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脉红螺繁殖生物学的研究 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
本文研究了脉红螺繁殖方式,繁殖季节,繁殖力,孵化,幼虫发育及变态和稚,幼螺发育过程,阐明了脉红螺在山东沿海每年只有一个繁殖期。繁殖期内亲螺有多次交尾现象,平均每年雌螺产卵２．１次,产卵袋６５５．９个,每个卵袋平均含有受精卵１１４９粒,个体繁殖力７５．４万粒。 相似文献
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不同温度、底质和饵料对管角螺孵化和稚、幼螺生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过单因子试验,研究了不同温度、底质和饵料对管角螺Hemifusus tuba孵化和稚、幼螺生长的影响.温度试验结果表明,29℃组卵囊平均出稚螺数为15.07 ind ·卵囊-1,显著高于23℃组(13.3 ind ·卵囊-1)和26℃组(12.87 ind ·卵囊-1);29℃组孵化时间为30 d,26℃组为40 d,23℃组为35 d;23℃组最后存活率达到66.7%,29℃组只有36.37%;26℃组初孵稚螺的壳高为6.33±0.34 mm,显著高于23℃和29℃组,但经培养后,23℃和26℃组的幼螺壳高无显著差异,分别为17.59±2.22和16.66±1.80 mm,综合考虑23℃为较适孵化温度.底质试验结果表明,初孵稚螺无底质培养比泥底质培养佳,幼螺沙底质培养比无底质培养佳;饵料试验结果表明,投喂鲜活饵料优于配合饲料. 相似文献
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石磺繁殖生物学的实验研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
用实验室小型试验、贝类育苗场生产性试验和自然群体实地观察的方法，结合养殖池塘内石磺（Onchidium sp.）繁殖习性跟踪观察，2年内研究了沪浙地区石磺的繁殖季节，繁殖方式，繁殖力，受精卵的发育孵化，水温和盐度对胚胎发育的影响，胚胎停止发育现象，幼虫发育及变态前形态变化，对石磺繁殖生物学作了比较系统的实验研究。结果显示石磺雌雄同体，雄性先熟，异体交配，体长5 cm体重10 g以上的个体为繁殖的主要群体，其生物学最小型为体长3.1 cm和体重3.5 g；交配期多在气温22 ℃以上的5月中下旬至9月下旬，6～8月为繁殖盛期。产卵前经过5～10 h的求爱和1～5 h的交配过程，交配后15 d左右产出受精卵，多在大潮日至小潮日期间3～5 d内的晚间产卵；繁殖期具有6个明显的产卵高峰。卵群表面积15～30 cm2，每平方厘米卵群含卵子2 650±300个，每个卵群含卵子4.4～8.0万粒。水里与潮湿环境中卵群孵化率没有明显差异；26～35 ℃的水温下，卵群孵化时间10～14 d，水温23 ℃以下石磺胚胎出现停止发育的现象。适合卵群孵化的海水盐度为6～20，孵化出膜2～3 d后的面盘幼虫开始摄食单胞藻。自由生活面盘幼虫经23 d培育后出现明显的革质膜；变态后的幼体可能存在不断蜕去革质膜的过程，面盘幼虫的变态过程和变态条件仍有待研究。 相似文献
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为探索纵肋织纹螺苗种繁育技术,2016年利用25 kg亲螺进行了纵肋织纹螺人工育苗试验,并对纵肋织纹螺的繁殖习性、生态习性进行了观察。结果显示,纵肋织纹螺为雌雄同体,受精卵产于卵囊内,卵囊黏附于固着物表面。纵肋织纹螺的卵囊呈圆片形状,直径2~4 mm,每个卵囊内有受精卵8~40粒,在水温20~25℃条件下,受精卵约经6~8 d发育成为面盘幼虫。面盘幼虫经18~24 d培育,变态成稚螺。试验共培育出平均壳高4.6 mm的纵肋织纹螺苗种1 060万粒。 相似文献
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泥东风螺(Babylonia lutosa)规模化人工育苗技术和早期发育观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2012年06月—2014年09月期间,收集野生泥东风螺(Babylonia lutosa)5 775粒,经培育成活5 246粒,存活率90.8%。亲螺的繁殖期为6—9月,水温在26℃~30℃时为产卵高峰;卵囊呈梯形、马鞍状、透明,单个卵囊卵粒数量309~472粒,平均381粒。在日常饵料中补充金藻、角毛藻等高不饱和脂肪酸(High unsaturated fatty acid,HUFA)含量较高的单胞藻,可提高存活率。3年来浮游幼体的变态率逐年提高,并培育出壳高3.08~15.91 mm的泥东风螺苗1 733.85×104粒,同时对泥东风螺从受精卵到变态为稚螺的整个发育过程进行显微观察,共分16期。 相似文献
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缅越螺系从国外引进，该螺适应性强，个体大，生长快，产量高，繁殖力强，而且营养价值高，因此适于作为鸭、乌龟、甲鱼、河蟹、虾、黄鳝、水貂等的饵料。 1.繁殖快：该螺的繁殖能力很强，每交配一次，母螺可连续产卵多次，每次间隔 3～ 4天， 1只母螺 1个月可产卵 1000～ 2000粒，如果温度控制得当，保持 15～ 30℃的水温，可持续产卵。每只螺年可产 6000粒卵以上。 2.生长快：幼螺在水温 5～ 30℃时，饲料充足，饲料营养搭配合理，经 45天的饲养，即可达 35～ 50克 /个左右，经 90天的饲养，平均可达 150克左右。 3.食性杂：… 相似文献
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以水族箱中生长的囊螺为材料,通过连续观察的方法,对囊螺的繁殖习性和胚胎发育过程进行了观察.试验结果表明,囊螺为雌雄同体、异体受精的种类,但也可以自体受精.囊螺膜内胚胎发育经受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、担轮幼虫、面盘幼虫和匍匐幼虫等7个阶段,孵化后变成稚螺. 相似文献
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缅越螺系从国外引进，该螺适应性强，个体大，生长快，产量高，繁殖力强，而且营养价值高，因此适于作为鸭、乌龟、甲鱼、河蟹、虾、黄鳝、水貂等的饵料。一、特征1.繁殖快。该螺的繁殖能力很强，每交配一次，母螺可连续产卵多次，每次间隔3～4天，1只母螺1个月可产卵1000～2000粒，如果温度控制得当，保持15℃～30℃的水温，可持续产卵。每只螺年可产6000粒卵以上。2.生长快。幼螺在水温5℃～30℃时，饲料充足，饲料营养搭配合理，经45天的饲料，即可达35～35克／个左右，经90天的饲养，平均可达150克左右。3.食性杂。它是以植物性饲料为主… 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献