量具有重要意义。选取60只45日龄獭兔,分为5组,试验第I组~第V组分别在基础饲粮中添加0、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%和0.60%的蛋氨酸。结果表明:平均日增质量(ADG)第I组~第IV组间差异不显著(P0.05),第V组ADG显著低于第I组(P0.05),极显著低于其他3组(P0.01)。料重比(F/G)第V组显著高于第I组(P0.05),极显著高于其他3组(P0.01),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对血清中总蛋白(TP)影响不显著(P0.05),但对于血清尿素氮(BUN)有显著影响(P0.05),添加0.30%时BUN含量最低。皮张面积各组间差异显著(P0.05)并且随着蛋氨酸添加量的增加有先增加后下降的趋势。但是蛋氨酸的添加对皮张厚度和皮质量的影响并不显著(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中蛋氨酸的含量对獭兔的生长性能、血清生化指标及皮张性质具有一定的影响。獭兔饲粮中蛋氨酸添加量以0.30%适宜。 相似文献
4.
为了研究酵母培养物对獭兔生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及免疫机能的影响。选择192只胎次、日龄、体重等相近的健康獭兔,随机分为4组,每组48个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别添加1.0%、2.0%、3.0%的酵母培养物,各替代二分之一的豆粕与麸皮。预饲期为7 d,正试期为42 d。测定各组生长性能、营养物质表观消化率以及血清免疫指标。结果显示:(1)日粮中添加2.0%的酵母培养物可以显著提高獭兔平均日增重(P0.05),极显著降低料重比(P0.01);日粮中添加3.0%酵母培养物可以显著降低獭兔料重比(P0.05)。(2)日粮中添加酵母培养物2%可以可显著提高粗纤维与干物质的表观消化率(P0.05),极显著提高粗蛋白的表观消化率(P0.01);日粮中添加3.0%酵母培养物可以显著提高钙的表观消化率(P0.05)。(3)日粮中添加酵母培养物2%可以可显著提高血清IgA与IgM的含量(P0.05);日粮中添加3.0%酵母培养物可以显著提高血清中IgA与IgG的含量(P0.05)。结果表明,日粮中添加酵母培养物可以提高断奶獭兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率以及免疫机能,添加量为2.0%时效果最好。 相似文献
5.
《中国饲料》2020,(10)
本研究通过两个试验探讨了日粮添加谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪去势后生长性能、血浆参数及脂多糖诱导的免疫应答的影响。在试验1中,48只断奶仔猪分别饲喂添加基础日粮和含有2%谷氨酰胺的日粮,共进行25d饲养试验。在试验2中,16只断奶仔猪在断奶后第14天注射了大肠杆菌K88+脂多糖。结果表明,在断奶后第25天,谷氨酰胺组体重显著高于对照组(P 0.05),同时谷氨酰胺组较对照组显著提高了15～25d和1～25d断奶仔猪的饲料效率(P 0.05)。与对照组相比,谷氨酰胺组显著提高了空肠和回肠肌层厚度(P 0.05)。在断奶后25d,谷氨酰胺组血浆碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。在LPS刺激前的断奶后第14天,谷氨酰胺组较对照组显著降低了血浆促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇浓度(P 0.05)。当猪接受LPS刺激时,血浆促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇水平显著升高(P 0.05)。LPS刺激后,对照组直肠温度显著高于处理组(P 0.05)。断奶后第14天,LPS刺激前或后谷氨酰胺组血浆IgG浓度均显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。结论 :日粮中添加2%谷氨酰胺能缓解断奶仔猪去势相关的应激状态和炎症反应,提高仔猪免疫和生长、发育。 相似文献
6.
7.
为研究日粮中添加不同水平的黄芪多糖对獭兔免疫力的影响,试验选取50日龄、健康、体重相近的青年獭兔64只,随机分为4个组,每组16只,公母各半,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1~3组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加0. 10%、0. 15%、0. 20%的黄芪多糖,试验獭兔常规饲养管理及免疫,试验期28 d,第7,14,21,28采血清检测兔瘟抗体水平,第28天检测血液免疫细胞数、血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)含量。结果表明:试验1组血液免疫细胞数量除淋巴细胞数略高于对照组外,其他均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0. 05);试验2,3组免疫细胞数量除中性粒细胞外均高于对照组,但差异均不显著(P0. 05)。试验1组除IgM含量与对照组相比稍有下降外,Ig G、Ig A含量均比对照组高,但差异不显著(P0. 05);试验2,3组IgG、IgM、Ig A含量均高于对照组,且IgM、IgA含量与对照组相比差异显著(P0. 05)。与对照组相比,免疫后试验1~3组兔瘟HI抗体效价上升速度快,高峰维持水平高,其中试验2,3组獭兔免疫两周后,效价均超过10. 0,达到高保护状态。说明日粮中添加黄芪多糖可以显著提高獭兔免疫水平,改善獭兔健康状态,适宜添加量为0. 15%~0. 20%。 相似文献
8.
研究甘氨酰谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln)和牛磺酸(Tau)对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜抗氧化功能的影响。以28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪为研究对象,采用随机分组设计法将72头健康、体重相近仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复6头,公母各半,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。4个处理组分别为:基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln组)、基础日粮+0. 1%牛磺酸(Tau组)、基础日粮+0. 25%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺+0. 1%牛磺酸(复配组)。研究甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸对早期断奶仔猪小肠黏膜中抗氧化功能以及胰腺及空肠内容中胰蛋白酶活性的影响。结果显示:Gly-Gln组显著或极显著提高了十二指肠、空肠、回肠黏膜中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,显著提高了空肠黏膜中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性(P0. 05); Tau组显著提高了空肠黏膜中的SOD活性(P0. 05);复配组显著提高了空肠黏膜中的GSH-Px、SOD活性以及回肠黏膜中的SOD活性(P0. 05); Gly-Gln组和Tau组均提高了胰脏中的胰蛋白酶活性(P0. 05),复配组则显著高于对照组(P0. 05)。研究结果表明,饲粮中分别或同时添加甘氨酰谷氨酰胺和牛磺酸可以提高小肠各段黏膜的GSH-Px、SOD活性和GSH含量,同时提高仔猪的抗氧化能力及提高胰脏和空肠内容物中的胰蛋白酶活性。 相似文献
9.
《饲料研究》2016,(6)
试验旨在研究饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶獭兔生长性能和免疫的影响,并确定其适宜添加量。选用144只同批断奶和体质量相近及(35±1)日龄的断奶獭兔,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复12只,公母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组在此基础上分别添加0.25%、0.50%和0.75%的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂(等量的沸石粉被替换),试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组能显著提高断奶獭兔的末质量、平均日增质量、脾指数、肝指数和血清Ig A及Ig G水平(P0.05),显著降低料重比和腹泻率(P0.05)。枯草芽孢杆菌制剂可显著提高断奶獭兔的生产性能和免疫力,且适宜添加剂量为0.5%。 相似文献
10.
《中国养兔杂志》2019,(1)
本试验旨在探讨两种生物发酵饲料(利菌肽I号和利菌肽II号)对断乳獭兔早期生产性能和成活率的影响。选择35日龄的断奶生长獭兔1 128只,公母各半,随机分成3组,每组376只。试验I、II组分别以利菌肽I号和利菌肽II号(替代基础日粮中的等量其他原料)添加到基础日粮中,制成颗粒饲料,以基础日粮为对照组(Ⅲ组)。结果表明,在日粮中添加利菌肽I号和利菌肽II号可以提高獭兔的日增重(P0.05),降低腹泻率(P0.05或P0.01)和死亡率(P0.05),提高饲料利用率。其中成活率和日增重以利菌肽Ⅰ号组为优,而饲料效率以利菌肽Ⅱ号更好。结论:两种生物发酵饲料在断奶兔日粮中应用,均具有较好的生产效果。 相似文献
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献