共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 297 毫秒
1.
兽用抗菌药耐药性已经成为一个全球普遍关注的公共健康问题,各国际组织都积极采取相应的措施控制耐药性的产生和蔓延。介绍了国际组织世界动物卫生组织OIE制定的五个国际标准,包括协调抗菌药耐药性监督和检测程序指南、畜牧业抗菌药消耗量监测指南、兽用抗菌药慎用指南、抗菌药敏感性检测的实验室方法指南、动物源抗菌药耐药性对公共健康潜在影响的风险分析方法指南,以期为我国政策制定者和决策者参照国际标准制定出符合我国国情的耐药性相关指南。 相似文献
2.
3.
全面论述了耐药性危害,分析了耐药性产生原因和现状,从宏观管理和临床控制两方面指出应对措施,并结合国外耐药性监测情况提出开发全新抗菌药和改造已产生耐药性的抗菌药、开发不使用抗菌药物治疗感染的治疗策略以及建立耐药性监察系统的发展趋势. 相似文献
4.
介绍了2011年国际食品法典委员会(CAC)制定的《食源性抗菌药耐药性风险分析指南》主要内容,为非人用抗菌药相关的食源性抗菌药耐药性应用及我国制定抗菌新兽药的安全评价原则、风险评估方案和管理政策提供参考. 相似文献
5.
细菌耐药性在环境中的传递及其应对措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前,抗菌药的滥用情况不容乐观,因而细菌对抗菌药的耐药性越来越普遍,超级细菌的报道也屡见不鲜。细菌耐药性的产生速度已经超过了新型抗菌药研发并投入临床使用的速度。细菌耐药性在环境中的传递是细菌耐药性广泛存在的一个重要原因。论文以细菌耐药性的传递为讨论对象,从细菌耐药性在环境中的传递方式和畜牧行业对细菌耐药性在环境中传递的影响两个方面,分析了细菌耐药性的传递特性及其对人类和动物健康的威胁,并对目前应对细菌耐药性的一些方法进行了阐述,同时对未来抗菌药耐药基因去除的研究方向进行了展望,以期能对细菌耐药性的控制提供一定的参考。 相似文献
6.
7.
介绍日本兽用抗菌药耐药性监控系统并分析日本食品动物源细菌耐药现状和抗菌药使用情况,以期为我国动物源细菌耐药性监控管理提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
8.
细菌耐药性的产生机理及其控制对策 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
随着抗菌药的广泛应用,细菌的耐药性越来越高,给临床治疗带来诸多困难,因此了解细菌耐药性的产生机理具有重要意义。抗菌药主要以细菌4个必要的细胞内途径为靶位,包括细胞壁的合成、蛋白质的合成、核酸(DNA或RNA)的合成以及细菌的代谢过程。细菌耐药性产生包括生化机理和基因机理,重要的生化机理包括抗菌药破坏酶的产生、靶位的改变和主动外排系统的出现。细菌耐药性的基因机理主要包括基因的突变和外源抗性基因的获得。近年来,喹诺酮类药物耐药性机理成为了研究的热点,并且已经证明由质粒pMG252介导的耐药性具有重要的意义。 相似文献
9.
抗菌药在预防、控制、治疗疾病及促进动物生长等方面促进了全球畜牧业的发展。但随着抗菌药的广泛应用、畜产贸易的全球化，细菌耐药性在国际间开始传播，细菌耐药性问题成为公众关注的焦点。 相似文献
10.
自抗菌药产业化以来,细菌耐药性问题就无处不在并造成严重的不良后果,研究发现只有多学科参与,采取综合措施才能应对此类问题。欧盟和国际社会提出了应对耐药性动议,多个耐药性监测项目发现全球对耐药性的关切不断增强。此外,新型抗生素及其替代品的研究进展缓慢,耐药性正严重威胁着人类健康。北欧因谨慎使用抗菌药及其综合防控措施行之有效,因而耐药性问题比较小。总的来说,多学科参与,采取综合性措施应对耐药性问题的效果相当乐观。 相似文献
11.
Eltayb A Barakat S Marrone G Shaddad S Stålsby Lundborg C 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(5):330-338
Antibiotic resistance is a major emerging global public health threat. Farmers in the Khartoum state are believed to misuse antibiotics in animal farming leading to daily exposure to resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues. Hence, farmers are at potential risk exposure to bacteria, zoonotic infection and toxicity. We hypothesized that farmers' misuse of antibiotics could be due to their ignorance of the importance of optimal use of antibiotics, the potential health hazards and the economical waste associated with antibiotic misuse practices. In the present study, we investigated knowledge and practices among farmers regarding antibiotic use and resistance. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state where data were collected from 81 farmers using structured interviews. Data were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Fifty-two per cent of farmers were uneducated or had studied for < 6 years. The majority reported antibiotic use for treatment and prevention while only 5% stated use for growth promotion. Antibiotic group treatment for both sick and healthy animals was commonly practiced among most farmers. The most commonly used group of antibiotics was the quinolones, which was reported by one-third. Only 30% of the farmers had heard of antibiotic resistance and provided their definition. Almost half were not aware of the commonly transferred zoonotic infections between humans and animals. The farmers consume 1-2 meals/day from their own farm products. A significant association between low education, poor knowledge of farmers on antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance and zoonotic infections was found. This association may play a vital role in the present practiced misuse of antibiotics. Our findings on farmers' practices could be used as baseline information in defining the gaps related to antibiotic use and resistance in animal farming in Sudan. It can thus serve as a foundation for future interventions. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
On a farm with therapeutic problems and unsatisfactory management conditions, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and transferable antibiotic resistance has been studied in E. coli isolated from calves which were 5 and 30 days old. Strains with resistance to up to seven antibiotics as well as transferable resistance against up to five antibiotics were recorded. On an average, 4.2 strains with different patterns and 4.0 different strains with transferable resistance were isolated from each calf. The corresponding figures previously found for healthy control calves were 1.6 and 1.1 strains, respectively. Resistance and transferable resistance were most common against sulphonamide and penicillin. 相似文献
17.
Casagrande Proietti P Bietta A Coletti M Marenzoni ML Scorza AV Passamonti F 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,157(3-4):376-382
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most frequent staphylococcal species isolated from canine pyoderma. The control of S. pseudintermedius infection is often difficult due to the expanded antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal pathogens is often associated to mobile genetic elements such as the insertion sequence IS256 that was first described as a part of the transposon Tn4001, which confers aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and in Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this study a collection of 70 S. pseudintermedius isolates from canine pyoderma was used to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antibiotics and the presence of IS256, not revealed in S. pseudintermedius yet. Antibiotic resistance profiling demonstrated that all S. pseudintermedius isolates had a multi-drug resistance phenotype, exhibiting simultaneous resistance to at least five antibiotics; indeed methicillin resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates were simultaneously resistant to at least nine antibiotics and all were also gentamicin resistant. PCR analyses revealed the presence of IS256 in 43/70 S. pseudintemedius isolates. The association between the presence of IS256 and the resistance was particularly significant for certain antibiotics: cefovecin, amikacin, gentamicin and oxacillin (χ(2)p-value<0.05). However, there was a striking result in frequency of strains resistant to gentamicin and oxacillin, suggesting a specific association between the presence of the IS256 element and the determinants for the resistance to these antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the detection of IS256 in S. pseudintermedius isolates and its association with antibiotic resistance. Our findings suggest that S. pseudintermedius may acquire antibiotic resistance genes through mobile genetic elements which may play a predominant role in the dissemination of multi-drug resistance. 相似文献
18.
建立人离体肠道模拟模型，研究微量环丙沙星对人源肠道大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌敏感性的影响，进而用聚合酶链反应法扩增耐药菌的gyrA基因的耐药决定区，并分析其耐药机制。结果显示，大肠杆菌连续培养后存活菌株对微量环丙沙星耐药，此耐药菌对其他抗菌药敏感；粪肠球菌绎连续培养，对环丙沙星和其他抗菌药物仍敏感；耐药大肠杆菌的gyrA基因发生突变，248位碱基由C变为T，259位由G变为T，相应地，该基因编码的蛋白质在83位的丝氨酸和87位的天冬氨酸分别改变为亮氨酸和酪氨酸。研究表明，微量环丙沙星对人肠道菌群具有不同的选择作用，能诱导大肠杆菌产生耐药性。这为动物源食品中环丙沙星残留的安全性评价提供了试验依据。 相似文献
19.
Lynn M. Pezzanite Dean A. Hendrickson Steven Dow Jason Stoneback Lyndah Chow Danielle Krause Laurie Goodrich 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(1):24-38
Antibiotics have been injected intra-articularly by equine veterinarians for decades, either prophylactically when other drugs are administered for osteoarthritis or therapeutically to treat septic arthritis. This route of administration has also more recently gained attention in human orthopaedic clinical practice, particularly as an alternative to systemic antibiotic administration to treat infections following prosthetic arthroplasty. While the rationale for injecting antibiotics intra-articularly has been largely focused on achieving high local drug concentrations, there has been relatively little focus on pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics administered by this route, or on the potential for local toxicity. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in veterinary and human medicine prompts reconsideration of off-label antibiotic usage and evaluation of evidence-based dosing strategies. The purpose of this review was to summarise the current literature describing intra-articular antibiotic usage, including specific studies where pharmacokinetics, potential safety and toxicity have been evaluated. This review will advance practitioners’ understanding of the use of intra-articularly administered antibiotics, including the overall pros and cons of the approach. 相似文献
20.
随着现代社会的发展,集约化养殖成为主流趋势,抗生素的缺失往往会给养殖者带来巨大损失。但是,长期以来,抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药性和药物残留问题日益严峻。随着我国2020年饲料添加剂类的抗生素的禁用,寻找高速、有效的抗生素替代品成为养殖业急需解决的重要问题。近年来,涌现出的各种饲料添加剂,如酸化剂、微生态制剂、酶制剂、植物提取物、抗菌肽等均表现出良好的杀菌、抑菌、促进动物生长、提高免疫力的效果,为抗生素替代提供了解决思路。文章对近年来一些抗生素替代品在生猪养殖方面的研究应用情况进行了综述,为替抗用饲料添加剂使用提供参考。 相似文献