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1.
棉花纤维相关性状的主基因-多基因混合遗传分析 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
本研究对棉花的衣分、铃重、子指等性状进行了主基因－多基因模型的Ｐ１、Ｐ２、Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１、Ｂ２六世代联合分析。从估算不同性状的爱氏信息准则（ＡＩＣ）值出发，对ＡＩＣ值最小模型进行适合性检验和混合模型参数估计，结果说明衣分、铃重、子指皆为一个主基因－多基因遗传，但其主基因、多基因遗传率及基因加性、显性效应随杂交组合、杂交母本、回交母本等的不同而有较大差异。此外，性状间的遗传相关分析说明，衣分、纤维量、短绒量与铃重间都存在显著或极显著的表现型、基因型及加性正相关，而铃重与子指间各项基因效应分量相关不显著 相似文献
2.
显性无腺体与隐性无腺体陆地棉品种间杂种二代利用研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
利用４个隐性低酚棉品系为母本，５个显性无腺体品系为父本，按不完全双列杂交（ＮＣⅡ）设计配制２０个组合，利用亲本、Ｆ１和Ｆ２材料采用ＡＤＡＡ模型研究表明，衣分以加性效应为主，其余产量及产量构成因素以显性遗传效应为主。子棉产量和铃重有较低的上位遗传效应。纤维品质性状中，绒长与整齐度以显性遗传效应为主，绒长还存在少量上位效应；比强度与伸长率仅存在显著的加性遗传效应，麦克隆值以加性遗传效应为主。Ｆ１皮棉产量、第一次收花率、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的群体超亲优势平均值分别为：２７．９％、１８．７％、１６．２％、９．７％和１％，Ｆ２分别为：１０．８％、５．１％、４．５％、４．６％和－１．２％。Ｆ１绒长的群体平均优势为２．５％，比强度和伸长率为－１．８和０．８％，麦克隆值和整齐度分别为－０．２％和－２．７％。Ｆ２绒长略呈下降趋势，比强度、伸长率和麦克隆值Ｆ２与Ｆ１相近，整齐度Ｆ２略优于Ｆ１。表明了显性无腺体基因的杂种优势利用前景广阔。 相似文献
3.
温热玉米杂交种基本营养生长期遗传的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用２个温热杂交组合的Ｐ１,Ｐ２、Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１,ＢＣ２６个世代材料,对玉米抽雄、散粉、叶丝期进行遗传研究。结果表明,不同温热杂交组合基本营养生长期的遗传特点不同。由对光周期反应较迟钝的亚热带自交系ＣＭＬ３２２所配成的温热杂交组合,其基本营养生长期较之亲本有明显提早的趋势,符合加性－显性遗传模式;温带冒充地亚热带晚呈显性或部分显性;对光周期反应敏感的亚热带自交系ＣＭＬ３１２表现异常,基本营养生长期指标在自交系内及其Ｆ１内变异较大;对含有杂合基因型分离世代Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１,ＢＣ２的比较可见,明显表现杂合基因型倾早的遗传特点,温带遗传成分在杂种后代中所占的比重,对基本营养生长期的提早和光周期钝感表现出剂量效应。 相似文献
4.
陆地棉种子性状直接效应和母体效应的遗传分析 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：14
采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法，分析了陆地棉５个品种及其配制的Ｆ１、Ｆ２和正反回交一代（ＢＣ１、ＢＣ２、ＲＢＣ１和ＲＢＣ２）世代籽指、种仁率、容重和油分４个种子性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明，４个棉子性状的遗传均以母体效应为主，种子直接遗传效应作用较小。各性状的直接效应与母体效应的协方差不显著。通过母体植株的遗传表现对这些性状选择更为有效。可以根据籽指小和容量大等性状母体植 相似文献
5.
夏大豆F2代农艺和光合性状的遗传模型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用增广ＮＣＩＩ设计，对黄淮海流域的９个夏大豆高产品种（系）Ｆ２代农艺和光合性状进行了遗传模型分析。结果表明：株高、主茎节数、株粒数、百粒重、光合强度、气孔导度的遗传符合加性－显性模型；株荚数、单株粒重符合加性－显性－上位性模型；分枝数具有显著的上位性效应和一定的显性度。文中并分析了增、减效等位基因在亲本中的分布，讨论了遗传模型分析在杂交育种中的应用。 相似文献
6.
不同世代小麦花药培养的遗传效应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实验用4个小麦杂交组合的6个不同世代群体为材料分别进行花药培养,对各材料出愈率、绿苗率、白苗率和白苗/绿苗比4个性状的世代平均值进行多元回归分析。结果表明:各组合出愈率存在明显的显性效应和显性×显性互作;绿苗率以加性效应和显性效应为主;白苗率则主要受上位性效应的影响.从而提出在小麦花药培养中注意利用杂种优势可以提高出愈率和绿苗率;选择一般配合力高的亲本杂交可以提高绿苗率,但对白苗率无多大影响。本文对同一性状不同组合、同一组合不同性状的遗传构成以及遗传因素对花粉白苗的影响等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
8.
新疆高品质陆地棉纤维品质性状遗传分析研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以9-1696×CCRI 35配置单交组合及其衍生世代,利用该组合的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2 6世代群体的纤维品质性状,采用世代平均值法、主-多基因混合遗传模型分离分析法对该组合纤维长度、整齐度、比强度和伸长率4个纤维品质性状做遗传分析。结果表明：（1）4个纤维品质性状均以加性遗传为主,同时检测出显著的上位性效应。经模型适合性检验,纤维长度和伸长率两个纤维品质性状符合加性－显性－上位性遗传模型。比强度和整齐度性状符合加性－上位性遗传模型。（2）比强度和伸长率符合两对加性－显性－上位性主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型,其主基因遗传率分别为：比强度（47.80%）、伸长率（20.07%）。纤维长度和整齐度遗传受主基因和多基因共同控制。 相似文献
9.
短季棉主要农艺性状的遗传分析 总被引：28，自引：11，他引：17
选用5个早熟不早衰的短季棉品种和5 个早衰的短季棉品种进行部分双列杂交。通过对亲本、F1 和F2 代分别于2001 年和 2002 年两年田间试验研究。结果表明:子棉产量、皮棉产量和衣分3个性状以显性效应为主,其次为加性效应,同时还存在极显著的加性上位性与环境的互作效应,单铃重和成铃数以显性效应为主;与早熟有关的诸性状,生育期、始花期、铃期和果枝始节4个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,霜前花率以显性效应×环境互作效应为主,同时存在显著的加性上位效应,落叶株率以加性与加性互作上位性为主,落叶指数以加性效应为主;与纤维品质有关的诸性状,2.5%跨长、比强度、伸长率3个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,同时还存在着加性、上位性与环境的互作效应;同时还研究了产量、早熟性和纤维品质各性状之遗传和表型相关关系。 相似文献
10.
小黑麦产量性状的遗传和相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以6个小黑麦品种（系）为亲本材料，按GriffingⅡ方法配制杂交组合，对亲本、F1、F2的产量性状进行了遗传分析，结果表明：千粒重的遗传由加性效应和显性效应共同控制，株高由加性效应起主要作用，而单株产量、每穗粒数和穗下节间长除由加性效应和显性效应控制外，还可能受上位性效应和环境效应控制。除新小黑麦4号外，其它亲本的大部分性状的显性效应预测值达到了负的极显著水平，预示着这些亲本杂种后代的产量性状将有明显的自交衰退现象。新小黑麦3号、新小黑麦4号的单株产量、千粒重、株高和穗下节间长的加性效应达到了极显著水平，因此这两个品种宜作为改良产量性状的骨干亲本。性状相关分析表明，大多数成对性状的各项相关系数为正值，且多以加性遗传相关为主，提高每穗粒数和千粒重可以有效增加产量。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献