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《养猪》2016,(3)
母乳是婴儿最重要的食物来源,对婴儿的健康发育特别是后天免疫的形成有着至关重要的作用,研究乳质量形成的遗传基础已成为当今免疫疾病领域研究的热点之一。研究采用酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)对不同泌乳期(0 d、3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d和28 d)的大约克夏猪和梅山猪母乳中IgA含量进行了测定。结果显示,两猪种不同泌乳阶段母乳中IgA水平的发育模式十分相似,总体趋势均表现为随时间的推移而下降,且在泌乳初期(0~3 d)IgA的水平极显著高于泌乳后期(7~28 d)(P0.01);品种间分析显示,梅山猪母乳中的IgA水平在整个泌乳期均极显著高于大约克夏猪(P0.01)。该研究可为深入研究母乳在仔猪免疫系统发育过程中的基本功能提供基础数据。 相似文献
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为筛选猪的肉质性状的生化遗传标记，以湖南省望城种猪场大白猪群为研究对象，采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测了大约克夏猪群4种血浆蛋白质多态性，并利用通用线性模型分析了血浆蛋白质多态性与肉质性状的关系，给果表明：除Amyl的AB型对失水率性状有显著水平的负效应(P＜0．05)，各蛋白位点不同基因型对5个肉质性状绚效应均没有达到显著水平（P＞0.05)。 相似文献
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为筛选猪的肉质性状的生化遗传标记,以湖南省望城种猪场大白猪群为研究对象,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测了大约克夏猪群4种血浆蛋白质多态性,并利用通用线性模型分析了血浆蛋白质多态性与肉质性状的关系,结果表明:除Amy1的AB型对失水率性状有显著水平的负效应(P<0.05),各蛋白位点不同基因型对5个肉质性状的效应均没有达到显著水平(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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为了分析藏猪促红细胞生成素(EPO)的表达与低氧适应的关系,对高海拔藏猪(ZZ)和大约克夏猪(YZ),低海拔藏猪(ZB)和大约克夏猪(YH)的肾脏组织EPO蛋白的表达量进行了检测分析。结果表明,当大约克夏猪处在高海拔应急状态下时,EPO的表达量高于藏猪;长期生活在高原的大约克夏猪EPO的表达量较藏猪低,但高于低海拔大约克夏猪。说明藏猪适应高原低氧环境的主要因素为EPO的稳定表达,高原大约克夏猪肾脏组织内EPO的高表达,是其对高原低氧环境适应的生理调节过程。 相似文献
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为了研究miRNA表达量与猪胴体及肉质性状的相关性,试验采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术对引进猪种大约克夏猪和6个四川省地方猪种(丫杈猪、内江猪、成华猪、青峪猪、雅南猪和藏猪)背部皮下脂肪中miR-128和miR-133b的差异表达情况进行测定和分析。结果表明:大约克夏猪miR-128相对表达量显著或极显著高于除雅南猪以外的其余地方猪种(P0. 05或P0. 01),地方猪种中雅南猪miR-128相对表达量最高,显著高于丫杈猪(P0. 05);大约克夏猪miR-133b相对表达量最高,显著高于青峪猪(P0. 05),地方猪种间差异不显著(P0. 05)。相关分析结果表明,miR-128、miR-133b与瘦肉率呈显著正相关(P 0. 05),miR-128与单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量分别呈极显著负相关(P0. 01)和极显著正相关(P0. 01)。说明miR-128和miR-133b可能对猪脂肪沉积有抑制作用,miR-128还可能抑制单不饱和脂肪酸的生成,促进多不饱和脂肪酸的生成。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(7):1389-1393
巴马小型猪(Bama,BM)和贵州小型猪(Guizhou,GZ)是我国自行培育的2个重要的小型猪封闭群,但长期以来对其群体遗传结构状况并不十分清楚。本试验应用本实验室筛选的32个微卫星位点组合对这2个小型猪封闭群进行了遗传结构分析。结果显示:BM封闭群的平均观察等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别是5.750 0和2.572 7,GZ封闭群的相应参数为6.187 5和3.783 7;2个猪群的平均杂合度分别是0.542 8(BM)和0.697 8(GZ),多态信息含量分别是0.546 9(BM)和0.729 6(GZ)。结果表明:GZ猪群的遗传变异程度略高于BM猪群,但它们都是比较好的封闭群群体,符合封闭群小型猪的遗传要求。 相似文献
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为检测黑色素受体1(melanocortin receptor 1,MC1R)基因型在不同毛色猪种中的分布,研究该基因在猪毛色决定中的地位和作用,本试验使用PCR-SSCP和PCR-RFLP方法对军牧1号白猪、杜洛克猪、西藏小型猪和大白猪的MC1R基因型进行了检测。结果显示,长白猪、大白猪存在nt894insCC和G1197A突变;杜洛克猪存在G668C、C1318T和G1554A突变;西藏小型猪存在C1318T和G1554A突变,而在nt894insCC位点则表现出其他基因型。通过对4个猪种的MC1R基因型的检测,为研究MC1R基因对毛色的作用机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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猪催乳素受体基因第8内含子多态性及其对产仔性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、马身猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪等6个品种364头个体催乳素受体基因(prolactin,PRLR)第8内含子的多态性,并分析了多态位点对猪头胎产仔性能的影响。结果表明,猪PRLR基因第8内含子存在多态性,共检测到A、B、C 3个等位基因和AA、AB、AC、BB、BC和CC 6种基因型。在杜洛克猪、长白猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪群体中,A等位基因的频率最高,分别为0.8276、0.5439、0.5345和0.7669;而在大白猪和马身猪群体中,B等位基因的频率最高,分别为0.6894和0.7000;仅在大白猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪中检测到C等位基因,且频率较低,在0.0379~0.1385之间。PRLR基因型对母猪头胎产仔数有显著影响(P<0.05),对产活仔数的影响未达显著水平。AC基因型母猪的头胎产仔数和产活仔数显著高于BC基因型个体,而与AA、AB和BB基因型个体差异不显著。含有A等位基因的母猪的产仔性能优于不带有A等位基因的个体,表明A等位基因是有利于母猪产仔性能提高的等位基因,可应用于标记辅助选择来提高母猪的繁殖性能。 相似文献
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Ibáñez-Escriche N Varona L Casellas J Quintanilla R Noguera JL 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(1):80-87
A Bayesian threshold model was fitted to analyze the genetic parameters for farrowing mortality at the piglet level in Large White, Landrace, and Pietrain populations. Field data were collected between 1999 and 2006. They were provided by 3 pig selection nucleus farms of a commercial breeding company registered in the Spanish Pig Data Bank (BDporc). Analyses were performed on 3 data sets of Large White (60,535 piglets born from 4,551 litters), Landrace (57,987 piglets from 5,008 litters), and Pietrain (42,707 piglets from 4,328 litters) populations. In the analysis, farrowing mortality was considered as a binary trait at the piglet level and scored as 1 (alive piglet) or 0 (dead piglet) at farrowing or within the first 12 h of life. Each breed was analyzed separately, and operational models included systematic effects (year-season, sex, litter size, and order of parity), direct and maternal additive genetic effects, and common litter effects. Analyses were performed by Bayesian methods using Gibbs sampling. The posterior means of direct heritability were 0.02, 0.06, and 0.10, and the posterior means of maternal heritability were 0.05, 0.13, and 0.06 for Large White, Landrace, and Pietrain populations, respectively. The posterior means of genetic correlation between the direct and maternal genetic effects for Landrace and Pietrain populations were -0.56 and -0.53, and the highest posterior intervals at 95% did not include zero. In contrast, the posterior mean of the genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects was 0.15 in the Large White population, with the null correlation included in the highest posterior interval at 95%. These results suggest that the genetic model of evaluation for the Landrace and Pietrain populations should include direct and maternal genetic effects, whereas farrowing mortality could be considered as a sow trait in the Large White population. 相似文献
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为探索SLA-DRA基因作为猪抗病育种分子标记的可能性,本研究采用PCR-SSCP和克隆测序方法对大白、长白和杜洛克共216头猪的SLA-DRA基因外显子2进行了多态性研究,分析了该基因与仔猪腹泻的关联性。结果,在SLA-DRA外显子2上检出了3个等位基因和6种基因型;6种基因型(AA、AB、BB、AC、BC和CC)在大白猪和长白猪中都存在,而在杜洛克猪中只检出4种基因型(AA、BB、AB和BC)。杜洛克猪与大白猪和长白猪间基因型分布均差异极显著(P<0.01);3个品种的基因型分布均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。最小二乘法分析表明,品种和性别对仔猪腹泻影响不显著(P>0.05),基因型与仔猪腹泻显著相关(P<0.05);AA和BB基因型个体腹泻评分的最小二乘均值均显著高于AC和CC基因型个体(P<0.05)。本研究表明,SLA-DRA基因不同基因型对仔猪腹泻有着重要的影响,可作为猪抗病育种应用中的一个潜在遗传标记。 相似文献
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猪GPX5,FUT1和PRLR基因的遗传多态性及遗传效应分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了分析谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶5基因(Glutathion Peroxidase 5,GPX5),岩藻糖转移酶1基因(α1-Fucosytransferase,FUT1)和催乳素受体基因(Prolactin receptor,PRLR)在野猪与大白猪杂交的F1代群体中的遗传多态性及遗传效应。采用PCR-RFLP方法检测了GPX5,FUT1和PRLR基因的多态性,分析其对初生重(LiB)和30日龄体重(Li30)的遗传效应。结果表明,除了PRLR基因外,其余2个基因的基因频率与大白猪已有研究结果基本一致;PRLR基因的AA型个体在Li30上比AB和BB型个体可显著增重1.42～1.47 kg(P0.05);GPX5和FUT1基因对这2个性状的效应均不显著。结果提示,野猪血统的引入没有显著改变现有猪群的遗传基础,PRLR基因可在生产中考虑应用。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to estimate direct and indirect selection potential for length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy in Finnish Large White and Landrace swine populations. To study the direct selection potential, the heritabilities of these traits were estimated. The genetic correlations of length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy with prolificacy traits and overall leg conformation were estimated to evaluate whether selection for these traits could indirectly improve measures of sow longevity. In addition, correlations between length of productive life, lifetime prolificacy, ADG, and backfat thickness were estimated. Records were used from Finnish purebred Landrace (n = 26,744) and Large White (n = 24,007) sows born on operations that perform on-farm production tests on all females. Heritabilities were estimated using both a survival analysis procedure and a linear model. Due to computational limitations, correlations were estimated with the linear model only. Estimated length of productive life heritabilities obtained from linear model analyses were less (0.05 to 0.10) than those obtained from survival analyses (0.16 to 0.19). This may be indicative of the superiority of survival analysis compared with linear model analysis methods when evaluating longevity or similar types of data. All the prolificacy traits were genetically correlated with length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy, and the correlations were greater than 0.13. These results indicate that selection for increased number of piglets weaned in the first litter and for short first farrowing interval is beneficial for sow longevity and also for sow's lifetime prolificacy. The genetic correlations between length of productive life and leg conformation score also were favorable (0.32 in Landrace and 0.17 in Large White). The heritability estimates indicate that survival analysis is likely the most appropriate method of evaluating longevity traits in swine. Because of computational problems, simultaneous analysis of linear traits and longevity is not currently possible. More research is needed to develop methods for multiple linear and survival trait analyses. 相似文献
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旨在研究猪多潜能性维持因子5( Dppa5)基因的遗传多态性及其与母猪繁殖性状的遗传效应.通过基因池测序的方法寻找该基因的突变位点,并采用PCR-RFLP进行基因型检测,最后将其与大白猪和北京黑猪的繁殖性状进行关联分析.结果表明:(1)在猪Dppa5基因外显子上存在2个错义突变位点(g.363 T＞C和g.844 G＞T).(2)2个位点在大白猪和北京黑猪上均表现出多态性.(3)2个位点对经产母猪的仔猪初生窝质量的影响显著,对总产仔数和产活仔数的影响不显著.结合已有的研究结果分析,可将该基因作为影响母猪繁殖性状的候选基因之一做进一步研究. 相似文献
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采用PCR-SSCP技术检测马身猪、杜洛克猪、大白猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪等5个猪种421个个体FSHβ基因编码区的多态性,采用单变量动物模型分析了多态位点对母猪产仔性能的影响。结果表明:在FSHβ基因第2外显子第48位上检测到C→T的转换突变为同义突变。在杜洛克群体中,C等位基因的频率为1;在马身猪群体中,T等位基因的频率为1;在山西白猪和山西黑猪中,等位基因C的频率相对较高,分别为0.65和0.89。不同基因型母猪总产仔数和产活仔数的差异不显著(P>0.05),可初步判断该突变位点对猪的产仔性能无显著影响。 相似文献
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Genetic relationship of litter traits between farrowing and weaning in Landrace and Large White pigs
Shinichiro Ogawa Ayane Konta Makoto Kimata Kazuo Ishii Yoshinobu Uemoto Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1510-1516
We estimated genetic parameters in Landrace and Large White pig populations for litter traits at farrowing (total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, total litter weight at birth (LWB), and mean litter weight at birth) and those at weaning (litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at weaning (LWW), mean litter weight at weaning (MWW), and survival rate from farrowing to weaning). We analyzed 65,579 records at farrowing and 6,306 at weaning for Landrace, and 52,557 and 5,360, respectively, for Large White. Single‐trait and two‐trait repeatability animal models were exploited to estimate heritability and genetic correlation respectively. Heritability estimates of LSW were 0.09 for Landrace and 0.08 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with MWW were –0.43 for Landrace and –0.24 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with LWW and LWB ranged from 0.5 to 0.6. The genetic correlation of MWW with LWW was positive, but that with LWB was negligible. The results indicate that utilizing LWW or LWB could improve LSW efficiently, despite the antagonistic genetic correlation between LSW and MWW. 相似文献
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Genomic prediction of growth in pigs based on a model including additive and dominance effects 
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下载免费PDF全文 M.S. Lopes J.W.M. Bastiaansen L. Janss E.F. Knol H. Bovenhuis 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(3):180-186
Independent of whether prediction is based on pedigree or genomic information, the focus of animal breeders has been on additive genetic effects or ‘breeding values’. However, when predicting phenotypes rather than breeding values of an animal, models that account for both additive and dominance effects might be more accurate. Our aim with this study was to compare the accuracy of predicting phenotypes using a model that accounts for only additive effects (MA) and a model that accounts for both additive and dominance effects simultaneously (MAD). Lifetime daily gain (DG) was evaluated in three pig populations (1424 Pietrain, 2023 Landrace, and 2157 Large White). Animals were genotyped using the Illumina SNP60K Beadchip and assigned to either a training data set to estimate the genetic parameters and SNP effects, or to a validation data set to assess the prediction accuracy. Models MA and MAD applied random regression on SNP genotypes and were implemented in the program Bayz. The additive heritability of DG across the three populations and the two models was very similar at approximately 0.26. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by dominance effects ranged from 0.04 (Large White) to 0.11 (Pietrain), indicating that importance of dominance might be breed‐specific. Prediction accuracies were higher when predicting phenotypes using total genetic values (sum of breeding values and dominance deviations) from the MAD model compared to using breeding values from both MA and MAD models. The highest increase in accuracy (from 0.195 to 0.222) was observed in the Pietrain, and the lowest in Large White (from 0.354 to 0.359). Predicting phenotypes using total genetic values instead of breeding values in purebred data improved prediction accuracy and reduced the bias of genomic predictions. Additional benefit of the method is expected when applied to predict crossbred phenotypes, where dominance levels are expected to be higher. 相似文献