共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
以5月龄左右重庆黑山羊为试验动物,配制了粗蛋白质水平分别为8.23%、10.42%和12.52%的饲粮,进行了消化代谢试验和瘤胃降解试验。结果表明:随着饲粮中粗蛋白质水平的提高,各组间的干物质消化率、粗蛋白质消化率、氮沉积率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、酸性洗涤纤维消化率、粗纤维消化率之间的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。随着饲粮中粗蛋白质水平的提高,瘤胃内中性洗涤纤维的降解率在各个时间点变化不明显(P>0.05);酸性洗涤纤维的降解率在6h及以前降低(P<0.05),之后接近;干物质的降解率在6h及以前提高(P<0.05),之后接近;有机物的降解率在6h提高(P<0.05),之后接近;粗蛋白质降解率在12h及以前提高(P<0.05),之后接近。 相似文献
2.
文章旨在评估全混合口粮用青贮红花苜蓿替代豆粕对瘤胃非降解蛋白和肠道可消化蛋白的影响。试验日粮用不同水平的青贮苜蓿代替豆粕,全混合日粮的粗饲料和浓缩料按照3∶1组成,在干物质基础上,全混合日粮中的青贮苜蓿比例为15%、30%、45%和60%。采用尼龙袋法测定粗蛋白质的瘤胃降解,分别将饲料样品孵育2、8、16、24、32、72 h,日粮瘤胃非降解蛋白含量用2%、5%和8%/h的转运速率表示。此外,将日粮样品在瘤胃中孵育16 h,测定瘤胃非降解蛋白在肠道的消化率。结果显示:随着日粮青贮苜蓿添加水平的升高,快速降解蛋白从26.2 g/kg显著升高至212 g/kg(P 0.05),瘤胃可降解蛋白质从810 g/kg线性降低至676 g/kg(P 0.05)。当转运速率传为8%/h,瘤胃非降解蛋白从315 g/kg线性下降到253 g/kg(P 0.05)。随着日粮青贮苜蓿水平的增加,瘤胃非降解蛋白在十二指肠的消化率从760 g/kg下降到574 g/kg(P 0.05)。粗蛋白质在瘤胃内降解增加,但十二指肠吸收的瘤胃非降解蛋白量从184 g/kg线性下降至79 g/kg(P 0.05)。结果表明,高产奶牛日粮中青贮苜蓿完全替代豆粕不可行。替代水平达到30%时对瘤胃非降解蛋白含量及消化率无显著影响。 相似文献
3.
《中国饲料》2020,(6)
本试验研究了日粮中粗蛋白质水平和性别对黑山羊养分摄入量和消化率、氮沉积率、瘤胃发酵参数及生长性能的影响。试验选择12只(雌雄各半)3月龄、体重为(12.4±0.06)kg(雌性)和(15.1±0.63)kg(雄性)的黑山羊,采用2(性别)×2(蛋白水平)因子设计,开展150d的饲养试验,两组日粮蛋白水平分别为16.5%和17.5%。结果表明,性别和蛋白水平对干物质、有机质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的摄入量有显著影响(P 0.05),其中雌性山羊的干物质和粗蛋白质摄取量显著低于雄性山羊(P 0.05),低蛋白组也显著低于高蛋白组(P 0.05)。日粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率随日粮蛋白水平增加而显著增加(P 0.05)。雄性山羊和高蛋白组较雌性山羊和低蛋白组显著提高了氮沉积量(P 0.05)。采食3h后,山羊的性别对瘤胃pH、氨氮和挥发性脂肪酸含量无显著影响(P 0.05),但不同蛋白水平组具有显著差异(P 0.05)。雄性山羊和高蛋白组尿嘌呤衍生物排泄和瘤胃内微生物氮合成较高(P 0.05)。本研究结果表明,雄性黑山羊的生长速度较快,日粮高蛋白水平改善了黑山羊的生长速度及饲料营养物质的摄入量和消化率,所以饲喂高蛋白山羊和雄性山羊日增重较高,经济效益较好。 相似文献
4.
不同精粗比饲粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊瘤胃养分降解率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验采用尼龙袋法研究不同精粗比饲粮中添加甘露寡糖(MOS)对绵羊瘤胃养分降解率的影响。选取6只安装永久瘤胃瘘管的羯羊(白萨福克×小尾寒羊♀),采用4×6双因子析因试验设计,共设饲粮精粗比和MOS添加水平2个因子,其中饲粮精粗比分别为20∶80(A1)、30∶70(A2)、40∶60(A3)和50∶50(A4),MOS添加水平分别为0(B1)、0.4%(B2)、0.8%(B3)、1.2%(B4)、1.6%(B5)和2.0%(B6)。结果显示:饲粮精粗比对不同时间点绵羊瘤胃干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和粗蛋白质(CP)的降解率、降解参数[DM、OM:快速降解部分(a)、慢速降解部分(b)和可降解部分(a+b);CP:a、b和b的降解速率(c)]及有效降解率均产生了显著影响(P0.05),其变化规律均为随饲粮精料比例的升高而升高,在A4组达到最高;MOS添加水平仅对不同时间点绵羊瘤胃CP的降解率及降解参数a+b产生了显著影响(P0.05),其变化规律均为随MOS添加水平的增加先升高后降低,在B5组达到最高。饲粮精粗比和MOS添加水平对绵羊瘤胃养分降解率没有产生显著的交互作用(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮精粗比为50∶50时绵羊瘤胃干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质的有效降解率最高,MOS添加水平达到1.6%时绵羊瘤胃粗蛋白质的降解率最高。 相似文献
5.
饲料蛋白质组分对泌乳奶牛乳脂率和乳蛋白的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验研究采用粗蛋白质相同而蛋白质组分水平不同的四种日粮(日粮粗蛋白质中瘤胃未降解蛋白质(RUP)比例由35.9%逐步提高到40.9%,其他营养成分基本保持一致),选择32头处于中产水平的荷斯坦奶牛,根据产奶量、胎次和泌乳日龄按配对法随机分为四组,研究了不同蛋白质组分水平的日粮对奶牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白质产量的影响规律。结果表明,粗蛋白质相同而蛋白质组分水平不同的日粮对奶牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白产量没有显著的影响(P>0.05),但乳脂率有下降的趋势,乳蛋白产量有增加的趋势。 相似文献
6.
试验旨在研究不同营养水平精料补饲对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊的日粮养分表观消化率的影响。选择3月龄、体重相近的海南黑山羊24只,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组4只羊。设计2个粗蛋白质水平(15%和17%)和3个消化能水平(11.72、12.55、13.39MJ/kg)的精料补充料,自由采食,试验期90d。结果表明:日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日均干物质、能量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),日粮消化能水平对黑山羊日均粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙、磷、NDF和ADF采食量影响显著(P<0.05);日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);随着日粮中消化能水平的增加,能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率亦随之增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分表观消化率无显著影响,而日粮能量水平对日粮中能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率影响显著。 相似文献
7.
8.
试验旨在研究中药复方对日粮营养物质在山羊瘤胃内降解特性的影响。择6头健康的体重相近的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的周岁大足黑山羊羯羊,按3×3重复拉丁方试验设计,随机分为3组,1个对照组和2个处理组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个处理组分别在基础日粮上给每头羊日喂15 g复方Ⅰ和复方Ⅱ(由藿香、苍术、黄柏和生石膏等中药按不同比例组成)。采用瘤胃尼龙袋法对日粮精料和粗料干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在瘤胃内不同时间点的降解率进行测定,再根据动态降解率计算出降解模型参数及有效降解率。结果表明:复方Ⅰ能极显著提高精料DM和ADF及粗料DM、OM、NDF和ADF的有效降解率(P<0.01);复方Ⅱ能极显著提高精料DM及粗料DM、OM和ADF的有效降解率(P<0.01),显著提高精料ADF和粗料NDF的有效降解率(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,中药复方能改善山羊瘤胃降解能力,且复方Ⅰ作用效果优于复方Ⅱ。 相似文献
9.
《饲料工业》2016,(11)
试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对小尾寒羊瘤胃内环境的影响。试验以小尾寒羊为瘤胃液供体,借助DFCCS-Ⅱ型双外流连续培养系统,对粗蛋白质水平分别为12%、14%、16%、18%的4种饲粮进行体外发酵,于投料前、后2 h采集瘤胃液,测定其pH值、氨态氮、挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白含量。结果表明:随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的提高,瘤胃液pH值呈显著升高的趋势(P0.05);氨态氮浓度极显著升高(P0.01);总挥发性脂肪酸浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,16%水平显著高于12%、18%水平(P0.05);乙酸与丙酸的比值显著下降(P0.05);粗蛋白质水平对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸影响不显著(P0.05);菌体蛋白浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,16%水平显著高于其它组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮粗蛋白质水平对瘤胃内pH值、氨态氮、挥发性脂肪酸、菌体蛋白含量有显著的影响,粗蛋白质水平为16%的饲粮最有利于小尾寒羊瘤胃内环境发酵。 相似文献
10.
[目的]为了探索不同水平螺旋藻对奶牛瘤胃pH值、氨氮浓度和日粮营养成分瘤胃降解率的影响。[方法]本试验选择三头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计进行饲养试验。试验处理S1组为基础日粮,S2组为基础日粮＋0.09%DM螺旋藻,S3组为基础日粮＋0.15%DM螺旋藻。[结果]添加0.09%和0.15%DM的螺旋藻对瘤胃pH值无显著影响（P〉0.05）,有降低氨氮浓度趋势,但与对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）;两个添加组对日粮DM瘤胃有效降解率也没有显著影响（P〉0.05）,但显著提高了日粮NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率（P〈0.05）,0.15%DM螺旋藻还可显著降低日粮CP瘤胃降解率（P〈0.05）。[结论]表明适量添加螺旋藻不影响奶牛瘤胃发酵内环境,但具有显著提高日粮纤维物质的瘤胃降解率和降低日粮蛋白质降解作用。 相似文献
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献