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目前,国产鱼粉质量不稳,进口鱼粉价格又不断上涨。同时,由于鱼粉带有大肠杆菌和沙门氏杆菌等致病菌,对养鸡业极为不利,且鱼粉在贮存过程中发热或受热后生成组胺,是造成鸡肌胃糜烂的主要原因。因此,近年来国内外进行了大量的试验和研究,试图用其它蛋白质饲料来代替鱼粉饲喂各类型的鸡。本试验的目的是研究复合氨基酸代替鱼粉饲喂种鸡对生产性能的影响。 相似文献
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从鱼粉中检出的病原微生物种类很多，其中对动物及人致病力强的有沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、阴沟肠杆菌，对动物及人存在安全隐患的芽胞杆菌、非发酵菌、枸橼酸杆菌等，这些病原菌在进口鱼粉中检出比例也较高。文献报道已检测到动物健康的鱼粉中的毒素主要有：组胺、肌胃糜烂素、黄曲霉毒素、烟曲霉毒素、肉毒梭菌毒素等。使用不新鲜、腐败霉变的鱼制作的鱼粉其组胺含量一般较高，当机体摄入组胺超过100mg（或每kg体重1、5mg）时，即可引起过敏性食物中毒。肌胃糜烂素是组胺的衍生物，主要与鱼粉加工时的温度有关， 相似文献
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鱼粉中毒性成分的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对鱼粉中毒性成分病原微生物、霉菌毒素、重金属、放射性物质、组胺、多氯联苯和食盐等的中毒机制作一综述,以提高鱼粉卫生质量和有毒有害物质的防除意识。 相似文献
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试验的目的是考查进口智利鱼粉样品在不同温度、水分和湿度储藏条件下储藏特性指标的变化规律。将进口智利鱼粉样品于培养箱中培养观察28 d。每7 d采样1次,对鱼粉的酸价、组胺和过氧化值理化特性指标进行测定。试验结果表明:在不同的温度、水分和湿度条件下,进口鱼粉的酸价随储藏时间的延长而升高;过氧化值呈现在储藏初期先下降,随后上升的趋势;组胺在不同的储藏条件下呈现先上升后下降的趋势。 相似文献
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前言目前,国产鱼粉产量低、质量不稳定,且含盐量较高。国际市场上的鱼粉,由于南美主要生产国秘鲁的产量下降,而各国养鸡的发展对鱼粉的需求增加,所以鱼粉价格不断上涨。在过去几十年中,鱼粉作为鸡日粮中动物性蛋白的主要来源大量使用。但由于鱼粉中带有大肠杆菌和沙门氏杆菌,对养鸡业来说是极为不利的。而且,鱼粉在贮存过程中发热或受热后生成组胺,是造成肌胃糜烂的主要原因。因此,近年来,国内外进行了大量的试验和研究,试图用其它蛋白饲料来代替鱼粉饲喂各种类型的鸡。用植物蛋白代替鱼粉养鸡的报道很多,用羽毛粉、毛发水解蛋白代替鱼粉养鸡的报道也不少。但用制革业下脚料水解生产的复合氨基酸饲喂鸡的研究报道甚少,尤其是用这种方法生产的复合 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献