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不同省区鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性调查与系统进化群分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为有效控制鸡大肠杆菌病,对不同省区鸡源大肠杆菌致病菌株的分布情况及耐药特征进行了调查分析,分别采用PCR法和MIC法进行了系统进化群分群检测和药敏试验,采用皮下注射进行了动物致病性试验,并采用SPSS17．0软件进行差异显著性分析。结果显示：低致病群B1（38．13％）和非致病群A（34．02％）菌株分布相对较多,其次是高致病群D（21．23％）和B2（6．16％）;鸡源大肠杆菌耐药严重,12种药物的耐药率在50％以上,多重耐药问题突出,多重耐药率高达98．86％;不同省区鸡源大肠杆菌菌株的耐药程度存在差异,个别药物（如奥格门丁、头孢噻呋等）差异显著;高致病群B2和D群菌株的耐药程度较B1和A群菌株严重,其中氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、大观霉素、头孢噻呋、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、奥格门丁等7种药物差异显著（ P＜0．05）。试验表明,我国鸡源大肠杆菌高致病菌株检出率高,且耐药程度相对严重,在适宜条件下更易导致鸡群发病且较难控制。 相似文献
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[目的]为了探讨患病和痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌的抗菌药物及其耐药性之间的相关性。[方法]采用微量肉汤稀释法对91株牦牛源大肠杆菌进行氨基糖苷类药物(链霉素和庆大霉素)和磺胺类药物(磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶)敏感性试验,同时采用PCR方法检测氨基糖苷类相关耐药基因aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV及磺胺类相关耐药基因sul2、sul3的携带情况。[结果]结果表明：39株患病牦牛源菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶的耐药率分别为30.77%、5.13%、61.54%和87.18%,aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV、sul2和sul3的检出率分别为43.59%、25.64%、38.46%和41.03%;52株痊愈牦牛源菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶的耐药率分别为42.30%、21.15%、94.23%和71.15%,aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV、sul2和sul3的检出率分别为71.15%、19.23%、69.23%和51.92%。[结论]试验结果表明,痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类和磺胺类药物耐药率及相关耐药基因检出率均高于患... 相似文献
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[目的]了解新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区屠宰场羊源大肠杆菌的流行情况以及耐药性和毒力基因分布特征。[方法]从阿克苏地区某屠宰场采集健康羊的淋巴结、胴体拭子、粪便样本共30份,使用选择性培养基分离大肠杆菌,然后采用大肠杆菌特异性phoA基因对其进行分子生物学鉴定;利用PCR扩增及测序技术对大肠杆菌分离株进行多位点序列分型（multilocus sequence typing,MLST）;采用K-B纸片扩散法开展分离菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性试验;应用PCR技术检测分离菌株的耐药基因和毒力基因携带情况;使用96孔板微量肉汤法测定分离菌株的生物被膜形成能力。[结果]从30份样本中分离得到14株大肠杆菌,分离率为46.67%;14株分离株分属于10个MLST型别;对复方新诺明（100%）、青霉素（85.71%）和四环素（50.00%）耐药率较高,9株菌具有多重耐药表型（64.29%）;在14株大肠杆菌中检测到blaTEM(85.71%)、aph(3′)（71.43%）、tetA(64.29%)、sul1(57.14%)和sul2(57.14%)等12种耐药基因,并且8株菌携带Ⅰ型整合子int-Ⅰ基因... 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2018,(9)
为了解贵州省猪源大肠杆菌对磺胺类抗菌药物的耐药性及其耐药基因的流行情况,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定66株从贵州省6个地区规模化养猪场分离保种的猪源大肠杆菌对5种磺胺类抗菌药物敏感性,并用PCR方法对磺胺类耐药的sul基因进行检测。结果显示,贵州省猪源大肠杆菌对磺胺二甲嘧啶耐药率为93. 94%,其次是磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺噻唑耐药率分别为86. 36%、89. 39%,磺胺间甲氧嘧啶和磺胺嘧啶耐药率分别为84. 85%、80. 30%。66株大肠杆菌sul基因的检出率为100%,其中sul3为100%(66/66),sul1为89. 4%(59/66),sul2为77. 3%(51/66),同时携带sul1、sul2及sul3三种基因型的大肠杆菌占74. 2%(49/66)。结论:贵州省6个地区规模化养猪场大肠杆菌对磺胺类药物耐药形式严峻,磺胺类sul3耐药基因携带率较高。 相似文献
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为明确鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌对磺胺类药物的耐药性及耐药基因的分布特征,试验采用琼脂二倍稀释法对分离自福建、广东和江西等地的89株鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌进行甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑的耐受性检测,用PCR法检测各耐药菌株的磺胺类耐药基因(sul1、sul2和sul3),并利用多位点序列分型(MLST)分析耐药菌株间的亲缘关系。结果显示,33株鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑耐受,耐药率为37.1%(33/89);在耐药菌株中,sul1、sul2和sul3基因检出率分别为100%(33/33)、97.0%(32/33)和21.2%(7/33),其中sul1和sul2基因同时检出率为97.0%(32/33),sul1、sul2和sul3基因同时检出率为21.2%(7/33);所有耐药菌株均属于ST129型。以上结果表明,鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌对磺胺类药物具有一定的耐药性,其中的耐药菌株都属于同一序列型ST129,均携带有sul1耐药基因,且绝大多数耐药菌株同时携带sul1与sul2两种耐药基因,提示在福建、广东和江西等地需慎用磺胺类药物来防治该细菌的感染。 相似文献
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为了解广东湛江地区肉鸡养殖场中大肠杆菌耐药性和耐药基因的流行与传播特点,从湛江地区的8个肉鸡场分别采集粪便和土壤样品各120份,从中分离鉴定出200株大肠杆菌,药敏纸片扩散试验检测分离菌株对23种抗菌药的耐药情况,并利用PCR法检测分离菌株携带耐药基因的分布情况。结果显示,从粪便和土壤中分离的200株菌株均对磺胺异噁唑、万古霉素、复方新诺明等12种抗菌药具有较高耐药率(≥50%),对美罗培南、呋喃唑酮、磷霉素等11种抗菌药具有较低耐药率(≤50%)。分离的大肠杆菌菌株均检出耐药基因,养殖场粪便分离菌中检出耐药基因28种,其中blaTEM、sul2检出率较高;土壤分离菌中检出耐药基因25种,其中blaTEM、int1、sul2、tet D检出率较高。分离菌的多重耐药现象普遍存在。由于耐药机制复杂,细菌耐药性的传播特点和方式仍需进一步探索。 相似文献
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鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌对磺胺类药物的耐药性检测及耐药基因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌对磺胺类药物的耐药性及耐药基因的分布特征,试验采用琼脂二倍稀释法对分离自福建、广东和江西等地的89株鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌进行甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑的耐受性检测,用PCR法检测各耐药菌株的磺胺类耐药基因(sul1、sul2和sul3),并利用多位点序列分型(MLST)分析耐药菌株间的亲缘关系。结果显示,33株鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑耐受,耐药率为37.1%(33/89);在耐药菌株中,sul1、sul2和sul3基因检出率分别为100%(33/33)、97.0%(32/33)和21.2%(7/33),其中sul1和sul2基因同时检出率为97.0%(32/33),sul1、sul2和sul3基因同时检出率为21.2%(7/33);所有耐药菌株均属于ST129型。以上结果表明,鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌对磺胺类药物具有一定的耐药性,其中的耐药菌株都属于同一序列型ST129,均携带有sul1耐药基因,且绝大多数耐药菌株同时携带sul1与sul2两种耐药基因,提示在福建、广东和江西等地需慎用磺胺类药物来防治该细菌的感染。 相似文献
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广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌耐药性和磺胺类耐药基因检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌磺胺类药物耐药性和磺胺类耐药基因的流行情况,采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定大肠杆菌分离株对磺胺类药物的敏感性,通过PCR方法调查磺胺耐药株携带耐药基因sul1、sul2、sul3的情况。药敏试验结果表明,256株水禽源大肠杆菌分离株对复方磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺二甲嘧啶耐药率分别为91.0%和86.7%;在248株磺胺耐药株中,sul1、sul2和sul3检出率分别为73.8%、74.6%和44.7%。表明sul1和sul2为广东地区主要携带的磺胺类耐药基因,对水禽磺胺类耐药菌株的产生起重要的作用。 相似文献
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本研究利用三重PCR的方法对新疆犊牛源大肠杆菌临床分离株进行系统进化分群,对不同进化群的菌株进行致病性和16种药物的敏感性试验。结果:粪便样品中分离出的127株大肠杆菌中非致病群A(37.8%)和高致病群D(30.7%)菌株分布相对较多,其次是低致病群B1(18.1%)和高致病群B2(13.4%);其中腹泻犊牛源(B2+D)群大肠杆菌明显多于健康犊牛。药敏结果显示,犊牛源大肠杆菌多重耐药表型的菌株占85.0%,主要分布在3耐~7耐,其中腹泻犊牛携带的大肠杆菌耐药率高于健康犊牛,D群大肠杆菌耐药率最高,B2群耐药率最低,A群和B1群居中。结论:新疆犊牛源大肠杆菌耐药性比较严重,应受到重视。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献