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通过 EM生物菌剂发酵处理的不同有机肥对温室辣椒产量、营养品质和安全品质进行试验,研究结果表明：施用EM生物菌剂发酵处理的有机肥能明显提高辣椒的产量和品质;在相同条件下,施用EM生物菌剂发酵处理的鸡粪产量最高、品质最好,比普通有机肥增产40.39～69.75%,Vc含量增加26.8～41.0 mg/kg,硝酸盐含量降低13.1～33.2 mg/kg。 相似文献
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不同生物有机肥和生物菌剂对土壤微生物活性及烤烟发育与品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《作物研究》2019,(3)
采用田间小区试验,分别研究施用生物有机肥、生物有机肥+生物菌剂、腐熟农家肥后植烟土壤微生物活性的变化及其对烤烟品种K326的田间长势及品质的影响。结果表明,生物有机肥+生物菌剂处理下土壤中细菌与真菌的有效活菌数最高,比对照分别增加296.7%、21.4%;与常规施肥相比,生物有机肥+生物菌剂处理能够提高速效养分在土壤中的累积,其中0～20 cm土层碱解氮增加33.0 mg/kg,有效磷增加2.6 mg/kg。施用生物有机肥、生物菌剂及腐熟农家肥均能改善上中部烟叶品质,但对下部烟叶品质影响较小,明显提高了上等烟的比例、产量及产值,其中以生物有机肥+生物菌剂效果最优。施用生物有机肥和生物菌剂有利于改良土壤,提高作物品质及产量,可以在烟叶生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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多肽在凯特芒果上的应用效果 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以9龄生凯特芒果树为试材,施用不同浓度(常规施肥+多肽500倍液、常规施肥+多肽1 000倍液、常规施肥+多肽1 500倍液、常规施肥+1 000倍多肽叶喷施、常规施肥+清水对照)的多肽,研究其对芒果吸收部分矿质营养和品质的影响.结果表明:多肽能促进芒果果实吸收N、P、K素营养和改善果实品质.施用多肽500倍液,果实中N、P、K素营养含量分别比对照高12.1%、34.7%、17.2%,可滴定酸降低44.3%,可溶性总糖提高24.6%,抗坏血酸提高59.5%. 相似文献
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钾、镁营养供应对茶叶品质和产量的影响 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
本文总结了茶园钾、镁肥使用效果及施用技术等方面的研究结果。对我国主要产茶省份红黄壤茶园土壤分析表明,茶园土壤有效钾、镁含量较低。施用钾、镁肥一方面显著增加茶叶产量,另一方面明显提高茶叶的品质,绿茶游离氨基酸含量、乌龙茶的香气成分和红茶的茶红素与茶黄素等品质成分都有不同程度的增加;施用钾肥还能提高茶树抗旱和抗病能力。适当施用氯化钾具有与硫酸钾类似的增产提质效果。研究结果表明包含钾、镁肥的平衡施肥是提高我国茶叶生产力的重要措施,初步提出了根据茶园土壤有效钾、镁含量的推荐施肥标准。 相似文献
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接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验研究接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质以及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,除可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量、植株磷含量和吸收量以外,施肥处理各项指标均优于对照。与单施化肥处理相比,化肥配施玉米秸秆直接还田导致玉米产量、农艺性状、品质和植株氮素与钾素含量下降,但接种菌剂能够改善农艺性状,降低减产幅度,而且能够改善玉米籽品质,提高植株氮素与钾素养分含量及吸收量。不同菌剂处理间以FSB2农艺性状较好,而品质和植株养分无明显差异。另外,化肥配施玉米秸秆直接还田能够增强土壤酶活性、提高土壤养分有效性,接种菌剂时效果更佳,在土壤养分方面以FSB2效果较好,而土壤酶无明显差异。说明接种降解菌剂有利于提高秸秆还田效果。 相似文献
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复合肥配施不同生物有机肥对土壤肥力及马铃薯产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2018,(2):96-100
马铃薯种植中长期大量施用复合肥,致使土壤有机质含量降低,土壤板结,抗病虫害能力减弱,品质下降,产量也难以进一步提高。为了发挥生物有机肥在马铃薯种植中改良土壤、提高产量和品质的有益作用,试验采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了复合肥配施生物有机肥后对土壤微生物含量、土壤肥力及马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,捷富宝牌复合肥减量施用和配施不同生物有机肥后均提高了土壤有益微生物数量、有机质含量、马铃薯产量和品质,其中捷富宝牌复合肥配施绿能牌生物有机肥(30 kg/667m~2捷富宝牌复合肥+80 kg/667m~2绿能牌生物有机肥)后土壤有益微生物亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌、乳酸菌和放线菌的数量最高,分别为常规施肥(只施60 kg/667m~2捷富宝牌复合肥)的43.33,4.72,3.25和27.00倍;土壤有机质含量、马铃薯产量、淀粉、干物质和维生素C含量较常规施肥分别增加115.65%、10.14%、84.99%、51.05%和47.37%;土壤有害微生物反硝化细菌和霉菌数量最低,较常规施肥(CK)分别降低了91.88%和93.75%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量降幅最低,较常规施肥分别降低了11.57%、22.19%和20.87%。因此,捷富宝牌复合肥配施绿能牌生物有机肥后,不仅可以提高土壤有益微生物数量和土壤肥力,而且可以提高马铃薯产量和品质。 相似文献
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以白皮黄瓜特选白叶三为试材,研究EM生物菌剂处理的有机肥对大棚黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明：在不施用化学肥料的条件下,微生物菌剂处理的有机肥能明显提高黄瓜的产量和品质。EM生物菌剂处理猪粪肥料栽培黄瓜的增产效果最显著,营养品质和安全品质最好,与普通农家肥相比较,增产38.18%;同时黄瓜的Vc、可溶性糖的含量也明显提高,而硝酸盐含量有所降低,整体上提高了黄瓜的食用品质和安全品质。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):281-285
AbstractTwo cultivars of spinach and one cultivar of komatsuna were sand cultured using a nutrient solution with Na and K in various combinations. The growth (fresh weight of shoot) of spinach cv. Atlas was significantly increased when 1.4 mM KC1 of the 7 m M KO was replaced with 1.4 mM NaCl, although the growth was reduced when more KC1 was replaced with NaCl. In another spinach cv. All Right, however, NaCl substituting for 20% of KC1 showed no significant effects. In komatsuna, Na used in place of K at any ratio reduced the growth. The growth of spinach cv. Atlas was increased by applying 20 mM NaCl, irrespective of K dose (480 - 2400 mg K2O per 1/2000 a Wagner pot). The growth of spinach cv. All Right was also increased by 20 mM NaCl when K was at a deficient level (480 - 960 mg K20 per pot), but was not when K was at: an excessive level (1920 - 2400 mg K2O per pot). In komatsuna, 20 mM NaCl reduced the growth. In spinach, Na prevented the decrease of the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance caused by K deficiency. 相似文献
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百香果是海南省的新兴产业,也是我国多个省区扶贫攻坚的重要产业。病虫害是影响百香果产业的重要因素,随着海南百香果种植面积越来越大,病虫害对百香果产业的不利影响越来越凸显。由于缺乏百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定的基础性研究,许多种植户对田间发生的病虫害种类识别不足,从而影响了百香果病虫害的防控效果。为了摸清海南百香果种植区的病虫害种类,于2019—2021年对海南省儋州市、乐东县、屯昌县、文昌市、三亚市、东方市、保亭县、白沙县、海口市等百香果种植区的病虫害进行了系统调查与鉴定,并对其发生危害特点进行了研究。鉴定发现海南百香果种植区的病害有11种,分别是病毒病、茎基腐病、炭疽病、疮痂病、疫病、灰霉病、果腐病、褐斑病、烟煤病、藻斑病和缺镁。重要病害为病毒病和茎基腐病,危害程度分别为4级和3级,炭疽病和疮痂病危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他病害危害较轻。害虫有28种,分别是黄胸蓟马、茶黄蓟马、红带蓟马、美洲棘蓟马、普通大蓟马、咖啡木蠹蛾、美洲斑潜蝇、橘小实蝇、斜纹夜蛾、双线盗毒蛾、绿丽刺蛾、白带锯蛱蝶、烟粉虱、温室白粉虱、柑橘粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、藤壶蜡蚧、茶角盲蝽、樟颈曼盲蝽、稻绿蝽、中稻缘蝽、茶小绿叶蝉、丽球瓢蜡蝉、绿鳞象甲、眼斑芫菁、白条豆芫菁、甘薯梳龟甲和朱砂叶螨。重要害虫为黄胸蓟马和咖啡木蠹蛾,危害程度均为3级,茶黄蓟马和美洲斑潜蝇的危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他害虫危害较轻。软体动物3种,分别是灰巴蜗牛、同型巴蜗牛和一种尚未鉴定的蛞蝓。本研究明确了海南百香果种植区病虫害具体种类,新发现百香果病害1种和害虫24种,为海南百香果病虫害的精准防控提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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本试验采用4个品种(四单19、本玉9号、DH808、DH3149),2种密度(52500株/hm2、75000株/hm2),并在吐丝期分别进行减源限库处理,研究源库限制对玉米生长发育和产量品质的影响。结果表明:减源处理降低了单株叶面积,也降低了单株干物重。限库处理因库容减少,使得干物质略有增加,但不同品种对源库处理反应不一致。限库处理导致玉米子粒蛋白质含量明显增加,减源处理基本不变或略有增加;减源限库处理导致平展型玉米子粒的脂肪含量增加,而紧凑型品种保持不变或略有降低;减源处理导致淀粉含量的增加,而限库处理的影响相反,导致淀粉含量减少。 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献