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1.
鹌鹑品种（系）的随机扩增多态性DNA指纹分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本研究以ＧＣ、Ｄ２０、Ｄ１４、Ｆ０７和Ｌ０１为随机引物，分析了五个鹌鹑品种（系）的随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ指纹，共得到５２条带，其中４０条带（７３％）具有多态性。计算了鹌鹑品种（系）间的遗传距离和群内遗传距离，构建了这些品种亲缘关系的树状图。结果表明：日本鹌鹑和法国Ｓ系的遗传距离最远，鹌鹑品种（系）内的遗传变异较大。 相似文献
2.
本试验利用ISSR标记研究南方45个葡萄主要栽培品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。从100条引物中筛选出26条带型清晰,多态性较高的引物,共扩增出310条带,多态性条带283条,平均多态性位点百分率为91%。利用UPGMA法构建聚类树状图,45个葡萄品种的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.603-0.908之间,在相似系数为0.703处将45个供试品种分为两个类群,欧亚种群和欧美杂种群。美峰与美秋的品种类型未知,二者与宇选4号的遗传相似系数分别为0.902和0.898,推测其属于欧美杂种的巨峰系列。金皇后归于欧亚种,其亲本来源有待进一步研究。 相似文献
3.
摘要：本文针对来源于荷兰的4个引进甜菜品种和国内的6个甜菜品系（其中2个为一年生野生甜菜）进行了ISSR指纹图谱构建和聚类分析研究。筛选出稳定性高且多态性好的6个引物用于试验。利用筛选的6条引物ISSR-PCR 共扩增出51个条带, 其中多态性条带百分率为86.3%. 利用该6条引物ISSR-PCR建立的指纹图谱能将试验中的全部甜菜品种都鉴定区分开。只利用2条引物L1和UBC846 扩增的8个多态性条带构建了10个甜菜品种（系）的数字指纹识别码,该数字指纹图谱能完全区分10个甜菜品种（系）,结果显示ISSR 指纹图谱能非常有效的鉴定不同的甜菜品种。利用生物软件NTSYS-pc针对10个试验甜菜品种（系）的ISSR 扩增条带进行遗传相似性聚类分析,结果显示10个甜菜品种（系）的相似系数为0.43与0.83之间,平均为0.62。利用非加权组平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类分析,结果显示10个甜菜品种（系）聚类为2个组和3个亚组。UPGMA 聚类分析能清楚的显示10个甜菜群体间的遗传关系并且聚类结果与10个甜菜群体的特性一致, 说明ISSR标记能用于甜菜不同群体间遗传距离的评估。 相似文献
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5.
中国南瓜海南农家品种资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为系统评价中国南瓜海南农家品种资源,通过表型变异结合ISSR和SRAP分子标记技术,对中国南瓜海南农家品种进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。表型分析结果表明,在所有观察的农艺性状中,除蔓性、生长势、果柄、果肉质地等4个性状外,其他性状在不同品种间均有不同程度的差异,平均变异系数为34.88%,其中果形的变异最大,部分农艺性状间存在显著的相关性;使用UPGMA法聚类分析可依据叶片大小、叶色和叶尖将28份材料划分为2个类群。ISSR标记和SRAP标记所揭示的遗传多样性水平基本一致,均表明供试品种间存在较大的遗传变异。基于ISSR标记,所有供试品种间的Nei's基因多样性指数H为0.1943,多态性条带百分率PPB为62.90%;基于SRAP标记,H=0.2258,PPB=61.50%;2种标记的UPGMA聚类结果存在显著的相关性,均可将供试品种分为5类,但是其聚类结果与表型分析结果之间相关性较低。综合2种标记的扩增结果,各品种间的平均遗传相似性系数GS值为0.7741,海13和海17亲缘关系最近,而海30与海18遗传基础差异最大。供试中国南瓜海南农家品种间存在较丰富的遗传变异,ISSR和SRAP标记均能有效应用于中国南瓜海南农家品种遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究。研究结果为中国南瓜海南农家品种保护和创新利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
用ISSR分析四川苎麻品种(系)间的遗传关系及雄性不育分子标记的建立 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文从100条ISSR引物中筛选出21条引物,对8个四川苎麻品种(系)间的遗传关系进行了分析。PCR扩增结果表明,21条引物在8份材料中共扩增出86条带,平均每条引物扩增出4.1条,其中多态性位点71个,各引物扩增出的位点数3~8个不等,平均每条引物可以检测到3.4个多态性位点。聚类分析和遗传距离分析结果表明,供试品种川7、川8与其亲本遗传距离较远。3个杂交品种(川7、川8、川9)均表现特有的偏父本遗传现象。此外,本研究用ISSR引物U835筛选到了1个雄性不育分子标记,并将其扩增产物克隆测序,结果表明该序列大小为658bp。根据该序列,此标记被转化成稳定的SCAR标记,可用于苎麻雄性不育分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
7.
磨芋属（Amorphophallus）RAPD标记遗传多样性研究初报 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对磨芋（魔芋）属内野生种和栽培种共20份材料进行基因组DNA多态性分析，用34个随机引物扩增，有23个扩增出的产物电泳图谱较清晰，共获得266个位点（DNA片段），其中259个具有多态性。供试材料所用23个的的扩增产物都存在种间多态性。7个引物扩增出的产物中有11条DNA片段在花磨芋种内样品（系统）间也存在多态性。以RAPD标记资料计算获得的传相似系数（Jaccard相似系数，Sj）进行UPGMA聚类分析，结果表明：花磨芋种内系统间差异最小，Sj系数在0.97-1.00间；两份甜磨芋材料间没有差异，Sj为1.00。在已知的种间，两个栽培种花磨芋和甜魔芋间亲缘关系最近，Sj在0.83-0.85间，与另一个栽培种白魔芋间亲缘关系都较远，Sj在0.62-0.66间，栽培种与野生种间亲缘关系都较远，Sj在0.48-0.64间。在野生种中，结节磨芋与栽培种系统间关系最远，Sj在0.48-0.54间，未定名4个野生种Sj在0.64-0.89间，系统A.sp05与A.sp06关系最近，Sj为0.89，其次是A.sp01与A.sp^*,Sj为0.73。根据亲缘关系树状图，当遗传相似系数Sj在0.55-0.60之间时，20份材料刚好划分为栽培种与野生种两个类群。 相似文献
8.
本研究采用SRAP标记对主要来自中国西南地区（四川,重庆,贵州和云南）的43份扁穗牛鞭草种质资源的遗传多样性进行了分析。试验筛选出了11对引物组合对43份供试材料进行扩增,共获得153条带,其中多态性条带140条,多态性条带比率为91.50%,平均每对引物扩增出条带13.91,多态性条带12.73。实验数据结果表明,43份扁穗牛鞭草材料间的遗传相似系数（GS）为0.565～0.992,平均值为0.723,表现出了丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,各供试材料间的聚类与其地理来源以及形态特征类型具有一定的相关性。同时,主成分分析结果能够直观的反映了各种质间的遗传关系。5个扁穗牛鞭草地理类群间的分子方差分析（AMOVA）揭示了供试的扁穗牛鞭草总遗传变异的85.99%存在于类群内,仅有14.01%的变异存在于类群之间,类群间的分化系数ΦST=0.140。本研究结果为扁穗牛鞭草种质的收集、利用及育种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
9.
以4个茶树品种福鼎大白茶、鸠坑、龙井43和乌牛早7a生植株为研究对象,采用人工气候箱模拟高温（35℃和40℃）处理6、12、18、24、48h,取出后置于人工气候箱中（25℃）恢复3、6、9d,以未经高温处理置于人工气候箱中（温度25℃）的各品种茶树为对照（CK）,测定茶树叶片的最大净光合速率、荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及细胞伤害率。结果表明：高温胁迫显著抑制了茶树的最大净光合速率（Pnmax）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）,处理时间越长、温度越高,Pnmax和Fv/Fm下降越快,除35℃处理的福鼎大白茶外,其它3种茶树经过高温处理后,在恢复期间其Fv/Fm无法恢复至正常水平;茶树叶片的SOD酶活性在高温处理的前12h迅速上升,随着处理时间的延长,其活性降低;叶片MDA含量的平均值在高温处理第48小时达到最大,恢复期间缓慢下降;随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,各茶树叶片的细胞伤害率均呈增加趋势。4种茶树耐热性的强弱由高到低依次为福鼎大白茶＞乌牛早＞鸠坑＞龙井43。 相似文献
10.
以4个茶树品种福鼎大白茶、鸠坑、龙井43和乌牛早7a生植株为研究对象,采用人工气候箱模拟高温（35℃和40℃）处理6、12、18、24、48h,取出后置于人工气候箱中（25℃）恢复3、6、9d,以未经高温处理置于人工气候箱中（温度25℃）的各品种茶树为对照（CK）,测定茶树叶片的最大净光合速率、荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及细胞伤害率。结果表明：高温胁迫显著抑制了茶树的最大净光合速率（Pnmax）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）,处理时间越长、温度越高,Pnmax和Fv/Fm下降越快,除35℃处理的福鼎大白茶外,其它3种茶树经过高温处理后,在恢复期间其Fv/Fm无法恢复至正常水平;茶树叶片的SOD酶活性在高温处理的前12h迅速上升,随着处理时间的延长,其活性降低;叶片MDA含量的平均值在高温处理第48小时达到最大,恢复期间缓慢下降;随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,各茶树叶片的细胞伤害率均呈增加趋势。4种茶树耐热性的强弱由高到低依次为福鼎大白茶＞乌牛早＞鸠坑＞龙井43。 相似文献
11.
Paula Martins-Lopes José Lima-Brito Sónia Gomes Julieta Meirinhos Luís Santos Henrique Guedes-Pinto 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):117-128
Thirty Portuguese and eight foreign olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars were screened using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.
Twenty RAPD primers amplified 301 reproducible bands of which 262 were polymorphic; and 17 ISSR primers amplified 204 bands
of which 180 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands detected by ISSR and RAPD was similar (88 and 87%, respectively).
The genetic variability observed was similar in the Portuguese and foreign olive cultivars. Seven ISSR and 12 RAPD primers
were able to distinguish individually all 38 olive cultivars. Twenty specific molecular markers are now available to be converted
into Sequence Characterised Amplified Region (SCAR) markers. Relationships among Portuguese and foreign cultivars is discussed. 相似文献
12.
L. S. Rao P. Usha Rani P. S. Deshmukh P. A. Kumar S. K. Panguluri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1235-1244
Detection of genetic relationships between 19 chickpea cultivars and five accessions of its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky were investigated by using RAPD and ISSR markers. On an average, six bands per primer were observed in RAPD analysis
and 11 bands per primer in ISSR analysis. In RAPD, the wild accessions shared 77.8% polymorphic bands with chickpea cultivars,
whereas they shared 79.6% polymorphic bands in ISSR analysis. In RAPD analysis 51.7% and 50.5% polymorphic bands were observed
among wild accessions and chickpea cultivars, respectively. Similarly, 65.63% and 56.25% polymorphic bands were found in ISSR
analysis. The dendrogram developed by pooling the data of RAPD and ISSR analysis revealed that the wild accessions and the
ICCV lines showed similar pattern with the dendrogram of RAPD analysis. The ISSR analysis clearly indicated that even with
six polymorphic primers, reliable estimation of genetic diversity could be obtained, while nearly 30 primers are required
for RAPD. Moreover, RAPD can cause genotyping errors due to competition in the amplification of all RAPD fragments. The markers
generated by ISSR and RAPD assays can provide practical information for the management of genetic resources. For the selection
of good parental material in breeding programs the genetic data produced through ISSR can be used to correlate with the relationship
measures based on pedigree data and morphological traits to minimize the individual inaccuracies in chickpea. 相似文献
13.
S. Ghariani N. Trifi-Farah M. Chakroun S. Marghali M. Marrakchi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):809-815
The genetic diversity in Tunisian perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was examined by the help of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Starting from eighteen accessions, a large number of polymorphic ISSR markers were currently generated using appropriate primers (a total of 136, which average of 12.6 polymorphic bands/primer). These markers were considered to estimate the genetic distance among accessions and to draw phylogenetic trees. Our data provide evidence of a high degree of genetic diversity in Tunisian ryegrass. In addition, both cultivars and wild types present a high degree of divergence suggesting a complex domestication process in this crop. Moreover, spontaneous populations of Tunisian ryegrass have been identified as important ecotypes that are suitable in selection programs to improve grasslands. 相似文献
14.
Ilaria Marotti Alessandra Bonetti Maurizio Minelli Pietro Catizone Giovenni Dinelli 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):175-188
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and a semi-random PCR system were used to analyze
the genetic diversity of 16 Italian common bean landraces and their relationship to four commercial cultivars. Of the primers
tested, 8 ISSR, 6 RAPD and 7 semi-random primers produced polymorphic and reproducible DNA fragments. A higher proportion
of polymorphic bands were observed using ISSR (85%) and semi-random (90%) primers than RAPD (69%) method. The combination
of any two semi-random markers allowed the identification of all 20 bean genotypes. In contrast ISSR (except for primer (CAC)3GC) and RAPD markers appeared to be less informative as more than two markers were necessary to achieve the same diagnostic
level. Moreover, 7 ISSR, 2 RAPD and 8 semi-random exclusive bands were identified as putative population-specific markers.
Semi-random and ISSR derived dendrograms showed similar tendencies in terms of genetic relatedness, whereas clustering of
genotypes within groups was not similar when compared with the RAPD technique. Despite the different ability to resolve genetic
variation among the investigated landraces, two major clusters with less than 60% (ISSR) and 40% (RAPD and semi-random) genetic
similarity were formed with all three marker systems. The two groups were correlated with the phaseolin patterns and seed
size of the landraces. The analysis showed that the cultivar ȁ8Lingua di Fuocoȁ9 and most of the landraces (13 out of 16)
collected in Italy belong to the Andean gene pool, whereas only the three populations from Pratomagno belong to the Middle
American gene pool. 相似文献
15.
This study characterized the genetic diversity of 18 Tunisian fig cultivars using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Both random and ISSR primers tested generated a total of 116 RAPD and 47 ISSR markers.
Considerable genetic variation was observed among fig cultivars sampled from two regional Tunisian collections with an average
diversity of 4.57. RAPD and ISSR banding patterns and genetic distances values reflected the high level of diversity among
the collections and lower variability between the two collections. The correlation between the RAPD and ISSR similarity matrices
computed for the 153 pairwise comparisons among the 18 varieties was lower and significant. An analysis of molecular variance
showed that 92% of the total genetic diversity resided within collections, whereas only 8% between collections. The results
indicated that in the local fig germ plasm the information provided by RAPD and ISSR is not analogous, most likely as a consequence
of the fact that the two classes of markers explore, at least in part, different portions of the genome. 相似文献
16.
Ujihara T Taniguchi F Tanaka J Hayashi N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1557-1564
To develop cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers for cultivar identification of the tea leaf, 5 primer pairs designed on the basis of genes that encode proteins related to nitrogen assimilation and 26 primer pairs based on expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences of the root of tea plant were screened. From combinations of primer pair and restriction enzyme that showed polymorphism among tea plants, 16 markers were selected and applied to DNA fingerprinting of Japanese tea cultivars. Sixty-three cultivars, except for a bud sport (Kiraka) and its original cultivar (Yabukita) and a pair that was the progeny of the same crossing parent (Harumoegi and Sakimidori), were distinguished from one another. By combining the 16 markers with previously developed CAPS markers and observing the physical appearance, 67 cultivars were distinguishable. The cultivars involve approximately 95% of total tea cultivating area in Japan; therefore, about 95% of tea leaves produced in Japan can be authenticated by labeling their cultivars. 相似文献
17.
为进一步明确菊属野生种与栽培品种的遗传关系和多样性,本研究利用ISSR分子标记技术对菊属11个野生种和12个栽培品种之间的遗传关系进行比较分析。从75个ISSR引物中筛选出了14个引物,对供试材料的DNA进行扩增,共获得142条清晰可辨的谱带,多态位点比率为95.1%;菊属野生种的平均有效等位基因数（effective number of alleles,Ne）、平均Nei＇s基因多样性指数（Nei’s gene diversity,H）及Shannon信息指数（shannon’s information index,I）均高于栽培菊花,说明各野生种间基因差异比较显著,多态性强于栽培品种。UPGMA聚类结果表明：菊属野生种呈现由低倍向高倍进化的趋势;栽培菊花之间遗传关系复杂,大体可以推断出平瓣是菊花的基本瓣形;菊花脑与栽培菊花亲缘关系最近,小红菊、龙脑菊、若狭滨菊与栽培菊花关系亦较近,神农香菊与其它材料关系最远。本研究的结果表明菊属野生种与栽培品种之间遗传关系比较复杂,而ISSR分子标记技术可以较好地从分子水平上揭示出菊属植物间的遗传关系。 相似文献
18.
Yu-Xia Yang Wei Wu You-Liang Zheng Li Chen Ren-Jian Liu Chun-Yan Huang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1043-1051
Genetic diversity and relationships among 48 safflower accessions were evaluated using 22 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR)
primers. A total of 429 bands were amplified, and 355 bands (about 82.7%) were polymorphic. Five to forty-one polymorphic
bands could be amplified by each primer, with an average of 16.1 polymorphic bands per primer. The results showed that the
polymorphism of the safflower germplasm was higher at the DNA level. All the 48 accessions could be distinguished by ISSR
markers and were divided into 9 groups based on ISSR GS by using UPGMA method. The genetic relationships among the accessions
from different continents were closer. Comparatively, the genetic diversity of the accessions originated from Asia was higher,
from Europe assembled. The results also showed that the genetic variation of accessions from Indian and Middle Eastern safflower
diversity centers were relatively higher. ISSR is an effective and promising marker system for detecting genetic diversity
among safflower and give some useful information on its phylogenic relationships. 相似文献