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基于光学相机的植物表型测量系统与时序生长模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高形态表型检测速率,满足形态表型测量的标准化需求,以拟南芥为例,提出一种测量植物三维形态特征的方法,并建立植物时序生长方程和可视化模型,构建了一套经济实用、面向拟南芥生长过程的形态表型测量机器视觉系统。通过光学相机采集拟南芥植株的二维图像序列,利用运动中恢复结构算法生成三维点云;设计一种彩色标板,基于彩色标板的坐标系标准化方法,提取拟南芥植株的点云并标准化坐标系。与传统人工接触式测量值相比,该系统交互测量的拟南芥叶片宽度、长度、主茎长度、叶片面积、叶片间夹角的平均相对误差分别为9. 83%、10. 10%、1. 07%、4. 09%和4. 37%。利用该系统采集哥伦比亚野生型拟南芥生命周期内的形态表型信息,拟合其数学生长模型,并使用L-studio软件,将时序生长模型可视化表达。结果表明,植物固定、传感器移动的平台结构解决了传统传感器固定、植物移动方式导致的植物抖动从而影响三维重建效果的问题,可快速、准确、可靠地提取植物表型信息。基于彩色标板的点云坐标系标准化方法在每个单位时间都能够对拟南芥植物对象进行参数提取,与传统的人工接触式测量方法相比,效率高、速度快,可满足拟南芥的形态表型分析需要。 相似文献
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快速反映植物水分状况的叶片紧张度模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物的水分状况会影响其光合作用等生理作用,叶片紧张度可以反映植物的水分状况。植物叶片组织水势及生理电容与细胞液浓度有偶联关系,植物叶片生理电容与叶片有效厚度、极板接触的叶片有效面积有关,定义叶片紧张度为极板接触的叶片有效面积与叶片有效厚度的比值,依据这种偶联关系推导出叶片紧张度与组织水势、生理电容的关系模型。以野外自然生长的构树、桑树叶片为实验材料,测定不同时刻叶片的生理电容和组织水势,利用这种关系模型计算出两种植物各测定时刻的叶片紧张度。结果显示,不同植物不同时刻的叶片紧张度是不同的;构树叶片紧张度、生理电容、组织水势日变化与光合指标日变化的相关系数分别为0.933、0.926、0.631,桑树叶片紧张度、生理电容、组织水势日变化与光合指标日变化的相关系数分别为0.843、0.820、0.217,由此可以看出叶片紧张度比生理电容、组织水势能更好地反映植物水分状况的变化情况。 相似文献
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为实现植物叶片含水率的无损和准确检测,利用圆形平行板电容传感器检测植物叶片电容,利用直径为12.7 mm的圆形FSR402型压力传感器测量平行极板对植物叶片的压力,以MSP430型单片机为微控制器,设计了一种基于植物叶片电容检测其含水率的仪器。以玉米叶片为对象,研究了玉米叶片含水率和极板对叶片的压力对电容的影响规律,选取了极板对玉米叶片的最佳压力,建立了最佳压力下玉米叶片的电容与含水率之间的关系模型,并对模型的可靠性进行了检验。结果表明,玉米叶片的电容随含水率和极板对叶片压力的增大而增大,检测玉米叶片电容的最佳压力为4 N。玉米叶片湿基含水率为55%~80%时,所设计检测仪的含水率绝对测量误差为-1.2%~1.7%;在晶振频率为8 MHz下检测含水率的响应时间小于3 s。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献