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1.
山菠菜胆碱单加氧酶基因对棉花的遗传转化和耐盐性表达 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
胆碱单加氧酶（CMO）是渗透保护剂甜菜碱生物合成的关键酶之一。以棉花（Gossypium hirsutium L.）泗棉3号的下胚轴切段为外植体，利用农杆菌介导法将克隆自山菠菜（Atriplex hortensis）的AhCMO基因导入其中，通过组织培养胚状体发生途径获得转基因再生植株。以0.5%卡那霉素对再生苗筛选后，PCR检测抗卡那霉素棉苗确认阳性转化株，Southern和Northern杂交结果进一步证实外源基因已导入棉花并得到表达。在温室盆栽条件下，于2片真叶期对转AhCMO基因棉花及其转化受体泗棉3号施加0.5%的NaCl胁迫，15 d后发现其光合作用和植株生长被显著抑制，非转基因棉花泗棉3号的株高、鲜重和光合速率分别降低了57.6%、65.6%和69.9%，而转AhCMO基因的棉株分别降低了37.3%、54.6% 和47.9%。转AhCMO棉花所受盐害程度显著小于非转基因的棉株，说明AhCMO基因的导入和表达提高了转基因棉花的耐盐性。 相似文献
2.
利用PLFA方法研究转 Bt 基因棉花对土壤微生物群落结构变化的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在大田条件下,用3个转Bt基因棉花品种和一个常规品种,利用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）方法研究转Bt基因棉花对土壤微生物群落结构变化的影响。试验结果表明,转基因棉花增加了土壤微生物PLFA的含量。转基因棉花降低了棉田土壤格兰氏阳性细菌的比例,提高棉田土壤的真核生物、真菌和放线菌的比例;转基因棉花在蕾期提高了土壤原生动物比例,在吐絮期比例反而降低;转基因棉花在蕾期提高了棉田土壤格兰氏阴性细菌的比例,吐絮期则降低了格兰氏阴性细菌的比例。主成分分析和聚类分析表明,转Bt基因棉花对土壤微生物群落结构变化有明显影响。PLFA方法可作为转基因生态安全评价的一种方法。 相似文献
3.
4.
对转双价基因(Cry1Ac CpTI)、转单价基因(Cry1Ac)抗虫棉以及常规棉3种基因型棉花光合产物生产和积累分配规律研究表明,3种基因型棉花光合速率峰值均出现在蕾期和花期,但峰值差异不显著。转基因棉花(单价和双价)花前光合产物积累量降低是生物学产量降低的主要原因;花后光合产物输出率提高是转基因棉花维持产量的主要因素。转基因棉花大量花后光合产物束缚在铃壳中导致转基因棉花铃重较低。在转基因棉花育种中,应加强花前光合产物积累量和花后光合产物棉铃有效利用率的选择。 相似文献
5.
为了给转Bt基因棉花在科研和生产上多世代可持续利用提供依据,以转Bt基因棉花品种银山8号为试验材料,从2005年开始,连续16年进行跟踪研究。结果表明,随种植世代的增加,生物测定银山8号第2～4代棉铃虫幼虫校正死亡率、铃期叶片和铃期小铃杀虫蛋白表达量均有不同程度的线性上升趋势,同时皮棉产量线性回归也呈增长趋势;苗期叶片、蕾期叶片和蕾期小蕾杀虫蛋白表达量呈线性下降趋势。相关性分析表明,抗虫棉的抗虫性与皮棉产量间均呈正相关,株铃数和衣分是构成皮棉产量的重要因子,与皮棉产量的相关性分别达到极显著和显著水平。外源Bt基因转入棉花后能稳定遗传给后代,通过卡那霉素鉴定和系统选择可以持续保持转Bt基因棉花多世代的抗虫性,甚至通过提纯复壮逐年优选,可实现转Bt基因抗虫棉特定生育时期或部分棉花器官抗虫性的提高。 相似文献
6.
通过研究转双价基因(CryLAc CpTI)、转单价基因(CryLAc)抗虫棉以及常规棉3种基因型棉花光合产物生产和积累分配规律表明,3种基因型棉花光合速率峰值均出现在蕾期和花期,但峰值差异不显著。转基因棉花(单价和双价)花前光合产物积累量降低是生物学产量降低的主要原因;花后光合产物输出率提高是转基因棉花维持产量的主要因素。转基因棉花大量花后光合产物束缚在铃壳中导致转基因棉花铃重较低。在转基因棉花育种中应加强花前光合产物积累量和花后光合产物棉铃有效利用率的选择。 相似文献
7.
基因型差异对棉花光合产物生产和分配的影响及遗传改良研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
通过研究转双价基因(Cry1Ac CpTI)、转单价基因(Cry1Ac)抗虫棉以及常规棉三种基因型棉花光合产物生产和积累分配规律表明,三种基因型棉花光合速率峰值均出现在蕾期和花期,但峰值差异不显著。转基因棉花(单价和双价)花前光合产物积累量降低是生物学产量降低的主要原因;花后光合产物输出率提高是转基因棉花维持产量的主要因素。转基因棉花大量花后光合产物束缚在铃壳中导致转基因棉花铃重较低。在转基因棉花育种中应加强花前光合产物积累量和花后光合产物棉铃有效利用率的选择。 相似文献
8.
植酸酶基因PhyA对陆地棉产量性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在人工控制(培养基、水培、沙培)条件下,植酸酶基因PhyA具有分解利用培养基质植酸磷、提高磷素利用效率的功能,但在田间的表现目前尚未明确。在前期完成的PhyA转基因陆地棉新材料盆栽试验基础上,将其种植在田间条件下,研究PhyA基因对棉花产量性状的影响。结果表明,部分转基因棉花新材料的单株结铃数、铃重、衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量与野生型对照存在显著差异,PhyA在田间条件下具有改良转基因棉花部分产量性状的能力。在此基础上,遴选出2个转PhyA棉花优良新品系G3、G2,可用作今后转植酸酶基因棉花新品种培育的基础材料。 相似文献
9.
绿盲蝽危害后转Bt基因棉花嫩叶的几个生理指标变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以转Bt基因棉品系苏抗310和其轮回亲本泗棉3号为材料,研究绿盲蝽危害后转Bt基因棉花顶部嫩叶的几个相关生理指标的变化特征。结果表明：绿盲蝽危害后,棉花顶叶的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量显著降低,说明绿盲蝽危害后,棉花顶部嫩叶氮代谢受到一定破坏,引起叶绿素含量的下降,这对叶片成熟后光合作用是不利的。棉花顶部嫩叶受危害后,缩合单宁含量提高和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PLA）活性增强,表明棉花植株抵御盲蝽危害能力提高,但转Bt基因棉品系顶部嫩叶缩合单宁含量和PLA活性低于非转Bt基因棉品种;即使是绿盲蝽危害后的顶部嫩叶也均未达到非转Bt基因棉品种正常水平,这可能是导致转Bt基因棉盲蝽危害加重的原因之一。棉花顶部嫩叶受害后,非转Bt基因棉泗棉3号可溶性糖含量降低,而转Bt基因棉品系苏抗310升高;非转Bt基因棉品种受绿盲蝽危害后顶部嫩叶可溶性糖含量降低,不利于绿盲蝽的发生,而转Bt基因棉品系受危害后顶部嫩叶可溶性糖含量上升,不利于对绿盲蝽的危害控制,这可能是转Bt基因棉绿盲蝽危害重于非转Bt基因棉的又一原因。 相似文献
10.
转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab抗虫棉对3种害虫的存活、生长发育及中肠相关酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以转Cry1Ac基因棉花和常规非转基因棉花为对照,系统研究了转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉花对棉铃虫、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的存活、生长发育及中肠酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,与常规棉对照相比,转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉花和转Cry1Ac基因棉花叶片对3种害虫的慢性毒性差异较大,对每种害虫的抗性程度也有一定的差异;饲喂转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉花和转Cry1Ac基因棉花叶片的3种害虫幼虫生长发育进度明显缓慢、体重明显减轻,相关酶活性也有不同程度的变化,但每种酶的变化有一定的差异。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
16.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
M. Raj Ahuja 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):5-19
The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera
of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened
species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods
and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for
existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day
redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and
should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity. 相似文献
20.
The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs. 相似文献