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1.
本文以蓝莓茎段为外植体,以WPM为基本培养基,通过添加不同配比的TDZ、ZT、6-BA、2,4-D植物激素,探讨蓝莓外植体诱导愈伤组织。研究结果表明:2,4-D对蓝莓茎段诱导愈伤组织效果最佳,最适浓度为1.0 mg/L。  相似文献   

2.
唐古特白刺组织培养及其培养基筛选研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
本试验选用唐古特白刺幼嫩茎段和叶片作为材料,研究白刺不同外植体的离体培养技术及其适宜的培养基。结果表明,白刺带芽嫩茎是诱导丛生芽的良好外植体,恒温20℃以下,可有效降低白刺丛生芽初代培养污染严重的程度;叶片是诱导愈伤组织的良好外植体,且低浓度生长素2,4-D培养基较高浓度培养基形成的白刺愈伤组织致密,也不易褐化。白刺的最适增殖、壮芽培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 1.00 mg/L,而且是以腋芽形成丛生芽的方式进行增殖的;最适生根培养基是1/2 MS+KT 1 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L;形成愈伤组织较好的培养基是MS+2,4-D 0.5～1.0 mg/L。  相似文献   

3.
仙客来愈伤组织的诱导及其抗褐变的研究   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  
该试验以仙客来的叶片、叶柄、花梗为外植体,分别以MS为基本培养基,并添加了不同种类和浓度的植物生长激素,对其进行愈伤组织的诱导.另外,还初步研究了活性炭(AC)、VC、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和黑暗培养对仙客来外植体抗褐变的作用.结果表明,以叶片为外植体诱导效率最高,叶柄、花梗次之.叶片愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为1/2MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L KT 0.25 mg/L;叶柄愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基是MS 6-BA 0.2mg/L NAA 2.5 mg/L;花梗愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基是MS 6-BA 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D0.5 mg/L.5种抗褐化处理方法中黑暗培养抗褐化效果最好.  相似文献   

4.
以药用植物紫花地丁叶片和叶柄为外植体,经过不同灭菌处理等,进行紫花地丁组织培养与快繁技术的研究。结果表明,紫花地丁叶片用70%乙醇处理20 s、0.1%Hg Cl2处理6 min灭菌效果最佳,而叶柄的最佳灭菌条件为70%乙醇40 s+0.2%HgCl_24 min;叶片最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为2/3MS+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.8 mg/L,叶柄在MS+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.6 mg/L培养基上的诱导分化效果最好;MS+2,4-D 0.6 mg/L+6-BA 0.8 mg/L和MS+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L+6-BA 0.6 mg/L分别为叶片、叶柄诱导丛生芽和继代增殖的最佳培养基;最适生根培养基是1/2MS+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L,生根率89%,移栽后,成活率高达95%。本研究成功建立了紫花地丁组织培养快繁体系,为其药用价值的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
红三叶新品系组织培养和植株再生   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
利用红三叶(Trifolium pratense L.)新品系无菌苗不同部位,通过愈伤组织诱导及分化途径获得再生植株。结果表明:子叶、下胚轴、叶柄、叶片及根段在MS+0.5mg·L-1 6-BA+1～2mg·L-1 2,4-D培养基上都极易诱导出愈伤组织。最佳继代培养基为MS+0.5mg·L-1 6-BA+1.0mg·L-1 2,4-D,添加2,4-D比NAA更利于愈伤的增长和保存;最佳分化培养基为MS+0.75mg·L-1 6-BA+0.5mg·L-1 NAA,最高分化率为16.67%,且分裂素6-BA优于KT,6-BA与NAA组合比与IBA组合更有利于红三叶愈伤组织的分化;茎芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+0.5mg·L-1 6-BA+1.0mg·L-1 IBA,再生苗的增殖效果IBA>NAA,2,4-D不利于茎芽生长;最佳生根条件为50mg·L-1浓度的IBA中浸泡1h后植入含0.5mg·L-1 IBA的MS中,生根率达80%,红三叶新品系IBA生根最大极限浓度为0.75mg·L-1,浓度过高表现出对根系生长的毒害。  相似文献   

6.
本文选用荔枝和龙眼实生苗带腋芽茎段为外植体,经常规消毒后,接种于附加不同浓度的激素6-BA、IAA和2,4-D的MS、B5、1/2MS等基本培养基上,诱导茎段萌芽。结果表明,MS培养基适合荔枝和龙眼茎段芽的诱导,荔枝茎段萌芽最佳的培养基为MS 0.6 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L IAA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 3g/L活性炭,萌芽率为71.7%,正常芽率为90.9%;龙眼茎段萌芽最佳培养基为MS 0.6 mg/L 6-BA 0.4 mg/L IAA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 3g/L活性炭,萌芽率为75.6%,正常芽率为83.8%。诱导荔枝芽苗生根的最佳培养基为MS 0.05 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L IBA,生根率为2.9%;诱导龙眼芽苗生根的最佳培养基为MS 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L IBA,生根率为5.0%。  相似文献   

7.
以桑品种育-711的叶片、芽尖、叶柄、茎段为材料,探讨不同外植体、不同培养基和激素配比等因素对桑树愈伤组织的诱导、继代培养以及悬浮细胞培养的影响,并对桑树悬浮细胞的生长曲线进行监测,初步建立桑树细胞悬浮培养体系。试验结果表明:叶片是诱导桑树愈伤组织的理想外植体,愈伤组织最佳诱导条件为MS培养基中添加1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA的激素组合,在此培养条件下的诱导率达90%以上;继代培养最优条件为MS培养基中添加1.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA,在此培养条件下继代,愈伤组织生长旺盛,存活率达到100%,培养12 d进入对数生长期,愈伤组织的鲜质量在此期间增加6倍;悬浮细胞在MS液体培养基中添加1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA的培养条件下,细胞增殖较快,生长曲线呈"S"型,活细胞数量在悬浮培养第16天时达到峰值。以桑树叶片作为外植体诱导愈伤组织及初步建立的悬浮细胞系,有助于进一步研发桑树组织培养物次生代谢产物的生产技术。  相似文献   

8.
为建立稳定、快速、高效的火龙果再生体系,以金都1号火龙果不同成熟度的茎段为外植体,探讨不同激素浓度配比、培养条件等对其愈伤组织及不定芽发生的影响。结果表明: 幼芽茎段和幼嫩茎段较适宜作为火龙果的诱导外植体。诱导率明显高于成熟茎段的诱导率。幼嫩茎段诱导愈伤组织最适合的培养基是MS +TDZ 0.6 mg/L + KT 0.8 mg/L +2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率是81.7%,不定芽再生率达到36%,幼芽茎段诱导的愈伤组织培养基为MS +6BA2.0mg/L +2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率高达91.7% 愈伤组织诱导不定芽的培养基为MS+NAA 0.2mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L,生根诱导最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L  相似文献   

9.
沙打旺叶片愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
张春光  刘静玲  冯江 《草地学报》1996,4(2):148-154
本文对沙打旺叶片外植体愈伤组织诱导和植株再生进行初步研究,建立了叶片外植体细胞无性系,并获得再生植株。试验以MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的2,4-D、NAA、IAA、BA、KT和ZT。单独附加2,4-D时,85%的外植体形成愈伤组织。2,4-D与ZT或BA配合使用时,形成愈伤组织的百分率虽降低,但这种愈伤组织可继代培养和诱导分化成苗。在MS培养基上附加BA和NAA时,则获得再生苗。BA、NAA和2,4-D对沙打旺叶片愈伤组织分化成苗有调节作用。此外,还探讨了蔗糖和不同培养基对愈伤组织形成的影响。  相似文献   

10.
黄鑫  张彦妮 《草业科学》2018,35(3):542-550
对铁线莲(Clematis florida‘Blekitny Aniol’)的带芽茎段进行诱导产生无菌苗,并对其叶片和茎段进行愈伤组织诱导成苗的分化研究,成功建立了铁线莲组织培养再生体系。结果表明,带芽茎段诱导腋芽最佳培养基为MS+1mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,腋芽萌发率为100.0%;茎段诱导愈伤最适宜培养基为MS+2 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.01mg·L~(-1)NAA,诱导率为78.3%;叶片诱导愈伤组织最适宜的培养基为MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA,诱导率为81.7%;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为1/2MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,分化率可达25.0%;最适宜不定芽的增殖培养基为1/2MS+3 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA,增殖倍数为4.94;筛选出最优的生根培养基组合为1/2MS+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,生根率为70.2%。本研究将为铁线莲的推广应用提供参考,也为其他铁线莲属植物引种和开发利用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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