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<正>禽类养殖业是全球畜牧业的重要组成部分,为人类提供了大量的高质量肉类和蛋类产品。然而,随着禽类养殖规模的扩大和饲养密度的增加,禽病的发生频率也随之增加。为了预防和控制禽病,抗生素在养殖业中得到了广泛应用。然而,长时间大量使用抗生素,导致了禽病病原菌对多种抗生素产生耐药性,这不仅影响了禽类生产效益,还对人类健康带来潜在风险。因此, 相似文献
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常见病原菌耐药性的传播，使许多常规抗生素在治疗相关性疾病时失效，常引发人们过量用药的错误治疗行为，加重了病原菌耐药性的传播，对人们的健康构成了严重的威胁，为了提高对常见病原菌耐药机制的了解，本文将常见病原菌耐药机制分类，为临床上更好地发挥抗生素的疗效提供依据。 相似文献
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为了解猪肠道正常菌群的耐药性及其临床意义,从健康猪新鲜粪便中,分别采用麦康凯琼脂、MRS增菌液与HYA琼脂、MRS增菌液与TYP琼脂分离大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌,并挑取单个菌落进行形态染色观察、生化鉴定及药敏试验。结果发现,大肠杆菌对克林霉素和红霉素有较强耐药性,乳酸杆菌对诺氟沙星有较强耐药性,而双歧杆菌对诺氟沙星、氯霉素有较强耐药性,提示正常菌群的耐药性可能是影响肠道病原菌感染及其治疗效果的不可忽视因素。 相似文献
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对8个养猪场的55份肠道样本进行病原菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,分离到的病原菌主要为沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌,此外个别样本中可见嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和产碱菌属;该分离病原菌对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、青霉素、氨苄西林和头孢噻吩的耐药性较高,对阿米卡星、氟苯尼考和庆大霉素的耐药性较低。 相似文献
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为了探明兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌区系分布及抗生素耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。笔者对从兰州地区3个规模化奶牛场采集的47份奶牛子宫内膜炎样品进行了细菌分离鉴定,同时对分离鉴定出的4种主要病原菌采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）进行了抗生素耐药性检测。病原菌区系分布结果表明,引起兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌主要为化脓隐秘杆菌（37.1%）、大肠杆菌（24.2%）、屎肠球菌（22.6%）和无乳链球菌（16.1%）。抗生素耐药性结果表明,4种主要病原菌对大部分抗生素均产生了不同程度的耐药性,尤其是对青霉素、复方新诺明、奥复星和杆菌肽耐药性最为严重,其耐药率为60%～100%。对4种病原菌均较敏感的药物主要有头孢他啶、先锋霉素V和氟苯尼考,其敏感度达100%。 相似文献
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为了解家庭农场供货模式下"养殖-销售"活禽产业链中各环节大肠杆菌耐药性及耐药基因流行情况,本研究共采集132份来自自贡市沿滩区某一农贸市场及其活禽供货的33家家庭农场的样品,通过细菌分离纯化、形态学鉴定、特异性引物PCR检测、系统发育群PCR检测、药敏试验及耐药基因鉴定等方法对细菌特性进行分析。研究结果显示,83株分离株在伊红美蓝培养基上形成带有金属光泽的黑色菌落,镜检显示为革兰阴性短杆菌,且特异性引物检测结果均显示阳性,因此,确定83株分离株均为大肠杆菌。系统发育群鉴定结果发现,83株分离株系统发育群集中于A群（53.02%）及B1群（20.48%）;药敏试验结果显示,83株菌株均为多重耐药菌,其中硫酸黏杆菌素、四环素耐药率最高,均为100%,氨苄西林、头孢呋辛、氨曲南、氟苯尼考耐药率均超过90%;耐药基因结果显示,mcr-1、mcr-3、blaTEM、blaSHV、blaCTX-M-group 1、blaCTX-M-group 9、qnrS、aac（6'）-Ⅰb-cr、tetA和tetB等耐药基因均有检出,检出率均低于对应抗菌药的耐药率,符合预期结果。此外,统计结果显示,家庭农场细菌耐药率和耐药基因携带率低于农贸市场。本研究结果表明,农贸市场成为活禽产业链中耐药菌及耐药基因的集散地,可为指导禽大肠杆菌临床检测、诊断及合理用药提供试验依据,同时为评估活禽产业链耐药性传播风险提供可靠数据。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(3):408-426
Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen which can readily pass from animal to man through the consumption of contaminated food. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica associated with poultry and poultry meat products has been well-documented and this prevalence has both public health and economic implications. The estimated total cost for nontyphoidal Salmonella is in excess of 14 billion dollars/year in the United States alone. Almost 41,930 cases of nontyphoidal foodborne salmonellosis are confirmed annually with an estimated total number of 1 million cases of foodborne salmonellosis not reported. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella recovered from meat products has heightened concerns regarding antimicrobial use in food animal production. This review will cover the history and taxonmy of Salmonella enterica, Salmonella in poultry and poultry products, colonization factors, transmission, detection and characterization, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, mechanisms of resistance in Salmonella by class, transmission of antimicrobial resistance, and the global implications of antimicrobial resistance. 相似文献
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旨在调查和分析广东省养禽场肠球菌的亚型屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌耐药性及其毒力因子流行分布特征,为控制禽源肠球菌耐药性传播、保障公共卫生安全提供理论依据。作者于2018年从广东省4个养禽场采集肠道样品493份,进行屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的分离鉴定;采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;PCR方法检测肠球菌的耐药基因和毒力基因。结果显示：1）共分离到125株肠球菌,其中粪肠球菌84株（鸡源66株,鸭源18株）;屎肠球菌41株,均来自鸡肠道样本。2）菌株对四环素、多西环素、红霉素几乎全部耐药,对氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率高达89.60%和74.40%。屎肠球菌耐药率普遍高于粪肠球菌,而粪肠球菌对环丙沙星和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于屎肠球菌;鸭源粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率（94%）显著高于鸡源粪肠球菌（39.4%）,屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺均敏感。从鸡分离的1株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。3）耐药基因在屎肠球菌中的检出率高于粪肠球菌,鸭源分离株检出率高于鸡源。耐药基因tetL、fexA、ermB最为流行,检出率均高于90%。其次是optrA基因,检出率为73.60%,poxtA和fexB的检出率均低于20%。在3株鸭源粪肠球菌中检测出cfr基因。4）已检测的毒力基因中efaA的携带率最高,为63.04%（58/92）,其他依次为gelE（54.35%,50/92）、ace（47.83%,44/92）、asa1（44.57%,41/92）。对环丙沙星及高浓度氨基糖苷类耐药的菌株及携带cfr基因的菌株,大多携带agg、asal、gelE或ace。本研究显示养殖场禽源肠球菌耐药严重,鸭源肠球菌对利奈唑胺耐药率高,耐药基因和毒力基因流行且多样,且检测出人医临床重要抗生素耐药基因,应加强对养禽场肠球菌耐药性监测。 相似文献
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本研究采集某鸡场疑似感染鸡白痢的病死鸡组织,进行了沙门菌的分离、鉴定,以及对10种常见抗生素的药物敏感性试验。结果显示:分离株均为鸡白痢沙门菌,对阿米卡星(0%)、庆大霉素(0%)、头孢噻肟(3.70%)的耐药率较低,对链霉素(88.89%)、四环素(62.96%)、阿莫西林(51.85%)的耐药率较高;分离株至少可对1种药物产生耐药性,最多可对5种药物产生耐药性,70.37%的菌株可耐3种以上药物,其中耐3种药物的菌株数量最多(48.15%)。该研究结果不仅为临床合理用药提供指导,也为该地区鸡白痢的耐药性监测提供依据。 相似文献
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抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽,是生物先天性免疫的重要组成成份,具有广谱抗菌作用并且不易产生耐药性。抗菌肽作为饲料添加剂有促生长、防病以及可提高机体免疫力的作用;作为兽药可治疗各类细菌性、病毒性疾病以及各类寄生虫疾病;抗菌肽在畜禽养殖上的功能正在逐渐被开发,有望被开发成为抗生素替代品而广泛应用于畜禽养殖业。本文就家畜来源的抗菌肽从结构、用途和作用机制以及在畜牧兽医领域中的应用进行系统的分析与讨论。 相似文献
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Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Antimicrobial Susceptibility from Poultry and Swine Farms in Central Vietnam 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. A. Lettini T. Vo Than E. Marafin A. Longo K. Antonello P. Zavagnin L. Barco M. Mancin V. Cibin M. Morini M. Dang Thi Sao T. Nguyen Thi H. Pham Trung L. Le T. Nguyen Duc A. Ricci 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(7):569-576
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibilities on poultry and swine farms, sampled in 2 regions in Central Vietnam. A total of 67 poultry farms and 46 swine farms were sampled in a period of 5 months (from September 2012 to January 2013). Salmonella spp. was prevalent in 46.3% and 71.7% of poultry and swine farms, respectively. Altogether, 99 non‐typhoidal Salmonella were isolated and the most common serovars were Salmonella Weltevreden (19%), followed by Salmonella Typhimurium (12%) and Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:‐ (11%). Overall, 71 of 99 (72%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. Both in poultry and swine farms, high levels of resistance were observed for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline. The presence of Salmonella isolates from poultry and swine farms which were resistant to different classes of antimicrobials suggests that alternative control measures to antimicrobials should be implemented. Moreover, an effective policy should be promoted to encourage a prudent use of these agents in animal farming in Vietnam. 相似文献
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为调查山东省禽源致病性大肠杆菌流行的血清型及耐药性,从山东部分地区的45家养禽场分离到致病性大肠杆菌96株,应用微量平板凝集试验进行了血清型鉴定,共鉴定出18种血清型,其中优势血清型6种,分别为O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O88,占定型致病性菌株的64％。抗菌药物敏感性试验发现,96株大肠杆菌对20种药物有不同程度的耐药性。75％以上的菌株对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、土霉素等5种抗菌药耐药,50％以上的菌株对卡那霉素、多西环素、环丙沙星等7种抗菌药表现为耐药;所有分离株存在多重耐药现象,75％的受检菌对9种或9种以上的被测药物耐药。结果表明,O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O886种血清型是山东省部分地区近年来禽源致病性大肠杆菌的优势血清型,且禽源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药现象严重,有必要加强耐药性检测,以指导兽医临床合理使用抗菌药物。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(2):302-304
Escherichia coli is a major pathogen of worldwide importance in commercially produced poultry, contributing significantly to economic losses in chickens and turkeys. One hundred thirty-five cases in broilers were examined and cultured for isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity evaluation of E. coli between January 2005 and December 2006. In 103 cases (76.3%) E. coli were isolated and in 32 cases (23.7%) no E. coli growth was observed. Multiple resistances were seen in all isolates. All isolates were uniformly resistant to Tiamuline, Tylosin, and Bacitracin. We observed low levels of resistance to Gentamicin (12%), Kanamycin (0%), and Florfenicol (39%). Percentages of resistance to Tiamuline, Bacitracin, Tylosin, Colistin, and Erythromycin (≥99%); Tetracycline (96%); Oxytetracycline (93%); Flomequine (87%); Neomycine (87%); Lincospectin (79%); Difloxacin (78%); Enrofloxacin (76%); Cotrimoxazole (72%); Chloramphenicol (52%); and Ampicillin (49%) were determined. Our data show high levels of multiresistance among Iranian E. coli isolates. It seems that the pattern of antibiotic resistance of bacteria that are clinically important for the poultry industry should be monitored. 相似文献
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旨在调查2019年湖南省部分地区不同来源的大肠杆菌对抗生素的耐药水平,为养殖合理用药提供参考。从4个市畜禽养殖场采集猪、鸡和鸭粪便285份,使用麦康凯琼脂培养基和伊红美蓝培养基对大肠杆菌筛选,利用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱进行鉴定,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测16种抗生素对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。共分离出203株大肠杆菌(鸡源146株、鸭源20株和猪源37株),对四环素和氨苄西林耐药率最高,分别达到89.2%和84.7%;对头孢他啶、奥格门丁、黏菌素耐药率较低,分别为2.5%、2.0%和0.5%;所有菌株均对美罗培南敏感。抗3种及以上抗生素的菌株数目占比为87.7%,而仅5.42%的菌株对所有检测的抗生素敏感。另外,来源于减抗示范养殖场的大肠杆菌对大部分抗生素的耐药率,与来源于非减抗养殖场大肠杆菌相比未见显著差异。上述结果表明,湖南省动物源大肠杆菌的耐药水平仍处在较高水平,重视兽药使用管理并持续开展对大肠杆菌的耐药性监测十分必要。 相似文献
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Parisi A Lanzilotta SG Addante N Normanno G Di Modugno G Dambrosio A Montagna CO 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(1):113-123
Eleven cattle farms, 8 layer farms, 7 broiler farms and 30 broiler meat samples were investigated in south-eastern Italy throughout
2003 to evaluate the prevalence, the molecular type and antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacters. A total of
398 samples were analysed. One Campylobacter isolate for each positive faecal swab and three isolates per positive broiler meat sample were selected for further analysis.
Multiplex PCR was performed for species-level identification and PCR-RFLP of the flagellin A gene for genotyping. Resistance
to 14 antimicrobials was studied in 188 Campylobacter isolates. Prevalence of campylobacters was high both on farms (100%) and in food samples (73%). On 4/11 cattle farms and
on 10/15 poultry farms more than one species was isolated. The presence of more than one genotype was found on 8/11 cattle
farms, on 10/15 poultry farms and in 8/22 Campylobacter-positive food samples. High rates of resistance to quinolone were observed: 9/31 (29%) C. jejuni bovine isolates, 4/22 (18%) C. jejuni poultry isolates, and 14/26 (54%) C. coli poultry isolates. Resistance to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim was also observed frequently: 18/26 (69%) of the avian C. coli strains, 25/31 (80%) of the C. jejuni strains isolated from poultry and 15/22 (68%) of those isolated from cattle were resistant. There was a significant difference
between the rate of resistance to macrolides of C. coli and C. jejuni isolated in poultry, which amounted to 23% and 3%, respectively. This study provided data on the prevalence and antimicrobial
resistance of thermophilic campylobacters in south-eastern Italy and confirmed that flaA-typing is an efficient tool to study the epidemiology of Campylobacter strains in short-term investigations. 相似文献