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主成分分析法在柞蚕品种资源经济性状评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法对柞蚕品种资源的性状进行评价和归类,有利于提高柞蚕品种资源鉴定的效率及育种亲本的合理、有效选择。对16份柞蚕品种资源的主要经济性状进行主成分分析,从调查的16个主要经济性状选取出综合产量因子、茧丝效率因子、生命力因子和茧丝产量因子4个主成分,这4个主成分代表了16个主要经济性状信息总量的83.068%,其中包含有关茧丝性状的信息较多。基于4个主成分值的聚类分析,可将16份柞蚕品种资源划分为4个类群,每个主成分在各类群的表现:综合产量因子为第1类群第2类群第3类群第4类群,茧丝效率因子为第4类群第2类群第1类群≈第3类群,生命力因子为第4类群第1类群第3类群第2类群,而茧丝产量因子在各类群的排列规律不明显。依据4个主成分对16份柞蚕品种资源进行综合评价,三里丝和定州1号排列前位。 相似文献
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应用主成分分析法综合评价柞蚕新品种及其杂交组合的经济性状 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用主成分分析法对5个不同类型柞蚕品种及10个杂交组合的经济性状进行综合评价,为柞蚕优良新品种选育及推广应用提供理论依据。从11个柞蚕主要经济性状确定3个主成分,即产量因子、茧层与繁殖效率因子、生长发育因子,这3个主成分所表达的信息量占信息总量的90.25%。第1主成分来自产量和收蚁结茧率等性状,其贡献率为50.65%;第2主成分来自茧层率、茧层量及产卵量等性状,其贡献率为25.83%;第3主成分来自全龄经过及茧质性状,其贡献率为13.77%。基于3个主成分分值对5个柞蚕品种及10个杂交组合进行综合评价:新品种金凤的配合力和杂种优势表现突出,以该品种组配的4个杂交组合的综合得分排列前5位;10个杂交组合综合得分排列前3位的是金凤×抗大、方山黄×抗大、金凤×青6号,显示出较好的推广应用潜力。 相似文献
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15个柞蚕杂交组合部分数量性状主成分的评估分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
数量性状的主成分分析是评价杂交种综合性状优劣的重要手段之一。对15个柞蚕杂交组合的产茧量、千粒茧质量、收蚁结茧率、死笼率、发病率、不受精卵率6个数量性状进行主成分分析,将6个性状归纳为3个主成分,累计贡献率为93.170%。其中:第1主成分为产量因子,主要来自产量和生命力性状,其贡献率为57.924%;第2主成分为育性因子,主要来自不受精卵率,其贡献率为20.526%;第3主成分为生命力因子,主要来自生命力性状,其贡献率为14.719%。根据主成分值对供试杂交组合进行综合评价,结果是582×9906、582×抗大、8822×抗大、582×黑翅、8821×黑翅和582×8821的综合得分较高,为较优的柞蚕杂交组合。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2020,(2)
柞蚕主要经济性状的遗传变异及相互关系研究,对于品种的综合评价和遗传改良具有重要意义。以39份供试二化性柞蚕品种为材料,通过对单蛾产卵数、克卵粒数、实用孵化率、千粒茧重、全茧量、茧层量、茧层率、收蚁结茧率、死笼率、千克卵收茧量等性状进行调查,运用相关性分析、通径分析和主成分分析等方法对柞蚕种质资源进行综合评价。结果表明,收蚁结茧率、死笼率、千克卵收茧量的遗传变异较为丰富,其变异系数分别为23.45%、46.37%和26.46%;相关性分析显示,10项性状间存在一定的相关性和信息重叠,这些性状间有26个相关系数达到显著或极显著水平;通径分析表明,8项性状对千克卵收茧量的直接通径系数按由大到小排序为收蚁结茧率、全茧量、茧层率、千粒茧重、克卵粒数、实用孵化率、死笼率、茧层量;主成分分析表明,前4个主成分代表了39个柞蚕品种的10项性状87%的信息,其贡献率分别为48.07%、16.48%、13.99%和8.46%。对39个柞蚕品种的综合得分进行排序,认为多丝4号、丰、辽柞1号和8712这4个品种性状优良,鲁红、小白蚕、青皮和胶蓝4个品种性状较差。 相似文献
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柞蚕品种资源数量性状的遗传多样性分析,有利于柞蚕新品种选育过程的优良亲本选配及性状改良。在对辽宁蚕区保存的39份二化性柞蚕品种资源的7项数量性状连续5年进行统一调查的基础上,通过变异系数、多样性指数和聚类分析明确其遗传多样性。除实用孵化率和克卵粒数2项性状的变异系数较低外,产卵数量、产卵量、全茧量、茧层量和茧层率5项性状均有较高的变异系数,其中产卵数量、产卵量和茧层量的变异系数分别达到了11.29%、13.87%和11.86%,并且各项性状的分布频率表现出一定的集中性。除实用孵化率的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数较低外,产卵数量、产卵量、克卵粒数、全茧量、茧层量和茧层率的遗传多样性指数均较高,表明这些性状蕴含丰富的遗传变异。利用DPS数据处理系统,以最短距离法对距阵结果进行聚类分析,将39份柞蚕品种资源分成6个类群,其中4个从国外引进的改良品种聚为一大类群,印证了柞蚕品种资源的亲缘关系与地理来源有关。上述结果显示供试39份二化性柞蚕品种资源7项主要数量性状的遗传多样性丰富,尤其是产卵数量、产卵量和茧层量等性状有较大的遗传潜力,可应用于品种改良;而实用孵化率的遗传潜力小,育种过程不易进行性状改良。 相似文献
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通过测定单果重、纵横径、可溶性固形物等11项指标,并对其进行变异分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,旨在更加科学、全面的对云南砂梨品种进行分析和评价,为优质梨新品种选育提供参考。结果表明,果实品质指标差异较大,其中糖酸比变异系数最大,为69.54%,其次是固酸比,为62.48%。主成分分析中,前4个主成分的累积贡献率达到89.423％,第１主成分贡献率最高,为46.563％,其主要决定因子是单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径、糖酸比、固酸比和可滴定酸,第2主成分贡献率为20.383%,其主要决定因子是可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C,第3、4主成分贡献率分别为13.225%、9.252%,其主要决定因子分别是果形指数和硬度。综合评价得分前三的品种是长冲梨、宝珠梨、鲁沙梨。Q型聚类分析可知,在欧氏距离为3时,可聚为3类,第1类平均单果重为246.3g,第2类平均单果重为504.0g,第3类单果重为781.0g。R型聚类分析可知,单果重、果实横径、果实纵径、糖酸比、固酸比、可滴定酸可作为云南砂梨品质评价的主要指标。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2016,(3)
对30份不同来源南荻种质资源的9个农艺性状(叶茎比、茎壁厚、株高、节数、最大节长、茎粗、单株重、分枝数和分蘖数)和6个品质性状(含水量、灰分、半纤维素、纤维素、木质素和热值)进行综合评价,结果表明:(1)南荻种质资源农艺性状和品质性状的变异系数变化范围为4.15%~75.02%;(2)主成分分析表明,前5个主成分因子解释了88.68%的变异源,第1主成分因子载荷最高的性状是株高、分蘖数、茎粗,说明产量及其构成因子是南荻的主要变异来源;(3)聚类分析表明,30份南荻种质可划分为3大类,第Ⅰ类群由8份来自洞庭湖地区的种质组成,第Ⅱ类群由14份来自鄱阳湖和长江中下游地区的种质组成,第Ⅲ类群由8份来自长江下游地区的种质组成;(4)通过主成分的综合线性模型对30份南荻种质资源进行综合评价,结果显示来自湖南澧县(编号B0634)种质综合评分最高,为2.778。 相似文献
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中细纤度家蚕品种数量性状主成分分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用多元统计分析方法,对15个家蚕品种的7个主要经济性状进行主成分分析。结果表明:7个数量性状可简化为产量因子、效率因子、纤度因子3个主成分,所提供的信息量占7个数量性状信息量的85.70%。在主成分分析的基础上,对15个品种的3个主成分值进行聚类分析后划分为4大类群:产量因子的整体趋势是第1类群>第2类群>第4类群>第3类群;效率因子是第3类群>第1类群>第4类群>第2类群;纤度因子是第3类群>第2类群>第1类群>第4类群。基于选择中细纤度蚕品种育种亲本的指标,推测第1类群(苏17、761、SC3、春萌、794)和第2类群(镇12、895春珠肥、854A、898、SJ3)是亲本选择、选配的优先选择材料。 相似文献
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本研究以国内外180份饲用燕麦(Avena sativa L.)种质资源为研究对象，利用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法评价其表型遗传变异水平，结果表明180份饲用燕麦质量性状的遗传多样性指数以粒型(1.2)最大，粒色(0.67)最小；数量性状的遗传多样性指数以单株生物量(2.07)最大，有效分蘖数(1.82)最小。变异系数最大的是铃数(31.82%),最小的是粒长(8.97%)。主成分分析发现第1主成分反映的是穗部特征因子，第2主成分反映的是产量构成因子，第3个主成分反映的是种子特征因子。聚类分析将所有种质资源分为五类，其中种质群I、II、IV可分别作为筛选高产饲用型燕麦以及多目标性状品种、抗倒伏品种以及籽粒型燕麦品种的优良亲本，为饲用燕麦种质资源的筛选利用和遗传育种提供基础数据和理论参考。 相似文献
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为了解在拉萨地区引种的18个燕麦(Avena satica)品种的遗传多样性,对18个农艺性状指标进行了多样性指数分析、聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明:18个性状的遗传多样性指数范围在1.458~2.054,平均为1.87,遗传多样性丰富,同一性状间差异化大,各性状变异系数大,其中较高的是干草产量(52.354%)、旗叶长(51.946%)。聚类分析将18个燕麦品种分为4类,类群Ⅰ包括11个品种,属于高秆类群。类群Ⅱ包括1个品种,属于高干草产量类群。类型Ⅲ包括2个品种,属高营养、多籽粒型类群。类群Ⅳ包括4个品种,此类群在各个指标中均有较好的表现,是适宜在拉萨地区种植的燕麦品种。主成分分析共提取5个主成分,累计方差贡献率为79.592%,第一因子反映叶产量和种子产量,第二因子反映酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维,第三因子反映粗灰分,第四因子反映茎叶比和粗蛋白。第五因子反映株高。通过构建5个主成分为参数的综合评价模型,计算综合得分,可以筛选出贝勒Ⅱ、牧王、海威为适宜在拉萨地区种植的燕麦品种。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献