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1.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(14)
为了研究绞股蓝微粉发酵物对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响,试验选取21日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪70头,随机分为7组,每组10头。Ⅰ组为不用药对照组,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加未发酵绞股蓝微粉0.5%、1.0%、1.5%,Ⅴ~Ⅶ组分别在基础日粮中添加绞股蓝微粉发酵物0.5%、1.0%、1.5%。试验期42 d,在试验期第1,42天时测定各组断奶仔猪的体重;试验期间对各组断奶仔猪每天的采食量、腹泻数量进行记录。结果表明:1.0%绞股蓝微粉发酵物可以显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),有效降低腹泻率。说明绞股蓝微粉发酵物能显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低其腹泻率,总体效果优于未发酵绞股蓝微粉。 相似文献
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为研究日粮中添加不同水平的绞股蓝提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、免疫力及抗氧化功能的影响,试验选取21日龄体重相近的“杜×长×大”仔猪250头,随机分为5个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,其余4组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的绞股蓝提取物。预饲期7 d,正式试验期28 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,1.0%和1.5%绞股蓝提取物组的仔猪试验末重和平均日增重显著提高8.80%、8.16%和17.65%、17.23%（P < 0.05）|绞股蓝提取物组料重比分别显著降低8.12%、13.20%、13.20%、7.61%（P < 0.05）,断奶仔猪的腹泻率分别显著降低23.52%、48.52%、59.96%、44.92%（P < 0.05）。1.0%和1.5%绞股蓝提取物组的仔猪总胆固醇显著降低15.92%和13.49%（P < 0.05）|1.0%、1.5%和2.0%绞股蓝提取物组甘油三酯分别显著降低25.00%、30.36%、28.57%（P < 0.05）|1.0%和1.5%绞股蓝提取物组尿素氮分别显著降低24.91%和25.66%（P < 0.05）|1.0%、1.5%、2.0%绞股蓝提取物组IgA分别显著提高25.66%、23.89%和28.32%（P < 0.05）|1.0%和1.5%绞股蓝提取物组IgG分别显著提高52.69%和53.08%（P < 0.05）|绞股蓝提取物组总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）分别显著提高11.55%、29.35%、25.63%和12.22%（P < 0.05）|1.0%和1.5%绞股蓝提取物组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）分别显著提高32.76%和30.70%（P < 0.05）|1.0%和1.5%绞股蓝提取物组丙二醛（MDA）分别显著降低31.47%和31.20%（P < 0.05）。本试验条件下,断奶仔猪日粮中添加1.0% ~ 1.5%剂量的绞股蓝提取物效果较好。
[关键词] 绞股蓝提取物|生长性能|血液生化|免疫力|抗氧化|断奶仔猪 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2020,(10)
为探讨甘草浸膏粉对断奶仔猪猪瘟疫苗免疫效果的影响及其机理,将20头20日龄断奶仔猪随机分为空白组(A组)、猪瘟疫苗组(B组)、甘草粉组(10 g/kg)(C组)、甘草浸膏粉1组(D组,2.6 g/kg)和2组(E组,1.3 g/kg),每组4只。给药后7,14,21 d,采集仔猪前腔静脉血液离心备用。通过观测仔猪的临床体征、料重比、血液常规指标、血清猪瘟抗体(CSFV-Ab)水平、免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG和IFN-γ含量来评价甘草浸膏粉对断奶仔猪猪瘟疫苗免疫效果的影响及其机理。结果显示,与空白组相比,给药组断奶仔猪料重比降低、精神状态佳、腹泻率降低,血液中红细胞数和血红蛋白含量均显著增加。给药后14,21 d,与空白组相比,猪瘟疫苗组断奶仔猪CSFV-Ab、IgA、IgM、IgG和IFN-γ含量均升高,其中,给药后14 d,CSFV-Ab、IgM、IgG和IFN-γ差异极显著(P0.01),IgA差异不显著(P0.05);给药后21 d,IgA差异极显著(P0.01),CSFV-Ab差异显著(P0.05),IgM、IgG和IFN-γ差异不显著(P0.05)。给药后14,21 d,与猪瘟疫苗组相比,给药组断奶仔猪CSFV-Ab、IgA、IgM、IgG和IFN-γ含量均升高,其中,IgA、IgM、IgG和IFN-γ差异极显著(P0.01),CSFV-Ab差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,甘草浸膏粉能降低断奶仔猪料重比,增加断奶仔猪血液中红细胞和血红蛋白数量,改善其精神状态,提高CSFV-Ab、IgA、IgM、IgG和IFN-γ含量以增强仔猪免疫力。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫的影响。采用单因素试验设计方法,选取21日龄遗传胎次、体重接近的断奶仔猪180头,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4组分别饲喂饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著降低了断奶仔猪血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量(P0.05)。饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠CD4~+淋巴细胞含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪回肠CD8~+和CD20~+淋巴细胞含量,但差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫,缓解断奶应激。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同添加水平的抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和猪瘟疫苗免疫效果的影响。90头断奶仔猪随机分成未添加组、添加Ⅰ组、添加Ⅱ组,分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.05%、0.10%抗菌肽,试验期30 d。结果显示,与未添加组相比,添加Ⅰ组、添加Ⅱ组的断奶仔猪末重、平均日采食量、平均日增重、猪瘟抗体阻断率以及血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)的含量均显著升高（P<0.05）,料重比、腹泻率均显著降低（P<0.05）。与添加Ⅰ组相比,添加Ⅱ组断奶仔猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重、猪瘟抗体阻断率及血清IgG、IL-2的含量均显著升高（P<0.05）,腹泻率显著降低（P<0.05）。研究表明,在日粮中添加抗菌肽可使断奶仔猪的生长性能、腹泻率及猪瘟疫苗免疫效果得到改善,添加剂量为0.10%时改善效果最明显。 相似文献
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绞股蓝微粉发酵物对育肥猪生长性能和粪便微生物菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究绞股蓝微粉发酵物对育肥猪生长性能和粪便微生物菌群的影响,选取70头70日龄"杜×长×大"保育猪,随机分为7组,每组10头,试验期28d。其中,Ⅰ组为不用药对照组,Ⅱ组~Ⅳ组分别为未发酵绞股蓝微粉5、10、15g/kg剂量组,Ⅴ组~Ⅶ组分别为绞股蓝微粉发酵物5、10、15g/kg剂量组。在试验期第1天、第28天时测定各组育肥猪的体重;每天记录各组育肥猪的采食量,腹泻猪头数;在试验期第27天时,采集各组育肥猪的4份粪样,测定其粪便微生物菌群。结果显示,10g/kg绞股蓝微粉发酵物能显著提高育肥猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低其料肉比(P0.05),降低腹泻率(P0.05);10g/kg绞股蓝微粉发酵物可显著提高粪便中的双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量(P0.05),显著降低大肠埃希菌的数量(P0.05)。研究表明,绞股蓝微粉发酵物能显著提高育肥猪的生长性能,显著促进肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的增殖,显著抑制肠道内大肠埃希菌的繁殖,显著优于未发酵绞股蓝微粉。 相似文献
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断奶日龄对五指山仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究断奶日龄对五指山仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取日龄相近(±1 d)、体重[(0.56±0.07)kg]相近的五指山仔猪96头,随机分成4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复6头猪。4组仔猪分别在21、28、35和42日龄断奶。试验从8日龄开始,至56日龄结束,试验期间定期测定体重、采食量和血清生化指标。结果表明:各组仔猪断奶后平均日增重(ADG)出现不同程度的下降,且断奶日龄越早,ADG下降幅度越大;35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组21~28日龄、28~35日龄、35~42日龄、49~56日龄阶段的ADG显著高于21日龄断奶组(P0.05)。各组仔猪断奶后平均日采食量(ADFI)显著增加(P0.05),42日龄以后,各组ADFI无显著差异(P0.05)。21日龄断奶组、28日龄断奶组、35日龄断奶组血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性在断奶后7 d均发生显著变化(P0.05),并以21日龄断奶组波动最大;与35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组相比,21日龄断奶组28、35日龄时血清TP、ALB、IgG、IgM含量显著降低(P0.05),ALT、AST、LDH活性显著提高(P0.05),到56日龄时,血清TP、IgG、IgM含量仍显著低于35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组(P0.05)。21日龄断奶组血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHOL)含量在28~56日龄间存在显著变化(P0.05),35日龄断奶组和42日龄断奶组血清TG、CHOL含量在整个试验期内均无显著变化(P0.05)。35日龄断奶组血清TP、ALB、IgG、IgM含量以及ALT、AST、LDH活性除在42日龄时与42日龄断奶组存在显著差异(P0.05)外,其余时间点与42日龄断奶组均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此得出,35或42日龄断奶的五指山仔猪在生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫机能方面优于21日龄断奶的五指山仔猪。 相似文献
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低聚果糖、芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究在28日龄断奶仔猪日粮中添加芽孢杆菌、低聚果糖制剂对其生长性能及血清IgA、IgG、CD4、CD8、猪瘟抗体水平等指标的影响。选择28日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大)80 头,分4组,每组4个重复,每重复5头猪,进行为期28 d的饲养试验;处理组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+0.1%芽孢杆菌制剂、基础日粮+0.4%低聚果糖和基础日粮+0.1%芽孢杆菌制剂+0.4%低聚果糖制剂。结果表明,低聚果糖、芽孢杆菌制剂均能显著提高断奶仔猪日增重、饲料转化率和降低腹泻率(P<0.05);低聚果糖、芽孢杆菌制剂能显著提高断奶仔猪猪瘟抗体水平、血清IgA、IgG水平(P<0.05),但对CD4、CD8指标影响不大。 相似文献
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为了研究不同剂量发酵中草药对仔猪免疫力的影响,并确定发酵中草药在仔猪养殖中的最适添加剂量,笔者进行了相关试验。选择30日龄、健康的断奶仔猪100头,平均分为5组,每组20头断奶仔猪。各组断奶仔猪分别饲喂含有0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的发酵中草药试验饲料。试验期为5周,包括1周预饲期和4周正式试验期。试验结束后,采集各组仔猪血液,检测血清中免疫指标。结果表明,在断奶仔猪饲料中添加1.0%和1.5%的发酵中草药制剂可以有效提高仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白A和免疫球蛋白G水平（P<0.05）;显著降低了白细胞介素-6水平（P<0.05）。饲料中添加1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的发酵中草药制剂显著提高了仔猪血清中白细胞介素-10的水平（P<0.05）。研究表明,在断奶仔猪养殖中使用适量的发酵中草药制剂可以显著增强其免疫力,且发酵中草药制剂的最适添加水平为1.0%和1.5%。 相似文献
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加味郁金散对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究加味郁金散对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫指标的影响,本试验选取28 d体重相近的三元杂交"杜长大"断奶仔猪36头,共设4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪,其中Ⅰ组为对照组全期饲喂基础日粮+金霉素160 mg/kg,Ⅱ~IV组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%加味郁金散,试验期为21 d,分为前期1~7 d,中期8~14 d,后期15~21 d三个阶段。试验结果显示:生长性能全期1~21 d,Ⅰ、Ⅲ组平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)显著优于Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组ADG、ADFI、F/G、腹泻率优于Ⅰ组但差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ组比Ⅱ、Ⅳ组ADG提升11.85%、10.33%(P0.05),ADFI提高69.53%、62.45%(P0.05),F/G降低4.49%,3.25%(P0.05),腹泻率降低73.30%、69.19%(P0.05)。血清免疫指标8~14 d,加味郁金散Ⅲ组IgA、IgG显著优于抗生素组(P0.05),IgA比Ⅱ、Ⅳ组提升10.09%、17.65%(P0.05),IgG比Ⅳ组提升7.16%(P0.05)。15~21 d,加味郁金散组Ⅲ组IgA、IgG、IgM显著优于抗生素组(P0.05),IgA比Ⅱ、Ⅳ组提升13.91%、11.02%(P0.05),IgG提升8.22%、8.85%(P0.05),IgM比Ⅱ组提升13.15%(P0.05)。综合结果表明,加味郁金散可以提升断奶仔猪生长性,能降低腹泻率,提高断奶仔猪血清免疫指标,其中添加量为0.1%时效果最好。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献