共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 911 毫秒
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《畜牧兽医学报》2018,(12)
脂联素(adiponectin,AdipoQ)是一种主要由脂肪组织分泌的脂肪细胞因子。近年来的研究表明,脂联素在调节动物脂质代谢中发挥重要的作用。脂联素与脂联素受体(AdipoR1和AdipoR2) C端结合后,脂联素受体N端再与信号接头蛋白(APPL1和CK2)结合,影响肝激酶(LKB1)或沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)的活性或表达,激活AMPK和PPARα等信号因子,促进脂肪酸氧化和抑制脂质合成,达到降脂的作用。目前,关于脂联素调节脂质代谢的研究主要集中于人和啮齿动物,并且相关的分子调控机制研究已取得了一定进展。本文就脂联素的发现、结构、组织分布、信号接头蛋白和其调节动物脂质代谢的机制进行综述,以期为深入探究该基因在调控脂质代谢的作用机制提供参考。 相似文献
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机体物质代谢功能在一定程度上取决于关键酶的活性。许多研究证明 ,营养因子可调节某些酶的基因表达。 (n - 3)和 (n - 6)多不饱和脂肪酸是动物的必需脂肪酸 ,多不饱和脂肪酸除作为膜结构成分并具有代谢和信号传导作用外 ,现已认识到对脂肪合成也有控制作用。研究表明 ,日粮多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)可以抑制许多脂肪合成有关酶的基因表达。本文对PUFA影响脂肪合成及调控有关基因表达的最新报道进行综述。1 营养与基因表达细胞的结构和功能很大程度上决定于这些细胞合成的蛋白质。基因表达是功能蛋白的产物。在过去的 5 0年里 ,大量生物学… 相似文献
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多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)是影响动物组织脂类代谢的关键因子。本文综述了PUFA对动物脂类代谢的影响,并从脂类代谢相关基因的表达及其信号通路、脂肪细胞的数量、脂肪细胞因子分泌、参与表观遗传学修饰和改变瘤胃微生物组成的角度综述了其可能的影响机制,为深入探讨PUFA对动物脂类代谢的影响机制及通过PUFA调控动物的脂类代谢提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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本文综述了多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），尤其是n-3系的PUFA，可降低脂肪酸以甘油三酯形式的沉积，同时促进脂酸氧化和葡萄糖合成糖原，其具体机制是PUFA通过激活性氧化物酶体活化增生因子受体α（PPARα）来控制氧化过程中的基因表达，而其对脂肪合成途径中有关基因的抑制则是通过降低能传递胰岛素和碳水化合物信息的转录因子与DNA的亲和力和转录因子的核内丰度。尤其是PUFA抑制了类固醇调控单元结合蛋白－1（SREBP－1）的核内丰度和表达，降低了核因子Y（NF－Y）、Sp1和肝核因子－4（HNF－4）与DNA的亲和力。 相似文献
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瘦素（leptin,LEP）是白色脂肪分泌的一种蛋白质激素,在哺乳动物中,LEP是一种16-ku的肽类激素,在能量平衡的神经内分泌和外周调节中发挥重要作用,是反应体脂含量和调节体重、摄食的重要信号因子。在人类疾病方面,LEP基因的表达对很多疾病的发生起着重要的调控作用,尤其是LEP基因的突变可能导致肥胖、糖尿病和乳腺癌等疾病;在畜牧生产上,LEP基因的表达对牛、羊和猪的采食和生长性状影响显著。为了加深对LEP基因的认识,作者对LEP基因的结构及LEP的分布、结构和功能进行了总结,并对近几年LEP基因在疾病和畜牧生产方面的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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Two experiments were performed to assess the effect of different amounts of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on fatty acid composition of chickens. The contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid profile was also estimated. In trial 1, different fat sources were blended in different ratios allowing a gradient of dietary PUFA (from 15 to 61 g/kg), keeping added fat constant (9%). In trial 2, PUFA-rich oil was added at increasing inclusion rates (2, 4, 6 and 8%), achieving a dietary PUFA content ranging between 27 and 59 g/kg. Increasing dietary PUFA inclusion resulted in an increase in PUFA deposition, with higher efficiency when dietary fat also provided saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids (trial 1). Increasing dietary PUFA in both trials resulted in a decrease in SFA and MUFA concentration in the whole body. The estimated deposition of fatty acids from de novo synthesis was reduced when dietary fat content increased from 0 to 10%, varying between 35.34 and 17.66% for SFA and between 52.70 and 7.01% for MUFA in the whole body. The greater variation range for the MUFA supports the existence of a mechanism maintaining the SFA: (MUFA + PUFA) ratio within a specific range in biological membranes. 相似文献
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Intramuscular fat (IMF) in cattle is an important component of traits that influence meat quality. We measured carcass characteristics and gene expression in Korean steers to clarify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying IMF deposition in LM tissue by determining the correlation between IMF content and gene expression abundance and by developing models to predict IMF content using gene expression abundance. The deposition of IMF is determined by a balance between fat deposition and fat removal in the LM. We measured mRNA abundance of lipid metabolic genes including lipogenesis [acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN)], fatty lipid uptake [lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid translocase (CD36), fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1)], fatty acid esterification [glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (GPAT1), acylglycerol phosphate acyltransferase 1 (AGPAT1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), DGAT2], lipolysis [adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoglyceride lipase (MGL)], and fatty acid oxidation [carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)] in the LM. The mRNA abundance of the GPAT1 gene showed the greatest correlation (r = 0.74; P < 0.001) with IMF content among 9 fat deposition genes. The gene expression abundance of other fat deposition genes including ACC, FASN, LPL, CD36, FATP1, AGPAT1, DGAT1, and DGAT2 also exhibited significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) with IMF content in the LM. Conversely, ATGL mRNA abundance showed the greatest negative correlation (r = -0.68; P < 0.001) with IMF content in the LM among 6 fat removal genes. The expression of other fat removal genes including MGL, VLCAD, and MCAD showed significant negative correlations (P < 0.05) with IMF content. Our findings show that the combined effects of increases in lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid esterification, and of decreases in lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation contribute to increasing IMF deposition in Korean steers. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the mRNA abundance of the GPAT1 gene in the LM was the first major variable predicting IMF content (54%) among 15 lipid metabolic genes. The second was mRNA abundance of ATGL (11%). In conclusion, these results suggest that GPAT1 and ATGL genes could be used as genetic markers to predict IMF deposition in the LM. 相似文献
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Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase intramuscular fat deposition and decrease subcutaneous fat deposition in Yellow Breed × Simmental cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Haibo Zhang Xianwen Dong Zhisheng Wang Aiming Zhou Quanhui Peng Huawei Zou Bai Xue Lizhi Wang 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):517-524
This study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on intramuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition in Yellow Breed × Simmental cattle. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The results showed that the average backfat thickness, (testicles + kidney + pelvic) fat percentage and subcutaneous fat percentage in dietary CLA were significantly lower than in the control group, while intramuscular the fat percentage was significantly higher. Compared to the control group, the Longissimus muscle enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in dietary CLA and the subcutaneous fat enzyme activities of LPL, hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) were significantly increased. Similarly, compared to the control group, the Longissimus muscle sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), FAS, stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), ACC, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), heart fatty‐acid binding protein (H‐FABP) and LPL gene expression in dietary CLA were significant increased, as were the subcutaneous fat of PPARγ, H‐FABP, LPL, CPT‐1 and HSL in dietary CLA. These results indicated that dietary CLA increases IMF deposition mainly by the up‐regulation of lipogenic gene expression, while decreasing subcutaneous fat deposition mainly by the up‐regulation of lipolytic gene expression. 相似文献
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围产期奶牛脂肪肝等营养代谢性疾病的防治和调控是提高生产性能和效益的关键.胆碱作为一种动物生长发育必需的营养素,在奶牛肝脏脂肪代谢调控方面发挥着重要的作用.饲粮中适当补充胆碱可以有效降低肝脏脂肪含量和预防脂肪肝,并维持肝脏的正常生理功能.胆碱主要通过上调脂肪分解和下调脂肪生成途径的基因和蛋白的表达水平来调节脂肪代谢,从而减少脂肪沉积,缓解脂肪肝.本研究在已有文献报道基础上,阐述了胆碱的特性和功能,围绕胆碱对动物肝脏脂肪代谢的调节作用及机制进行了综述,旨在为奶牛维持机体健康、提高反刍动物生产性能提供理论依据. 相似文献
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脂肪是一类重要的营养物质，是动物体内的重要能量来源，同时也是生物膜的组成成分，在细胞生化过程中也起着重要作用。研究发现，脂肪可通过对基因表达的影响，对代谢、生长发育以及细胞分化发挥重要的调控作用。此文综述了脂肪对动物基因表达的调控，尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸对动物基因表达的调控作用。 相似文献