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1.
用间接血凝试验检测猪传染性胸膜肺炎   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  
经戊二醛化－鞣酸化处理的绵羊红细胞用胸膜肺炎嗜血杆菌（ＨＰ）抗原致敏,以间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）检测猪传染性胸膜肺炎病血清抗体。致敏红细胞抗原的最佳浓度为１００－１５０μｇ／ｍＬ,超免疫血清的抗体效价达１：５１２－１：１０２４,对人工感染１４ｄ的猪血清阳性检出率达８０％,与猪瘟、猪肺疫、喘气病、猪萎缩性鼻炎阳性血清无效叉反应。  相似文献   

2.
以巴氏杆菌Ａ群菌苗免疫建昌鸭后，测定其抗体消长规律，对攻毒前后抗体进行比较，并用血凝抑制试验临别其抗体类型。结果表明：（１）注苗后５－６ｄ抗体就可达４个ｌｏｇ２及其以上，２９日龄鸭免疫后４０ｄ内，抗体在４个ｌｏｇ２及其以上，５０ｄ时不足４个ｌｏｇ２；３月龄鸭免疫后１１３ｄ内，抗体在４个ｌｏｇ２及其以上，１４６ｄ时为３．８１个ｌｏｇ２，１６５ｄ为２．４１个ｌｏｇ２；（２）攻毒后１５ｄ，抗体普遍比攻主  相似文献   

3.
间接ELISA检测鸭疫里氏杆菌抗体的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
以提取的血清１型鸭疫里氏杆菌（Ｒ．ａ）Ｊｂ２株的脂多糖作为包被抗原，成功地建立了一种检测１型Ｒ．ａ抗体的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，特异性试验和重复性试验证明此方法的特异性高等重复性好，并比较了间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，间接血凝试验，玻片凝集试验和琼脂扩散试验对抗体检出敏感性，结果表明间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法最敏感，人工感染后鸭第７２小时即可检出血清抗体为阳性（３／４）其次是间接血凝试验，第９６小时即可检出５０％（２  相似文献   

4.
以巴氏杆菌Ａ群菌苗免疫建昌鸭后,测定其抗体消长规律,对攻毒前后抗体进行比较,并用血凝抑制试验鉴别其抗体类型。结果表明：（１）注苗后５～６ｄ抗体就可达４个ｌｏｇ２及其以上,２９日龄鸭免疫后４０ｄ内,抗体在４个ｌｏｇ２及其以上,５０ｄ时不足４个ｌｏｇ２;３月龄鸭免疫后１１３ｄ内,抗体在４个ｌｏｇ２及其以上,１４６ｄ时为３．８１个ｌｏｇ２,１６５ｄ为２．４１个ｌｏｇ２;（２）攻毒后１５ｄ,抗体普遍比攻毒前下降约１个滴度,但攻毒后３０ｄ抗体比攻毒前高１～２个滴度。当抗体达４个ｌｏｇ２时,具有完全保护性,能抵抗人工感染和自然感染;（３）巴氏杆菌抗体以ＩｇＭ为主（ＩｇＧ甚微）,注苗后的回忆反应很不明显,这可能是巴氏杆菌苗免疫期较短的重要原因。  相似文献   

5.
补体损伤类鼻疽杆菌外膜的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
分离获得的类鼻疽杆菌在抗血清和补体的作用下,进行了青霉素药敏试验和Ｌ型菌的形成试验。结果表明,类鼻疽杆菌虽然具有抵抗补体杀灭的特性,但补体激活所形成的膜攻击物可损伤类鼻疽杆菌的外膜,从而增强了其对青霉素的敏感性。从这一意义上讲,补体在抗类鼻疽杆菌感染的机制中已完成了杀菌的第一步。  相似文献   

6.
从76年开始,应用间接血凝试验进行马鼻疽诊断的研究。采用鞣酸法将鼻疽抗原吸附在醛化血球上,先后对健康马、马来因马、鼻疽马(包括开放性鼻疽马和马来因点眼与补反均呈阳性的马)及人工感染马等762份血清中相应的抗体进行了检测,并与补体结合反应作了比较,现将结果报告如下。  相似文献   

7.
以提取的血清１型鸭疫里氏杆菌（Ｒ．ａ）Ｊｂ２株的脂多糖作为包被抗原,成功地建立了一种检测１型Ｒ．ａ抗体的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法,特异性试验和重复性试验证明此方法的特异性高、重复性好。并比较了间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法、间接血凝试验、玻片凝集试验和琼脂扩散试验对抗体检出的敏感性,结果表明间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法最敏感,人工感染后的鸭第７２小时即可检出血清抗体为阳性（３／４）;其次是间接血凝试验,第９６小时即可检出５０％（２／４）;玻片凝集试验在感染９天后才出现阳性（２／３）;而琼扩试验在感染后１１天仍为阴性反应。应用建立的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法,初步调查了南京地区鸭场此病的感染情况,发现所调查的１３日龄以前雏鸭的阳性率为０,而２１～３５日龄鸭的阳性率为８７３％。  相似文献   

8.
用弓形虫代谢分泌抗原制备间接血凝诊断试剂的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
用弓形虫代谢分泌抗原(E／SA)致敏绵羊红细胞制备间接血凝诊断试剂，进行人和动物弓形虫病血清抗体检测，并用弓形虫虫体抗原致敏的红细胞间接血凝诊断试剂进行对照试验。结果表明，在弓形虫阴性、阳性血清检测中，弓形虫E／SA间接血凝诊断试剂与弓形虫虫体抗原间接血凝诊断试剂的符合率为100％；在人工感染兔血的检测中，E／SA致敏的间接血凝诊断试剂比虫体抗原致敏的间接血凝诊断试剂的阳性检出时间提前2d，显示弓形虫E／SA间接血凝诊断试剂具有早期诊断和生前诊断的应用价值。  相似文献   

9.
我们在基础试验和测定健马LAI正常值的基础上,应用白细胞粘附抑制试验,对鼻疽杆菌接种马及不同类型自然感染鼻疽马进行了检测,其结果如下。  相似文献   

10.
江西省部分猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病血清学调查   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为调查江西省副猪嗜血杆菌病的流行情况,采集未进行疫苗免疫接种的11个猪场150份血清,应用间接血凝试验检测其抗体滴度,结果表明本地区副猪嗜血杆菌抗体总阳性率为44%,其中母猪阳性率偏高,说明该省猪场存在一定程度的副猪嗜血杆菌的感染.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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