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1.
《饲料工业》2015,(15)
分析多功能复合菌剂发酵后的玉米秸秆粉营养成分变化,并考察其替代饲粮对育肥猪的增重效果,探讨发酵玉米秸秆用于育肥猪养殖的可行性。制备发酵玉米秸秆粉,并委托农业部饲料效价与安全监督检验测试中心对其进行常规营养成分分析。以大白×长白×杜洛克三元杂交猪为供试猪,分为3组,对照组饲喂常规饲粮,试验组Ⅰ饲喂90%常规饲粮+10%发酵玉米秸秆粉,试验组Ⅱ饲喂80%常规饲粮+20%发酵玉米秸秆粉,试验组Ⅲ饲喂75%常规饲粮+25%发酵玉米秸秆粉,测定并计算供试猪的料肉比与增重成本。结果表明:1发酵玉米秸秆粉营养价值相比发酵前显著提升。2相比对照组,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ料肉比分别下降8.06%(P0.01)与1.73%(P0.05),试验组Ⅲ料肉比提高10.29%(P0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组饲料价格比常规日粮下降6.73%、13.13%与17.51%,增重成本分别降低14.10%和14.75%与8.93%。发酵玉米秸秆粉作为一种新型的粗饲料,其饲用价值大大提高,可作为一种新型优质高替代饲料应用于育肥猪生产中。在生猪日粮中替代10%的发酵玉米秸秆粉,可促进试猪对营养物质的消化吸收,显著降低料肉比与增重成本,提高养殖效益。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究经复合菌剂发酵后的玉米秸秆粗饲料对獭兔的促生长效果。用以发酵玉米秸秆为主要粗饲料配制的日粮饲喂獭兔,从试兔生长性能、肠道菌群结构、消化酶活力的变化来揭示发酵玉米秸秆对獭兔生长的影响。选择体况良好,9周龄、体重（1.90±0.14） kg獭兔150只,将其分为对照组（饲喂常规基础日粮）和试验组（发酵玉米秸秆为主要粗饲料的日粮）,预试期10 d,正试期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组獭兔平均日增重（ADG）提高了14.60%（P<0.05）,料重比（F/G）降低了10.50%（P<0.05）;盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量降低了46.13%（P<0.01）,乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、芽孢杆菌数量分别提高了30.64%（P<0.05）、29.27%（P>0.05）和39.23%（P<0.01）;盲肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶活力较对照组分别提高了23.20%（P<0.05）、32.96%（P<0.05）和12.63%（P<0.01）、21.09%（P<0.05）。综合以上结果,发酵玉米秸秆可促进獭兔生长,改善肠道微生态环境。试验结果可为发酵玉米秸秆在獭兔中的应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
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发酵花生秧粉粗饲料的研制及其在肉鸭养殖中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《饲料工业》2015,(16)
研究旨在探明复合菌剂发酵花生秧粉的营养价值及其对肉鸭生长性能的影响,探讨利用发酵花生秧粉进行肉鸭节粮养殖的可行性。利用多功能复合菌剂发酵花生秧粉并对其进行营养成分分析。以42日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭为供试动物,共分为4组,对照组饲喂常规饲粮,试验组Ⅰ饲喂90%常规饲粮+10%发酵花生秧粉,试验组Ⅱ饲喂85%常规饲粮+15%发酵花生秧粉,试验组Ⅲ饲喂80%常规饲粮+20%发酵花生秧粉,预饲期7 d,正式试验为期21 d,测定并计算各组供试鸭的日增重、料重比与增重成本。试验结果表明,花生秧粉经复合菌剂发酵,其粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维分别下降25.57%(P0.01)、11.35%(P0.01)与9.50%(P0.01);粗蛋白、有机酸与总能分别增加52.23%(P0.01)、66.34%(P0.01)与52.98%(P0.05)。试验组Ⅰ平均日增重提高10.35%(P0.01),料重比下降9.23%(P0.01)、增重成本降低13.64%;试验组Ⅱ平均日增重提高21.93%(P0.01),料重比降低17.69%(P0.01),增重成本降低23.83%;而试验组Ⅲ平均日增重下降9.66%(P0.01),料重比增加10.79%(P0.01),增重成本增加0.07%。花生秧粉经复合菌剂发酵后其饲用价值大大提升,可作为一种新型高蛋白饲草应用于肉鸭养殖中;以15%发酵花生秧粉替代肉鸭日粮效果最好,可显著促进肉鸭生长、提高养殖效益。 相似文献
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旨在研究不同比例的玉米豆粕日粮对生长獭兔的试验效果,以筛选最佳饲料配方.选择45日龄健康的生长獭兔100只,随机分成5组.处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,分别饲喂单玉米型日粮、单豆粕型日粮、双兼型日粮、双无型日粮;对照组,饲喂常规玉米-豆粕型日粮.试验期为56 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组生长獭兔的末重、日增重、料重比差异均不显著(P＞0.05);各试验组獭兔的采食量均较对照组有所提高,以Ⅳ组最高,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);各试验组日粮均降低了獭兔的腹泻率和死亡率;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组各营养物质的消化率与对照组相比,差异均不显著(P＞0.05);各试验组生长獭兔被毛品质未产生不良影响,且饲料成本显著降低.由此可见,适当降低玉米和豆粕使用量,合理搭配日粮在技术上是可行的,可获得较好的饲喂效果,显著提高经济效益. 相似文献
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旨在研究适合内蒙古包头地区玉米秸秆黄贮发酵的最佳条件,并评价玉米黄贮秸秆配方日粮对育肥羊的饲喂效果。采用三因素三水平正交试验,对黄贮发酵菌剂、发酵周期和发酵辅料等进行实验室研究,筛选最佳发酵组合;依据GB/T 20807—2006《绵羊用精饲料》标准,配制含不同比例秸秆黄贮的配方日粮,开展育肥羊饲喂试验,比较传统育肥羊饲料和玉米黄贮秸秆配方饲料对小尾寒羊的育肥效果。结果表明,3个因素对秸秆黄贮pH值影响的顺序为:发酵辅料发酵菌剂发酵周期,黄贮发酵条件最佳的组合为EM如金菌液秸秆发酵剂+发酵25 d+食盐。饲喂基础日粮中添加不同比例玉米秸秆黄贮的2个试验组羊只,其活体重、胴体重、单块眼肌面积显著大于饲喂传统育肥饲料的对照组羊只(P0.05);饲喂基础日粮中黄贮添加比例为40%的试验组羊只,其饲料转化率显著高于对照组羊只(P0.05);饲喂基础日粮中黄贮添加比例为20%的试验组羊只,其屠宰率显著高于对照组羊只(P0.05);2个试验组羊只的日增重、大腿肌肉厚度、腰部肌肉厚度、系水力与对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05)。综合考虑饲喂效果以及饲喂成本因素,在基础饲料中添加40%的玉米黄贮秸秆对小尾寒羊的育肥效果最佳。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同含量的高粱和DDGS(谷物干酒精糟)与纯玉米-豆粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验选取244头56 kg左右的杜长大三元杂种生长猪,随机分成3个处理,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验1组饲喂15%DDGS+10%高粱饲粮,试验2组饲喂10%DDGS+20%高粱饲粮。结果表明,试验1组头均日采食量和头均日增重分别比对照组降低13.57%(P0.05)、8.00%(P0.05),料重比降低0.17,单位增重饲料成本减少0.71元/kg;试验2组的头均日采食量和头均日增重分别比对照组降低0.71%(P0.05)和4.00%(P0.05),料重比增加0.10,单位增重饲料成本增加0.09元/kg。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2017,(19)
试验研究经复合菌剂发酵后的玉米芯对肉鸭生长性能的影响,探讨利用发酵玉米芯对肉鸭进行节粮养殖的可行性。将60只发育正常和体质量相近(0.80±0.06 kg)的6周龄供试鸭随机分为4组,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验1~3组分别将发酵玉米芯按照5%、10%和20%的比例替代常规日粮,预试期3 d,正试期40 d,测定并计算各组肉鸭的料肉比与增重成本。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验3组的料肉比提高13.71%(P0.05),试验1组和2组分别降低7.65%(P0.05)和34.36%(P0.01);试验1~3组的增重成本分别降低9.56%、38.03%和2.33%,差异显著(P0.05)。由此得出,将发酵玉米芯以10%的比例替代常规日粮,可显著降低其料肉比与增重成本,试验结果为肉鸭的节粮养殖提供新思路。 相似文献
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不同纤维源日粮对肉鹅生长性能及屠宰性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究不同纤维源对肉鹅生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,合理利用粗饲料资源,试验选择120只2周龄肉鹅随机分为4组,分别饲喂以玉米秸秆、花生秧、发酵玉米秸秆和苜蓿草粉为纤维源的日粮,饲养6周,测定鹅的体重、耗料量和料重比等生长性能指标及屠宰性能指标。结果表明:2～4周龄时玉米秸秆组日增重最高(P<0.05),料重比最低(P>0.05),5～8周龄和2～8周龄各组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),发酵玉米秸秆组和苜蓿草粉组料重比极显著低于花生秧组(P<0.01);在屠宰性能方面除发酵玉米秸秆腹脂率极显著降低外(P<0.01),其余各项指标各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。说明以苜蓿草粉或发酵玉米秸秆为纤维源饲喂肉鹅的效果要好于花生秧和玉米秸秆。 相似文献
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为研究乡土草日粮对商品獭兔后期生产性能、毛密度及血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用健康无病、精神状态良好的110日龄试验兔30只,公母各半,按性别随机分为3组,每组10只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂15%当地乡土草草粉+85%基础日粮;试验Ⅲ组饲喂30%当地乡土草草粉+70%基础日粮。预试期7d,正试期30d。结果表明,试验组提高了獭兔末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量以及体况评分,降低了料重比;与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量及体况评分分别提高了9.78%、57.9%、4.02%及7.38%(P0.05),而料重比降低了9.4%(P0.05)。试验组提高了獭兔各部位被毛密度,试验Ⅲ组效果最好,与对照组相比,獭兔背部、腰部、左肩部和右肩部毛密度分别提高了20.7%、38.6%、33.7%和47.3%(P0.05),而臀部毛密度提高了12.9%(P0.05)。试验组提高了獭兔总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比、免疫球蛋白G含量,与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组总蛋白提高了15%,白蛋白提高了13%(P0.05);球蛋白提高8.6%,白球比提高了23.5%,免疫球蛋白G提高了30%(P0.05)。综上所述,30%乡土草草粉替代基础日粮提高了獭兔生产性能。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(16)
试验旨在探讨膨化发酵玉米秸秆代替不同比例育肥猪日粮中玉米成分,对生长育肥猪生长性能及经济效益的影响,为降低日粮成本提高养殖业经济效益提供参考。试验选用50头健康状况良好、无明显疾病、体重相近的(杜×长×大)三元杂交育肥猪,随机分成5组,每组10头猪。A组设为对照组,其他4组为试验组,试验期为113 d,其中预试期6 d,试验期107 d。根据NRC(2012)猪营养标准配制对照组日粮,试验组日粮需在此基础上分别按照15%、20%、25%、30%的比例用膨化发酵玉米秸秆代替对照组日粮中的玉米原料,对各组试验动物的日增重、料重比、经济效益等方面进行分析,结果显示:试验B组的平均日增重最高,与对照组及其它三个试验组间差异显著(P0.05),试验C组、试验D组平均日增重与对照组间差异不显著(P0.05),试验E组平均日增重最低,与试验A组间差异显著(P0.05)。试验A组的料重比低于各试验组,为2.77。试验B组的利润最高,为680.60元/头。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献