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1.
气泡幕可作为海洋牧场鱼群控制的技术手段之一。本研究通过改变气泡幕在水槽中的相对位置和试验许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)的密度来观察许氏平鲉的行为反应,运用了观察法、对照试验法和控制变量法探究了气泡幕对不同密度下的许氏平鲉的阻拦效果。结果显示:1)试验鱼20尾时,气泡幕的位置分别设置在矩形水槽长的1/4、1/2和3/4处(鱼的密度为12.52、6.26、4.17尾/m2),阻拦率分别达到了98.2%、88.4%和92.9%,阻拦效果明显。2)气泡幕设置在水槽长度方向的1/2处,试验鱼分别为5尾、10尾、15尾和20尾时,气泡幕阻拦率分别达到了100%、85.7%、100%和88.4%(鱼群密度分别为1.56、3.12、4.69、6.26尾/m2),阻拦效果良好。3)由于阻拦率较高,试验鱼群密度和阻拦效率没有明显的关系。本研究结果可为我国投放许氏平鲉的海洋牧场鱼群控制技术以及取水口拦鱼技术提供参考。 相似文献
2.
烟台浅海区不同养殖系统养殖效果的比较 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
于１９９８年４月５日至６月２３日,在山东烟台市四十里湾海区进行了３种养殖模式养殖效果比较的模拟实验。在该海区岸边建立了栉孔扇贝（Ｃｈａｍｙｓ ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ）单养,栉孔扇贝和海带（Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）混养,栉孔扇贝、海带和刺参（Ａｐｏｓｔｉｃｈｏｐｕｓ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）混养等３个系列、９个养殖系统和１个对照系统（５．０ｍ＊２．０ｍ＊１．０ｍ,日换水量１００％）,进行对比实验。 相似文献
3.
人工诱导花鳗鲡的精巢发育成熟及其精子的生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用肌肉注射HCG的处理方式（剂量为500U/㎏•体重,每周注射1次,注射时间为6周）诱导雄性花鳗鲡性腺发育成熟,成熟率达80.0%。对人工催熟花鳗鲡精子的生物学特性研究结果表明：花鳗鲡精子头部长径为3.81±0.69µm,短径为1.24±0.15µm;尾部长度为24.83±3.05µm;精液pH为7.3~7.5,精子密度为1.02×1010尾/ mL。精子的适宜盐度为15~20,其中盐度为15时,精子激活比率最高,快速运动时间以及精子的寿命最长。精子的pH适宜范围为6.0~8.0,pH值过高或过低都会影响精子的活力与寿命。另外,4 种金属离子(Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+和K+)对花鳗鲡精子活力与寿命的影响趋势基本一致,金属离子浓度过高或过低都会抑制精子的活力、缩短快速运动时间和寿命。而MgCl2、CaCl2、KCl、NaCl溶液浓度为0.4~0.6g/mL时,精子活力最好,最高激活比率为3级（41.0%~60.0%）。 相似文献
4.
三峡水库成库期间鱼类空间分布的水声学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
２００７年４月１８日～５月１日,利用ＳＩＭＲＡＤＥＹ６０回声探测仪（又称鱼探仪）对三峡水库坝前到丰都干流以及９条主要支流进行了水声学探测。采用垂直探测结合“之”字形路线的方法对库区整个水体鱼类的分布状况进行了研究。调查水域长度约有６００ｋｍ,回波数据分成１２３２个片段进行分析。结果表明：在５ｍ以下水层,体长大于６ｃｍ的鱼类在该区域平均密度为５６７．６８尾／ｄａｍ３,且鱼类分布不均匀。在巫山至奉节江段鱼类的密度最低,
密度的平均值和标准误（ｍｅａｎ±Ｓ．Ｅ）为（８．１±０．４７）尾／ｄａｍ３;在忠县到丰都江段密度最高,平均值和标准误（ｍｅａｎ±Ｓ．Ｅ）为（２５９７．０６±１５４．０８）尾／ｄａｍ３。从坝前到丰都,干流鱼类资源量总体上呈现逐步增加的趋势。支流资源量要比干流高。目标强度在－６０～－５０ｄＢ的鱼体大小差异不显著,大于－５０ｄＢ鱼体的平均目标强度在巴东－巫山江段最高,巫山－奉节江段及抱龙河次之。小型鱼体的大小在各江段没有统计学差异,中型和大型鱼体在巴东－巫山江段鱼体个体相对最大,万州－忠县江段以及小江、长滩河等水域鱼类个体相对较小。 相似文献
5.
中华鳖人工繁殖与饲养（下）３．稚鳖饲养（１）鳖池规格：稚鳖池必须用砖砌水泥浇制，规格有４×３×０．６ｍ或５×４×０．６ｍ，水深３０～４０ｃｍ，１／２池底放沙厚为１５～２０ｃｍ，１／２底无沙。（２）放养密度：刚出壳稚鳖重３～５克，每平方米密度为６０～８... 相似文献
6.
1 材料与方法1 1 孵化条件孵化室要求保温、保湿、通风性能良好。室内地面上蓄水 8～ 10ｃｍ ,以硬质防爆的红外线灯照于室内水面上 ,达到孵化室内加温增湿的目的。孵化沙盘为木板制作 ,敞口、方形、无盖。盘口内径 48ｃｍ× 48ｃｍ× 8ｃｍ。内置沙粒直径为 0 5～ 0 6ｍｍ ,含水量为 6 %～ 7%的中号消毒黄沙。1 2 鳖卵挑选受精斑清晰 ,受精线整齐 ,动物极区与植物极区分明的受精卵进行孵化。1 3 孵化密度1 3 1 单层密度 每只孵化沙盘放置一层鳖卵。试验沙盘共 5只 ;1号沙盘放 12 1(11× 11)只 ,系浙北地区目前鳖卵孵化的常用密度。… 相似文献
7.
刀鲚精子超微结构研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜下观察刀鲚精子超微结构,并对精子各部分长度进行测定。研究表明,刀鲚精子由头部、中段和尾部（鞭毛）组成。头部在光学显微镜下近梭形,透射电镜下纵切则近圆形。头部无顶体,由细胞核组成,核内染色质致密,空隙少,几乎无细胞质。头部后端偏一侧处有一植入窝,内有中心粒复合体。精子中段位于核后端,由中心粒复合体和袖套组成。中心粒复合体由近端中心粒和远端中心粒组成,两者基本位于一直线上。袖套肥厚的一侧有较多的线粒体和囊泡。尾部分为主段和末段,无侧鳍。主段具典型的“９＋２”的轴丝结构,末段很短,无典型轴丝结构。通过光学显微镜测定,精子头部为（２．３４±０．１６）μｍ,中段（１．４９±０．１８）μｍ,头宽（１．２９±０．２１）μｍ,尾部长（３４．０７±４．３１）μｍ,全长（３７．７７±４．２１）μｍ。 相似文献
8.
在６口海水土池（计１．９ｈｍ２）中分别按下列密度（万／ｍ３）布苗：３,４,５,３,４和０．２７,比较研究了中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉ－ｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）Ⅰ期氵蚤状幼体（Ｚ１）的密度对幼体变态率和成活率的影响。结果表明,Ｚ１的密度为４万／ｍ３时,大眼幼体的变态率（大眼幼体密度占Ｚ５密度的％;２１．６％）和成活率（大眼幼体的密度占Ｚ１密度的％;２．４％）及产量（４２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）最高。 相似文献
9.
利用盐田卤水池大面积养殖卤虫的试验研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
１９８９年６至９月，作者利用塘沽盐场９．３公顷的低度卤水池养殖卤虫（Ａｒｔｅｍｉａｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｔｉｃａ），方法是先在卤水池中培养微藻，粪肥用量４５０ｋｇ／ｈａ·ｍｏｎ，然后接种卤虫无节幼体，密度１．５—１．７×１０４个／ｍ３。试验期间投加少量粉碎过筛后的谷糠７．５ｋｇ／ｈａ·ｄ，谷糠颗粒直径４０—５０μｍ。试验三个月，共收获成体卤虫３６７４３．６ｋｇ，平均单产３９５０．９ｋｇ／ｈａ． 相似文献
10.
对虾池封闭式三元综合养殖的实验研究↑（*） 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用海水陆基围隔实验法探讨以对虾为主的中国对虾（ Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） 、罗非鱼（ Ｏ．ｍｏｓｓａｂｉｃｕｓ×Ｏ．ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃｕｓ） 和缢蛏（ Ｓｉｎｏｎｏｖａｃｕｌａ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｉｃｔａ） 投饵混养的最佳结构及Ｎ、Ｐ 的利用率等,并比较其养殖效果。结果表明,对虾的成活率、规格和净产量分别为７０ ．７４ ～８１ ．９５ ％ 、９ ．１６ ～１０ ．２１ ｇ／ｉｎｄ 和４８５ ．４ ～５６７ ．６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ;罗非鱼的出塘规格和净产量为２０２ ．４ ～２４２ ．５ ｇ／ｉｎｄ 和６６ ．９ ～１９１ ．９ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ;缢蛏的出塘规格和净产量分别为５ ．２３ ～６ ．１２ ｇ／ｉｎｄ 和１４０ ．４ ～４５６ ．５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ 。最佳结构与放养个体数的配比为对虾７ ．２１ ｉｎｄ／ｍ２（ 体长２ ｃｍ 左右） 、罗非鱼（ 体重１５０ ｇ 左右）０ ．０８ ｉｎｄ／ｍ ２ 和缢蛏（ 壳长３ ｃｍ 左右）１４ ｉｎｄ／ｍ２ 组,其Ｎ、Ｐ的总利用率为２３ ．３９ ％ 和１４ ．６６ ％ 。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
15.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
16.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
17.
Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
20.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献