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对川西北高原16个县野生老芒麦种质资源进行了考察，考察结果表明：13个县均有野生老芒麦存在，共收集到176份野生老芒麦种质资源，其中严格按居群采样法采集单株156份；川西北高原野生老芒麦分布范围广，生态类型多，表型差异大，具有较丰富的遗传多样性、此外，对川西北高原野生老芒麦种质资源的保护和利用提出了建议。 相似文献
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为揭示野生老芒麦形态变异特征和遗传背景，对我国野生老芒麦主要分布区域不同生态类型的104个居群520份野生老芒麦种质进行了23个形态指标测定和遗传多样性分析。结果表明：不同生境老芒麦材料的形态特征存在显著差异，数量性状变异系数为9.49%～49.56%；聚类分析将104个居群分为具有各自明显特征和开发利用潜力的4类；形态特征与地理环境因子的相关性分析发现，野生老芒麦抽穗早晚及茎秆叶鞘基部小刺等特殊性状与其海拔呈显著相关；主成分分析发现，株高、抽穗、茎节数、单株干鲜重、旗叶长宽等指标代表了老芒麦67.79%形态多样性，是造成老芒麦形态特征变异的主要因素，可作为老芒麦形态分化的重要参考指标。 相似文献
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根据老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)苗期对干旱胁迫的响应,筛选出适宜在半干旱地区生长的老芒麦,为青藏高原半干旱地区的栽培草地建植、草地补播改良和草原生态恢复提供依据.选取青海省互助县、门源县、大通县和刚察县地区不同生境的19份野生老芒麦为研究材料,同时以青牧1号老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus'Q i n g m u N o.1')和川草2号老芒麦(E.sibiricus'C h u a n c a o N o.2')作为参比材料,采用盆栽控水法(土壤相对含水量为田间持水量的45％～50％)模拟典型干旱胁迫环境,定株测定了老芒麦的表型和生理指标,并通过模糊数学隶属函数法对野生老芒麦和栽培种老芒麦苗期耐旱性进行了综合评定.结果表明,随着干旱胁迫天数的增加,老芒麦材料株高、相对生长速率、单叶面积增长减缓,相对存活率、叶绿素含量持续下降,根系干物质积累率、相对电导率值则不断上升.老芒麦株高、叶面积、根系干物质积累等形态的可塑性是苗期老芒麦适应干旱环境的重要方式.供试的21份老芒麦材料中,大通县的15-195老芒麦苗期耐旱性最强,属Ⅰ级强抗. 相似文献
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野生老芒麦苗期耐旱性品种筛选及鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《草业科学》2021,(5)
根据老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)苗期对干旱胁迫的响应,筛选出适宜在半干旱地区生长的老芒麦,为青藏高原半干旱地区的栽培草地建植、草地补播改良和草原生态恢复提供依据。选取青海省互助县、门源县、大通县和刚察县地区不同生境的19份野生老芒麦为研究材料,同时以青牧1号老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus ‘Qingmu No.1’)和川草2号老芒麦(E. sibiricus ‘Chuancao No. 2’)作为参比材料,采用盆栽控水法(土壤相对含水量为田间持水量的45%～50%)模拟典型干旱胁迫环境,定株测定了老芒麦的表型和生理指标,并通过模糊数学隶属函数法对野生老芒麦和栽培种老芒麦苗期耐旱性进行了综合评定。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫天数的增加,老芒麦材料株高、相对生长速率、单叶面积增长减缓,相对存活率、叶绿素含量持续下降,根系干物质积累率、相对电导率值则不断上升。老芒麦株高、叶面积、根系干物质积累等形态的可塑性是苗期老芒麦适应干旱环境的重要方式。供试的21份老芒麦材料中,大通县的15-195老芒麦苗期耐旱性最强,属Ⅰ级强抗。 相似文献
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为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献