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目前我国饲料安全存在的隐患及控制（上）——消除我国饲料安全的隐患已刻不容缓! 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
饲料的安全性是指饲料中不应存在对动物健康和生产性能造成危害的有毒有害物质和因子。评价一种饲料或成分是否安全,应看其是否对饲养动物的健康,生产性能造成损害;是否会在动物产品中残留,蓄积或转移而危害人体健康;是否会通过动物的排泄物而污染环境。饲料的安全问题已受到社会的广泛关注,近年来监督抽查结果反映出许多问题。少数生产厂家,商贩和养殖户违反饲料法规,在饲料生产和饲养过程中滥用违禁药品;超量,超范围使用兽药;对药物配伍禁忌和停药期的规定执行不够完善。同时,由于管理方面的法律、法规、标准体系不健全,检测手段不完善,监管不力,导致饲料生产、贮存、运输、使用等环节存在安全隐患,既给养殖业带来了严重的经济损失,又直接威胁着人民的身体健康。现阶段造成我国饲料安全隐患的原因多方面。三鹿奶粉事件又一次为我们敲响了警钟,说明不应该出现国家免检的食品,也不能出现免检的饲料。 相似文献
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饲料氨基酸的测定国标研制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
现代畜牧生产的根本目的就是利用人们可以提供的种种饲料生产动物蛋白(肉、蛋、奶、皮、毛等),而饲料蛋白的根本价值是提供动物蛋白生产的基础原料和基本单元———氨基酸。饲料中提供的氨基酸是否充足、比例是否得当,不仅影响动物的生长与健康、影响动物遗传性能的充分发挥、影响动物生产的效果和经济效益,还直接关系着肉、蛋、奶产品的质量、人类生存环境和资源的有效利用。因此,饲料氨基酸的分析、测定有着十分重大的意义,并已成为现代动物生产与科研不可短缺的重要工具。氨基酸的分析测定是一个较复杂的过程,需要建立一整套完善的检测方… 相似文献
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当今国内外饲料添加剂的发展及前景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
当今国内外饲料添加剂的发展及前景广州理想饲料科技开发中心陈阳城畜禽要获得最佳生产性能的重要因素是饲喂全价而平衡的日粮以满足特定年龄阶段动物的各种营养需要量，而添加剂常常用来提高的生产性能和或改善健康状况。动物对添加剂的反应取决于年龄、动物所处的环境、... 相似文献
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一、关于饲料产品质量 这里所说的质量,系指饲料产品的营养质量、卫生质量和加工质量。没有好的营养质量,饲料产品就无法满足动物营养需要,动物的健康和生产性能就会受损,养殖业主就不会获得好的经济效益。饲料产品的卫生质量不仅关系到被饲喂动物的安全和健康,同时会间接影响人的卫生、安全。合格、良好的加工质量是饲料产品营养、卫生质量的保障。我们强调饲料产品质量,是由于 相似文献
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饲料是供给被养殖动物生存、生长而生产的，养殖动物是人们肉、蛋、奶等饮食的主要来源。饲料产品是否安全卫生关系着被饲养动物的生命健康，也关系着人们的生命健康。在生活水平日益提高的今天，食物的安全卫生及生态环境的保护已成为人们关注的焦点。国务院１９９９年发布的《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》就是要加强对饲料产品质量的管理，使饲料产品安全、有效、不污染环境，从而促进饲料工业和养殖业的健康发展和保障人民的身体健康。修订后的新版GB１３０７８－２００１《饲料卫生标准》是为《条例》配套的技术性法规。它的发布为《条… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献