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1.
建立了复方麻黄散中非法添加喹烯酮的HPLC-DAD检查方法。以C18柱为固定相,甲醇-水(60∶40,V∶V)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,二极管阵列检测器检测,采集波长范围为190～400 nm,提取波长为314 nm。通过液相色谱保留时间、紫外吸收光谱和峰纯度分析对非法添加物进行确认。结果表明,该色谱条件下喹烯酮与其他物质分离良好。喹烯酮在2.0～100.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2=0.9999。喹烯酮在复方麻黄散中的平均回收率为101.4%,RSD为0.5%;方法的检测限为0.25 g/kg。该方法简便,准确,可靠,可以用于检查复方麻黄散中非法添加喹烯酮。  相似文献   

2.
建立了高效液相色谱法测定恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸含量的方法。试验采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以0.025 moL/L磷酸溶液-乙腈(85∶15,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,二极管阵列检测器进行全扫描和232 nm波长测定。结果表明乙酰甲喹在0.5～20μg/m L范围内线性良好,R~2=1.000,平均回收率为99.62%;水杨酸在1.0～50μg/m L范围内线性良好,R~2=1.000,平均回收率为99.51%;RSD在0.07%～3.44%之间。本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸的定性和定量检测。  相似文献   

3.
为建立恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加磺胺类药物的高效液相色谱检查方法,研究使用C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,3.5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.025mol/L磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节pH=3.0),流速1.0ml/min,进样量10μl,柱温30℃,定性采集波长范围200～400nm,定量波长为270nm。结果表明,8种磺胺类药物进样浓度在5～100μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R^2均大于0.999),平均回收率在95%～107%之间,批内批间RSD均小于5%,适用于恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加磺胺类药物的测定。  相似文献   

4.
为同时测定柴辛注射液中有效组分甲基丁香酚、细辛脂素的含量,建立了以核壳型分离填料为色谱柱,乙腈和水为流动相,检测器波长为287 nm,流量为1.0 mL/min的高效液相色谱方法。结果显示,在0.15～150μg/mL的质量浓度范围内,甲基丁香酚的线性曲线为Y=7243X-258,R2=0.9999,检测限为0.025μg/mL,平均回收率为97.47%～100.53%,RSD为0.92%～2.17%;细辛脂素的线性曲线为Y=18853X-676,R2=0.9999,检测限为0.012μg/mL,平均回收率为88.47%～92.23%,RSD为1.48%～3.55%。该方法操作简单,准确度、重复性、精密度好,可适用于柴辛注射液的质量控制。  相似文献   

5.
建立了高效液相色谱法测定恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸含量的方法。试验采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以0.025moL/L磷酸溶液-乙腈(85:15, v/v)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器进行全扫描和232nm波长测定。结果表明乙酰甲喹在0.5～20μg/mL范围内线性良好,R2=1.000,回收率在98.21%～107.94%之间;水杨酸在1.0～50μg/mL范围内线性良好,R2=1.000,回收率在96.33%～100.84%之间;RSD在0.11%～3.44%之间。本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸的定性和定量检测。  相似文献   

6.
利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠和甲氧苄啶的含量。采用C18柱(5μm, 4.6 mm×250.0 mm),以乙腈∶0.1%磷酸溶液(20∶80,V/V)为流动相，检测波长230 nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL/min。结果表明，磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在5.00～200.00μg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(R2=0.999 6),平均回收率为99.49%,RSD为0.18%;甲氧苄啶在1.00～50.00μg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(R2=0.999 7),平均回收率为99.02%,RSD为0.60%。本方法简单快捷，精密度好，可用于控制复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠和甲氧苄啶的含量。  相似文献   

7.
为建立麻黄鱼腥草散、鸡痢灵散、定喘散、银翘散、金花平喘散、四黄止痢颗粒6种中兽药散剂中非法添加利福平高效液相色谱检查方法,研究使用C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,样品经前处理后用流动相稀释(乙腈∶甲醇∶磷酸盐缓冲液=35∶35∶30),采用二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD),波长采集范围为200~400 nm,记录色谱图波长为237 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10μL。结果表明,利福平进样浓度在5~250μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.9997),平均回收率在92.9%~93.7%之间,RSD在0.4%~1.13%之间(n=6)。试验方法简便、准确、可行,适用于兽用中药制剂中非法添加利福平的定性定量检测。  相似文献   

8.
HPLC法测定中兽药散剂中非法添加土霉素的方法研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
建立了高效液相色谱法检测清肺散、白头翁散、止痢散等中兽药散剂中非法添加土霉素的方法。用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以0.05 mol/L草酸铵溶液-二甲基甲酰胺-0.2 mol/L磷酸氢二铵（75∶20∶5）（用氨试液调pH值至8.0±0.2）为流动相,检测波长280 nm,流速1.0mL/min,进样量20μL,柱温35℃。结果显示,土霉素的线性范围为100～300μg/mL,线性方程为Y=4.90×10 X-2.39×103（,r=0.999 6,n=5）,本方法的回收率为80.68%～119.23%,RSD为0.66%～1.85%。结果表明,本方法准确、可靠,适用于中兽药散剂中非法添加土霉素的检测。  相似文献   

9.
建立了高效液相色谱法测定兽用双黄连注射液中非法添加4种解热镇痛类药物的方法。采用Waters Symmetry C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm)色谱柱分离4种解热镇痛类药物,以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H值7.0)-甲醇(65∶35)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL,采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,采集的波长范围190~400 nm,分辨率为1.2 nm,记录260 nm处的色谱图。结果显示,4种解热镇痛类药物的浓度在1~100μg/mL范围内的线性良好,相关系数r均为0.999 9,回收率在97.8%~100.8%,相对标准偏差在0.9%~4.0%,检测限1.0 mg/mL。本方法快速、准确,可用于兽用双黄连注射液中非法添加解热镇痛类药物的定性和定量检测。  相似文献   

10.
为建立兽药复方磺胺嘧啶钠注射液含量测定的高效液相色谱测定法。采用流动相为0.1%的磷酸溶液-乙腈(85:15,V∶V),色谱柱为C18柱,柱温为40℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为240 nm。采用外标法进行定量。磺胺嘧啶钠的线性范围为12.5～200μg/mL,线性方程为Y=44.873X+11.999,r~2=1.000;甲氧苄啶的线性范围为2.5～40μg/mL,线性方程为Y=62.288X+4.0826,r~2=1.000,方法的线性关系良好,添加回收率均大于98%,RSD均小于2%。结果显示该方法简单、精确、可操作,可以用于测量复方磺胺嘧啶钠注射液中磺胺嘧啶钠与甲氧苄啶的含量。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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