共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
旨在优选超声波辅助提取干辣椒中辣椒素工艺。以辣椒素得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验初步确定乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间和料液比的较优范围,然后通过正交实验以及最佳方案验证性实验,优化筛选了超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取辣椒素工艺技术。结果表明,超声波辅助提取辣椒素的过程中,各因素对辣椒素得率影响的主次顺序为乙醇浓度＞料液比＞提取时间＞提取温度,最优工艺技术为乙醇浓度95%、提取温度60℃、提取时间45 min、料液比1:35,在该工艺条件下,辣椒素得率为0.87%,显著高于水浴浸提法提取得率0.43%,且验证性实验显示标准差为0.04%,相对偏差0.04%,说明实验重复性、稳定性好。 相似文献
2.
超声波辅助提取辣椒素工艺技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农学通报》2016,(11)
旨在优选超声波辅助提取干辣椒中辣椒素工艺。以辣椒素得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验初步确定乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间和料液比的较优范围,然后通过正交实验以及最佳方案验证性实验,优化筛选了超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取辣椒素工艺技术。结果表明,超声波辅助提取辣椒素的过程中,各因素对辣椒素得率影响的主次顺序为乙醇浓度料液比提取时间提取温度,最优工艺技术为乙醇浓度95%、提取温度60℃、提取时间45 min、料液比1:35,在该工艺条件下,辣椒素得率为0.87%,显著高于水浴浸提法提取得率0.43%,且验证性实验显示标准差为0.04%,相对偏差0.04%,说明实验重复性、稳定性好。 相似文献
3.
均匀设计法优化超声波提取蜂胶精油工艺条件的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
优选了超声波提取蜂胶精油工艺参数。以蜂胶精油得率为评价指标,采用均匀设计试验对超声波提取蜂胶精油提取工艺进行优选。结果表明,超声波辅助蜂胶精油提取的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度59℃,料液比为1:15,提取时间62 min,蜂胶精油得率达8.83%。 相似文献
4.
超声波辅助浸提木枣多糖优化工艺的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过正交试验,研究了超声波功率、提取温度、提取时间、料液比和提取液pH值对木枣多糖得率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响程度依次为:提取液pH值>料液比>提取时间>提取温度>超声波功率;得到最佳工艺参数为:超声波功率为200W,料液pH值为9,料液比为1∶12,温度为50℃,提取时间为15min。在此参数条件下,木枣多糖提取得率为1.81%。 相似文献
5.
油菜蜂花粉醇提工艺的优化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本实验以未破壁和破壁油菜蜂花粉为材料,通过正交试验获得两种花粉最佳醇提工艺。未破壁和破壁油菜蜂花粉最佳醇提工艺分别为：固液比1:8、提取时间2 h、提取温度55℃、震荡频率145 rpm和固液比1:8、提取时间2 h、提取温度65℃,震荡频率145 rpm。在各自最佳醇提工艺条件下,未破壁和破壁花粉的平均提取率存在极显著差异（P<0.01）,分别为32.00％和43.16％。以破壁油菜蜂花粉为原料,可极显著地提高提取率。本文为油菜蜂花粉加工过程中普遍应用的醇提工艺环节,提供优化的工艺实验数据和原料选择的依据。 相似文献
6.
为优化苦荞麦黄酮的回流提取工艺,采用单因素和响应面试验研究回流法,研究乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取温度、提取时间对苦荞麦中黄酮提取效果的影响。研究表明,最佳提取工艺条件为液料比6 mL/g,提取时间30 min,提取温度40℃,乙醇体积分数56%。在此条件下,苦荞麦中黄酮得率为3.378 mg/g,验证值为3.434 mg/g,误差为1.66%。 相似文献
7.
采用超声波法对龙眼壳中黄酮类化合物进行提取,在单因素分析的基础上,采用正交试验优化工艺。结果表明,影响龙眼壳黄酮超声波提取主要因素为乙醇体积分数,其次为料液比、温度和提取时间。超声波提取的最佳工艺条件为提取剂乙醇体积分数为30%,料液比1:30,超声波时间为20 min,温度为70℃。 相似文献
8.
蜂胶具有消炎、杀菌及抗氧化等生理活性。通过对蜂胶有效成分黄酮提取工艺的研究表明,影响蜂胶总黄酮提取率的主要因素是提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数和料液比对提取率影响甚微。水浴条件下蜂胶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺是:提取温度60℃,提取时间3h,乙醇体积分数为80%,料液比1∶25,此条件下测得黄酮得率为43.50%。 相似文献
9.
玉米须黄酮超声波提取工艺优化及数学模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用正交试验的方法优化了玉米须黄酮的超声波提取工艺,同时对提取进行了数学模拟。试验结果表明,优化的超声波提取工艺条件为：以50 %的乙醇为提取剂,料液比（g︰ml）1︰84,提取温度75℃,超声波提取时间75 min。此条件下,玉米须黄酮提取率可达1.51 %。与加热浸提法相比,提取时间缩短了25%,提取率提高了约20 %。超声波提取的数学模拟值与试验结果基本吻合。 相似文献
10.
为提高油菜花多糖的应用价值,以十字花科芸苔属植物油菜花朵为研究对象,研究了油菜花多糖提取优化工艺。油菜花干燥、粉碎,过100目筛,脱脂,通过热水浸提法并结合浸提时间、浸提温度、浸提料水比以及浸提次数等单因素条件进行实验,在此基础上进行正交设计,获得油菜花多糖提取工艺优化条件。实验结果表明,单因素最佳条件下,油菜花多糖得率最大为17.85%;正交优化最佳条件下,油菜花多糖得率为19.18%。正交实验最佳条件为油菜花多糖优化提取工艺,即提取条件为：浸提温度100℃,浸提时间1.5 h,浸提料水比1:40(m:v),提取次数为2次。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
20.
Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献