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1.
水稻芽期与幼苗前期耐碱性状QTL定位 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用包含120个株系的籼粳交来源(春江06/TN1)的加倍单倍体群体, 在Na2CO3胁迫下, 以发芽期和幼苗前期的相对发芽势等10个性状作为耐碱性评价指标, 进行水稻耐碱性的QTL定位。相关性分析表明, 相对发芽势和相对发芽率显著正相关, 相对苗高、相对根数和相对根长之间显著正相关。采用QTLNetwork统计软件共定位到14个加性QTL和13个上位性QTL。在第3染色体RM251~RM3280间有2个QTL, 在第7染色体RM3286~RM1279区域有3个QTL; 在第1、2和7染色体同一位置同时检测到2个上位性QTL, 在第12染色体RM1246~RM5199之间集中了4个上位性QTL, 耐碱数量基因表现出一因多效或紧密连锁现象。耐碱性盐QTL可能包括两类, 一类与K+、Na+等离子胁迫有关, 另一类与高pH胁迫有关。不同类型的水稻品种都具有一些耐碱基因, 可以通过有性杂交和分子标记辅助选择的方法选育优良的耐碱品种。 相似文献
2.
应用籼稻品种明恢86和佳辐占为亲本建立的F2群体及相应的SSR分子标记连锁图,用区间定位法的Additive和Free两种模型分别对水稻部分重要农艺性状和产量构成性状的QTL进行了定位分析.结果Additive模型共检测到3个QTL,均位于第1号染色体的RM1-RM283区间,分别控制水稻生育期、株高和每穗粒数,基因成簇分布.Free模型共检测到5个QTL,其中控制水稻生育期、株高和每穗粒数的3个QTL的位置和效应大小与Additive模型基本相同;另外还检测到2个影响结实率和千粒重的QTL分别位于第7号染色体的RM180-RM214和第2号染色体的RM279-RM154区间,其贡献率均较小.同时,分析比较了研究结果与前人不同的原因. 相似文献
3.
陆地棉中G6主要性状主效和上位性QTL分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用基于混合线性模犁的复合区间作图法对重组近交系(recombinant inbreed line,RIL)"中G6"进行QTL定位,生育期性状共定位了主效QTL位点5个,上位性QTL位点4对,纤维品质性状定位了主效QTL位点1个,上位性QTL位点6对,产量性状定位了主效QTL位点3个,上位性QTL位点5对.其中定位的果枝始节、吐絮期、上半部平均长度、衣分的主效QTL位点均距离最近标记1 cM以下,这有利于在育种实践中主效QTL跟踪检测.定位的霜前花率主效QTL位点具有较高的加性效应和遗传贡献率,应进行QTL精细定位、图位克隆,将会对早熟性育种工作有一定的推动意义.定位的马克隆值、衣分和予指总的遗传贡献率均在30%以上,对性状特征均影响显著.对主效及上位性QTL位点进行遗传效应分析,验证了前人有关数量性状遗传符合主基因与多基因混合遗传的论断,认为此模型是研究数量性状遗传的有效途经;对主效及上位性QTL位点进行A、D亚基因组定位,并对主效及上位性QTL位点在A、D亚基因组上的分布及互作方式进行了详细的分析.全文认为上位性QTL位点和主效QTL位点一样在物种遗传变异和聚合育种中起着重要作用. 相似文献
4.
水稻抗纹枯病QTL表达的遗传背景及环境效应 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
利用水稻纹枯病菌强致病菌系RH-9人工接种Lemont导入到特青背景的213个近等基因导入系(TQ-ILs)群体和特青导入到Lemont背景的195个近等基因导入系(LT-ILs)群体,定位和分析了水稻抗纹枯病数量性状座位(quantitative trait loci, QTL)及其表达的环境与遗传背景效应。亲本Lemont对RH-9表现为高度感病,特青表现为中等抗病。人工接种后TQ-ILs群体的相对病斑高度(病斑高度与株高比)呈连续正态分布,LT-IL群体则明显偏向感病亲本Lemont。在不同年份和遗传背景下检测到影响纹枯病相对病斑高度的主效QTL 10个和互作QTL 13个,其中2006年在TQ-IL群体定位到的6个主效QTL在2007年均得到验证,表明这些QTL具有较好年度间的重复性。QSh4是唯一在双向导入系背景下表达的QTL,该位点特青等位基因降低相对病斑高度,提高抗性水平。在TQ-ILs群体中定位到位于第10染色体RM216~RM311区间的QSb10a与在LT-IL群体中定位到的位于相邻区间RM222~RM216的QSb10b的基因作用方向不同,推断这两个QTL存在紧密连锁关系。绝大多数在TQ-IL群体中表达的主效及互作QTL在LT-ILs群体中不表达,表明水稻抗纹枯病QTL具有明显的遗传背景效应。通过比较作图,本研究定位到的其中8个QTL在以往不同群体中同样被检测到,这些主效QTL对通过分子标记辅助选择(marker-assisted selection, MAS)培育水稻抗纹枯病育种可能具有应用价值。研究指出,标记辅助选择在不同遗传背景中能稳定表达的QTL或通过聚合不同抗病QTL是进一步提高水稻纹枯病抗性水平的一个有效途径。 相似文献
5.
为挖掘有育种利用价值的水稻株高新基因,以来源于‘Katy’/‘湘743’且在第1染色体RM11383-RM1198区间杂合的一个剩余杂合体RHL1030 (F10)为材料,遗传分析RHL1030衍生群体,显示在该区间鉴定到控制株高QTL,增效等位基因来自于‘湘743’。应用SSR标记检测,从RHL1030衍生群体筛选杂合区间分别为RM3411-RM11782和RM6703-RM1198的两个单株,自交一代形成2个F2群体,验证并界定株高QTL在RM6703-RM1198区间。从RM6703-RM1198区间分离群体筛选RM6703-RM8085区间杂合的3个单株和RM5389-RM1198区间杂合的1个单株,自交一代形成4个F2群体,从群体中分别筛选母本纯合型、父本纯合型和杂合型单株各40株构成近等基因系进行方差分析,最终界定株高QTL在RM11782-RM5389区间,物理位置34.17M~35.73 Mb。本研究定位到一个新的控制株高QTL,为改良水稻株型提供资源。 相似文献
6.
本文报道了水稻第1染色体长臂上微效千粒重QTL qTGW1.2的验证和分解。针对前期qTGW1.2定位结果, 应用SSR标记检测, 从籼籼交组合珍汕973/密阳46衍生的1个BC2F7分离群体中, 筛选到杂合区间分别为RM11621-RM297和RM212-RM265的2个单株, 构建了两套BC2F8:9近等基因系, 将qTGW1.2进一步界定在RM212-RM265及其两侧交换区间的区域内。在此基础上, 筛选出5个在目标区间内分离片段缩小且呈阶梯状排列的单株, 衍生了5套BC2F10分离群体, 应用Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5进行QTL分析。结果表明, 每套群体均检测到千粒重QTL, 加性效应为0.13~0.38 g, 来自密阳46的等位基因提高千粒重; 经比较各个群体的分离区间, 将qTGW1.2分解为互引连锁的2个QTL, 其中, qTGW1.2a位于RM11730和RM11762之间934 kb的区域内, 呈加性作用, qTGW1.2b位于RM11800和RM11885之间2.1 Mb的区域内, 呈正向超显性。 相似文献
7.
以将大面积应用的籼型恢复系蜀恢527和明恢86为轮回亲本,以另外3个水稻品种作为导入亲本,在回交种植的BC2F2世代,按照产量综合性状较优的原则,在6个群体选择单株,得到6个籼型恢复系的产量选择导入群体。通过对6个群体在合肥和海南试验点的田间株高性状的单双向方差分析,总共检测到0.01显著水平的12个主效QTL和145对上位互作,主效QTL和上位互作在不同群体之间表现出了遗传稳定性和群体和环境的特异性。一些位点通过上位互作和遗传连锁相互联系起来,构成了控制株高的协同互作的网络,又发现主效QTL与很多的参与上位互作位点紧密连锁或者直接参与了很多的上位互作,由此推断主效QTL是由于位点上位互作效应使之凸显出来。最后提出了改良水稻的株高提高水稻产量的策略。 相似文献
8.
十和田近等基因系糙米锌含量QTL定位 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以十和田为轮回亲本,丽粳2号为供体亲本培育出糙米锌含量近等基因系群体BC5F6为材料,从遍布水稻12条染色体上的600对引物中筛选到一个与糙米锌含量有关的SSR标记RM4608.根据其在水稻染色体上的位置,结合PCR扩增结果又发现了与糙米锌含量有关的4个SSR标记(RM19491,RM19489,RM6119和RM19487).用MAPMAKER3.0软件做出了这5个标记的连锁群,最后采用混合线性模型定位法找到了糙米锌含量的QTL位点.QTL分析结果显示:该位点位于6号染色体上RM4608和RM6119标记之间,贡献率为5%,为新发现的与糙米锌含量有关的微效基因位点,暂命名为qZINC-6.同时与糙米铬和镁含量有关的QTL位点也被发现,其中糙米铬含量QTL位于标记RM19489和RM19491之间,贡献率为9%,是一个主效基因;糙米镁含量QTL位于标记RM4608-RM6119之间,是一个微效基因,贡献率为4%. 相似文献
9.
模拟干旱条件下水稻苗期形态性状的QTL定位 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以抗旱性差异较大的亲本小白粳子和空育131以及其后代180个F2∶3家系群体为试验材料,构建了包含99个SSR分子标记的遗传连锁图谱,利用浓度为15％PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件.在两种条件下,共检测到影响胚芽鞘长、苗高、主根长和根数的QTL 26个,分别位于水稻的第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、12条染色体上,贡献率变幅在4.53％～37.22％之间.其中控制苗高的QTL11个,控制胚芽鞘长的QTL 5个,控制主根长的QTL 5个,控制根数的QTL 5个.在第2条染色体的RM1358-RM1347区间和第6条染色体上的RM461-RM162区间发现了控制多个性状的QTL,在第2条染色体的RM1358-RM1347区间和第8条染色体的RM1384-RM547区间还检测到了在两种条件下同时控制胚芽鞘长和主根长的QTL. 相似文献
10.
广亲和基因的发现,克服了籼粳交杂种不育的矛盾,但杂种后代株高过高、抽穗期延迟等问题仍然限制着籼粳亚种间杂种优势的利用。本试验利用一个籼粳交(珍汕97/武育粳2号)双单倍体群体(doublehaploidpopulation,DH系)及其分别与两亲本回交构建的两个回交群体,考查了株高和抽穗期的遗传,将三个群体的表型值和两个回交群体的中亲优势值进行了数量性状位点(quantitativetraitlocus,QTL)检测及效应分析,并对结果进行了比较。2个性状在3个相关群体中一共检测到了21个主效QTL和10个上位性QTL,主效QTL的数目和贡献率都比上位性QTL大,而且,在10个上位性QTL中,发生在2个主效QTL间的互作有3个,主效QTL与背景位点间的互作有6个,2个互补位点间的互作仅有1个,进一步说明了主效QTL在株高和抽穗期遗传中的重要作用。比较加性和非加性QTL的作用,发现加性效应、显性效应和上位性效应是籼粳亚种间杂种株高和生育期变化的共同遗传基础。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
16.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
M. Raj Ahuja 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):5-19
The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera
of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened
species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods
and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for
existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day
redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and
should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity. 相似文献
20.
The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs. 相似文献