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1.
通过PCR扩增122只包虫病(细粒棘球蚴病)阴性和70只包虫病阳性多浪羊的MHC -DRB1第2外显子,产物经SacⅠ、Hin1Ⅰ和HaeⅢ3种限制性内切酶酶切后进行RFLP多态性分析.结果表明,多浪羊MHC-DRB1基因第2外显子在SacⅠ、Hin1Ⅰ和HaeⅢ酶切位点存在丰富的多态性,分别检测出了2、2和6种等位基因,出现了3、3和18种基因型.将包虫病阴性和阳性多浪羊的等位基因频率和基因型频率分别进行比较分析,发现等位基因HaeⅢ a对包虫病感染具有一定的易感性(P＜0.05),SacⅠab和Hin1Ⅰaa 2个基因型对包虫病具有一定的抗性(P＜0.05), HaeⅢbe和HaeⅢef这2个基因型对包虫病具有较强的易感性(P＜0.01).  相似文献   

2.
中国美利奴羊MHC-DQB1基因多态性与包虫病的抗性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用PCR-RFLP方法对103只包虫病(细粒棘球蚴病)阴性和101只阳性中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)羊MHC-DQB1 第2外显子遗传多态性进行了检测.结果表明,中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)羊的MHC-DQB1 基因外显子2在Mrox Ⅰ、Sca Ⅰ、Sacl Ⅰ、Taq Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ和Mva Ⅰ酶切位点存在丰富的多态性,分别检测出2、2、4、3、3、6种等位基因,3、3、7、4、6、16种基因型.克隆测序分析表明,Hae Ⅲ m、Hae Ⅲ n、Mva Ⅰ y和Mva Ⅰz 是由碱基突变而产生的新等位基因.将包虫病阴性和阳性中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)羊的等位基因频率和基因型频率分别进行比较分析,发现Mva Ⅰ D(P＜0.05)、Sacl Ⅰ b、Taq Ⅰ A、Hae Ⅲ N(P＜0.01)为中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)羊包虫病的抗性基因,Taq Ⅰ B、Mva Ⅰ C、Hae Ⅲ M(P＜0.01)是易感性基因.Mva Ⅰ DZ(P＜0.05)、Taq ⅠAA和Hae Ⅲ NN (P＜0.01)是中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)羊包虫病的抗性基因型,而Mva Ⅰ CZ(P＜0.05)、Taq ⅠAB和Hae Ⅲ MN(P＜0.01)是易感性基因型.  相似文献   

3.
应用巢式PCR-RFLP方法,对200只多浪羊的MHC-DRB1外显子2的遗传多态性进行检测,并对基因型频率和等位基因频率进行统计。结果表明:多浪羊的MHC-DRB1基因外显子2在SacII和MvaⅠ的酶切位点存在多态性,分别检测出了2、2种等位基因,出现了3、3种基因型。由于MHC-DRB 1为多碱基突变的基因位点,综合2种限制性内切酶的酶切结果,在多浪羊中共发现6种基因型;平均杂合度和多态信息含量处于中等多态程度,χ2适合性检验结果表明,多浪羊的MHC-DRB 1外显子2在MvaⅠ酶切位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05),但Sac II酶切位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.01)。  相似文献   

4.
洼地绵羊MHC-DRB1基因PCR-RFLP多态性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了探讨洼地绵羊MHC-DRB1基因的多态性,采用套式PCR扩增82只洼地绵羊的MHC-DRB1基因第2外显子,其296 bp扩增产物经Sac Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ限制性内切酶酶切后进行RFLP多态性分析.结果表明,洼地绵羊的MHC-DRB1基因外显子2在Sac Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ的酶切位点存在多态性,测序发现,这些酶切位点分别...  相似文献   

5.
试验以云南半细毛羊和杜泊羊为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP和直接测序的方法分析两个品种的MHC-DRB1基因的遗传多样性及分子系统发育。研究中共检测到云南半细毛羊和杜泊羊MHC-DRB1基因的6个复等位基因。在云南半细毛羊中,SacⅠAA、Hin1ⅠAB和HaeⅢFF为优势基因型;SacⅠA、Hin1ⅠB和HaeⅢF为优势基因。TaqⅠ位点只有AB一种基因型。TaqⅠ限制性酶切位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。在杜泊羊中,HaeⅢAA为优势基因型;HaeⅢA为优势基因。TaqⅠ位点只有AA一种基因型。云南半细毛羊和杜泊羊DRB1基因SacⅠ酶切位点的多态信息含量均为低度多态,HaeⅢ位点为高度多态,其余各位点均为中度多态。  相似文献   

6.
4个绵羊品种MHC-DRB3基因外显子2的多态性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
采用PCR-RFLP方法分析4个绵羊品种（阿勒泰羊、中国美利奴肉用多胎品系、湖羊和陶塞特羊）MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子的多态性，并进行聚类分析以及基因杂合度和多态信息含量的计算。结果表明：在绵羊MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子第122、154、168、220和241 bp碱基处表现出多态性；χ2适合性检验结果表明，4个绵羊群体MHC-DRB3基因的第2外显子的PstⅠ酶切位点达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，TaqⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点多态性均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态；4个绵羊群体基因杂合度和多态信息含量值分别在0.693～0.774和0.662～0.738之间，表明4个绵羊品种具有丰富的遗传多样性；聚类结果表明，中国美利奴肉用多胎羊和湖羊亲缘关系最近，阿勒泰羊和陶塞特羊关系较远，与实际选育过程一致，MHC-DRB3多态性可作为绵羊育种标记进一步研究。  相似文献   

7.
为了对新疆军垦型细毛羊MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子扩增产物进行多态性分析,试验采用PCR-RFLP方法,检测内切酶Pst I 的基因型和等位基因.结果表明:基因型BB和等位基因B是军垦型细毛羊的优势基因型和优势基因;经X2适合性检验,新疆军垦型细毛羊MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子的Pat I酶切位点处于Hardy-W...  相似文献   

8.
采用PCR-RFLP法对海南五指山猪、临高猪及屯昌猪的SLA-DQB基因外显子2的PCR产物进行多态性分析。结果表明:五指山猪和临高猪SLA-DQB基因外显子2经限制酶RsaⅠ酶切后出现7种基因型,均由4个复等位基因A、B、C、D控制。屯昌猪中仅出现4种基因型,由3个复等位基因A、C、D控制。经HaeⅢ酶切结果出现8种基因型,这8种基因型在五指山猪群体中均存在,由E、F、G、H4个复等位基因控制;临高猪、屯昌猪经HaeⅢ酶切分别出现6种和5种基因型,均由3个复等位基因E、F、G控制。χ2适合性检验结果表明,五指山猪的RsaⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点突变未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡。临高猪SLA-DQB基因外显子2RsaⅠ酶切位点不符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,而HaeⅢ酶切位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,屯昌猪SLA-DQB基因外显子2的2个酶切位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。  相似文献   

9.
小尾寒羊MHC-DRB3基因外显子2的多态性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
采用PCR-RFLP方法对小尾寒羊MHC-DRB 3基因第二外显子285 bp的扩增产物进行多态性分析,结果共检测到内切酶P stⅠ的3种基因型,由2个等位基因控制,通过酶切图谱分析结果表明:小尾寒羊的MHC-DRB 3基因第二外显子的第241位的碱基表现出多态性,等位基因B的基因频率为0.81879。x2适合性检验结果表明:小尾寒的MHC-DRB 3基因的第2外显子的P stⅠ酶切位点达到了H ardy-W e inberg平衡状态。  相似文献   

10.
实验通过PCR-SSCP技术,对中国美利奴羊(新疆型)KRT27基因的多态性进行了检测,并对不同基因型与中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羊毛细度性状间的关联性进行了分析。结果表明:外显子5的一段长度为122 bp的扩增产物经SSCP分析后出现了两种基因型AA和AB,存在两种等位基因A和B;AA基因型和AB基因型在中国美利奴羊(新疆型)中的频率分布分别为0.86和0.14,等位基因A、B的基因频率分别为0.93和0.07,表明A等位基因为优势等位基因;所研究群体在该位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。不同基因型的个体间羊毛细度性状没有显著差异(P0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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