共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
随着人们生活水平的不断提高,饮食日趋精细,缺乏膳食纤维的情况也日趋严重,膳食纤维资源的开发和应用成为研究热点。从化学构成、提取工艺、改性应用等方面综述了苹果膳食纤维,论述了提取中各工艺的特点,并介绍了不同提取方法的最佳工艺。 相似文献
2.
郭敏 《农产品加工．学刊》2019,(5)
采用化学方法从大豆豆渣中提取水溶性膳食纤维,研究了碳酸钠溶液浓度、提取时间、提取温度和提取液用量4个因素,以及不同沉淀剂对水溶性膳食纤维提取量的影响,并确立了制备水溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为碳酸钠质量分数3%,浸提温度80℃,提取液用量25 m L/g,提取时间60 min。 相似文献
3.
4.
《农产品加工．学刊》2017,(23)
以榆黄蘑为原料,采用碱法提取榆黄蘑中可溶性膳食纤维,研究碱液质量浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取温度对可溶性膳食纤维得率的影响,通过正交试验优化出的最佳提取工艺条件为碱液质量浓度2 g/100 mL,料液比1∶25,提取时间80 min,提取温度70℃。在此条件下,榆黄蘑可溶性膳食纤维得率达到15.03%。 相似文献
5.
以麦麸为原料进行膳食纤维提取的技术已有较为成熟的研究。对影响麦麸膳食纤维提取的4个主要因素(α-淀粉酶添加量、氢氧化钠添加量、提取温度、提取时间)进行了研究。以提取率为基准,结果表明,当α-淀粉酶添加量0.4%,氢氧化钠添加量4%,提取时间100 min,提取温度70℃时,麦麸中的膳食纤维的提取率最高,可达56.37%。 相似文献
6.
响应面法优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以残次哈密大枣为原料,采用酶重量法提取不溶性膳食纤维,在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,以不溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,设计三因素三水平响应面分析试验,优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺参数,同时建立并分析各个因素与对应变量的数学模型。结果表明,提取残次枣不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量0.5%,中性蛋白酶添加量0.6%,液料比27∶1,酶解温度50℃,酶解40 min。在此条件下,残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维得率可达13.04%。 相似文献
7.
《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(10)
脐橙皮含有大量的膳食纤维,可作为制作膳食纤维食品的优质原料。充分利用废弃的脐橙皮,能够避免造成大量资源浪费和环境污染,提升这类资源的附加值。阐述膳食纤维的分类及化学组成、膳食纤维的提取与改性方法、膳食纤维的作用及应用,为制备高质量脐橙皮膳食纤维和功能性的挖掘提供一定理论依据。 相似文献
8.
以荔枝渣为原料,采用酶-化学提取技术从荔枝渣中提取、纯化膳食纤维。在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化酶-化学法的工艺条件,再把提取、纯化所得的荔枝渣膳食纤维进行物化性质的测定。结果表明,提取、纯化荔枝渣膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件是当α-淀粉酶质量分数为0.4%,酶处理温度为65℃,酶处理时间为75 min,碱液质量分数为0.25%,碱液处理温度为60℃,碱液处理时间为30 min时,提取率最高为36.35%;物化性质测定结果显示膨胀率为1.64 mL/g,持水率为4.86,且膨胀率和持水性都较荔枝壳膳食纤维好。 相似文献
9.
《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(8)
以红枣为原料,经过水提醇沉工艺得到红枣可溶性膳食纤维,同时运用单因素统计方法优化提取工艺;运用正交统计方法优化提取工艺制备红枣可溶性膳食纤维饮料。最佳提取工艺条件确定为料液比1∶3,提取时间30 min,提取温度60℃,可溶性膳食纤维得率60%。优化得出工艺参数为可溶性膳食纤维含量6 g/100 m L,蔗糖含量3 g/100 m L,柠檬酸添加量1.5%,黄原胶添加量0.06%。 相似文献
10.
以黑玉米皮为原料,采用响应面法优化超声波法提取水溶性膳食纤维的工艺参数,得出最佳工艺条件:提取时间为32 min,料液比为1∶11,提取温度为60℃,超声波功率为700 W,此条件下提取的膳食纤维提取率最高,为53.8%。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
20.
Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献