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以2个木薯主栽品种(SC124、SC8)为材料,自盛暑期开始遮荫(植后70 d至植后160 d),对植后160 d木薯块根进行淀粉含量及相关酶活性分析,结合扫描电镜观察遮荫处理与正常光照下木薯块根淀粉结构的变化,探讨弱光对木薯贮藏淀粉含量和品质的影响。结果表明,遮荫处理改变了木薯光合产物在"源"与"库"之间的分配,造成茎叶变长,茎干细弱,块根减重,根冠比显著降低。弱光显著影响淀粉含量及其组成,遮荫处理提高或显著提高了SC124和SC8块根直链淀粉含量,降低了2个品种块根的总淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量,以及支链淀粉与直支链淀粉的比率。遮荫处理后木薯块根AGPase活性均降低;GBSS活性增加(SC8)或无显著变化(SC124);而遮荫处理对SSS和SBE活性影响不一致。扫描电镜观察表明,遮荫处理形成许多直径较小的淀粉粒,影响淀粉充实程度而造成淀粉含量降低。 相似文献
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以木薯主栽品种‘华南205’组培苗为材料,利用正交实验设计L9(34)分析蔗糖浓度、萘乙酸(NAA)、多效唑(PP333)和茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)对木薯试管块根诱导的影响,筛选适宜木薯试管块根诱导的培养基配方,并对较优配方组合进行验证试验和根系内淀粉粒观察。结果表明:木薯试管块根诱导较优的配方为1/2 MS+6-BA0.02 mg/L+0.1 mg/L PP_(333)+0.02 mg/L NAA+10μmol/L Me JA+50 g/L蔗糖+6.3 g/L琼脂。在该配方诱导条件下,组培苗生根率达80%以上,组培苗形成的根系增粗明显,块根内有丰富的淀粉颗粒形成。PP_(333)在木薯试管块根诱导和增粗中起着重要作用。本研究成功获得了较优的木薯试管块根诱导培养基配方,为木薯块根发生发育机理和育种研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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木薯内源ABA含量与块根淀粉积累关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以淀粉含量不同的木薯品种‘辐选01’和‘华南124’为材料,通过测定木薯内源脱落酸(ABA)含量、淀粉积累过程中的关键酶活性以及淀粉积累量,探讨ABA含量与块根淀粉积累的关系。结果表明:不同淀粉含量的木薯品种其内源ABA含量存在差异,尤其在生育后期表现尤为明显;淀粉含量高的品种叶片、茎秆和块根的ABA含量、块根腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPpase)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)及淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性高于淀粉含量低的品种;结果表明,叶片ABA含量与块根的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)及淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性呈极显著正相关,与蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性呈显著正相关。茎秆ABA与腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPpase)呈显著正相关,与可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)以及淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性呈极显著正相关;块根ABA含量与块根腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPpase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性呈极显著正相关,与蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性呈现正相关,与块根淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性呈极显著负相关。茎叶、块根ABA含量与块根淀粉积累均呈现极显著正相关。可见,木薯内源ABA在块根淀粉积累中有重要调节作用。本研究为高产、高淀粉木薯品种的选育与栽培提供理论支持和实践指导。 相似文献
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不同药剂处理对食用鲜木薯块根贮藏特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以食用鲜木薯块根为研究对象,研究不同药剂处理后在10℃和85%相对湿度条件下贮藏,块根主要生理生化特性的变化,探究主要抗氧化酶在贮藏过程的差异。结果表明:采后7 d是块根迅速失水期,其干物率和淀粉含量呈上升趋势,3个处理均可以一定程度延缓失水速度;贮藏前期(0~30 d)NaCl和Na_2S_2O_5溶液处理可以提高SOD和APX酶活性,抑制POD和CAT酶活性,但到了贮藏后期(30~60 d)各处理基本一致。可见98℃、10 g/L的NaCl热水和抗氧化剂Na_2S_2O_5处理在短期内可延缓褐变发生。方差统计分析发现,各6项指标均在贮藏时期分别达极显著差异,各处理对SOD酶活性的影响不显著,对其他5项指标的影响达显著或极显著水平。 相似文献
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增施生物有机肥对食用木薯产量及品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究采取随机区组试验,以不施生物有机肥为对照,设3个处理,研究不同生物有机肥施肥方式下食用木薯的生长情况、产量、品质的变化,探讨增施生物有机肥对食用木薯的产量及品质的影响,为食用木薯高产栽培技术研究和品质的改良提供理论依据。结果表明：增施生物有机肥可有效提高株高、茎粗、块根膨大期的SPAD值和块根形成期、块根膨大期的光合速率,并通过提高薯粗和薯数2个产量构成因子来增加块根的产量,对提高淀粉、蛋白质、干物质、可溶性糖的含量、支链淀粉/直链淀粉的比值、块根的综合品质也有促进作用,但对块根形成期的SPAD值、薯长、收获指数、粗纤维的影响较小;此外,相关性分析结果显示：在一定的范围内,生物有机肥施肥总量与产量及品质均呈正相关关系,且大部分相关系数均达到显著或极显著水平。综上所述,增施生物有机肥可提高食用木薯的光合作用,促进其生长,提高块根产量,有效改善了块根的品质,建议的施肥方式是在基肥和幼苗期各增施一次生物有机肥,施用量分别为3000、1500 kg/hm 2。 相似文献
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以高淀粉木薯品种华南9号和低淀粉品种华南7号为试料,分析块根膨大中后期蔗糖代谢相关酶活性及其产物的变化规律。结果表明:在块根韧皮部和木质部中,参与蔗糖合成的蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)在膨大后期活性均有所升高,而参与蔗糖分解的可溶性酸性转化酶、中性转化酶和蔗糖合成酶(分解方向)在后期活性均下降;细胞壁酸性转化酶活性变化存在明显差异,华南7号在块根膨大中期活性较高,华南9号在后期较高;在块根韧皮部中,蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的含量在膨大后期增加幅度较华南7号明显,而在块根木质部中,华南7号中这3种糖在膨大后期均呈增加趋势,华南9号中却下降,表明华南9号比华南7号有更强的蔗糖代谢的能力,这可能是造成不同品种木薯淀粉含量差异的原因。 相似文献
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木薯块根采后腐烂及贮藏方法研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木薯是非洲和部分南美洲国家的主要食物能量来源，用途广泛。由于其采后迅速发生腐烂质变而极大影响了木薯块根进一步推广运用。随着木薯生物技术研究发展，块根采后生理变化的研究不断地获得重大突破，笔者从不同角度阐述了块根采后腐烂的机理及采后贮藏方法，总结木薯块根采后腐烂的主要原因，并提出解决这一问题关键在于研发快速、有效的处理技术，包括短波紫外线处理技术。 相似文献
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膜下滴灌追施酵母浓缩液液体肥对甜菜产质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国糖料》2020,(4)
在施用底肥750 kg/hm2甜菜专用肥基础上,分别在甜菜叶丛快速增长期和块根膨大期追施0(CK)、75、150、300、450和600 L/hm2不同用量酵母浓缩液体肥及其复配液体肥(300 L/hm2),测定其对甜菜品质、块根产量和经济效益等指标的影响。结果表明:合理追施酵母浓缩液体肥及其复配液体肥可增加甜菜叶片SPAD值,提高了叶片光合性能;增加了甜菜地上叶丛及地下块根干鲜重;比CK增加块根产量3.15%～20.50%和产糖量3.85%～24.31%,提高含糖率0.12～0.59度和原汁纯度0.01～0.89个百分点,提高了甜菜块根单产和品质;合理追施酵母浓缩液体肥及其复配液体肥能够增加农民收益。综合分析表明,以底肥+300 L/hm2酵母浓缩液体肥和底肥+300 L/hm2复配液体肥效果最佳,经济效益比CK分别增加3 600元/hm2和4 203元/hm2。因此,在甜菜追肥过程中可合理追施酵母浓缩液体肥及其复配液体肥,提高甜菜单产和品质,实现资源循环利用。 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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百香果是海南省的新兴产业,也是我国多个省区扶贫攻坚的重要产业。病虫害是影响百香果产业的重要因素,随着海南百香果种植面积越来越大,病虫害对百香果产业的不利影响越来越凸显。由于缺乏百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定的基础性研究,许多种植户对田间发生的病虫害种类识别不足,从而影响了百香果病虫害的防控效果。为了摸清海南百香果种植区的病虫害种类,于2019—2021年对海南省儋州市、乐东县、屯昌县、文昌市、三亚市、东方市、保亭县、白沙县、海口市等百香果种植区的病虫害进行了系统调查与鉴定,并对其发生危害特点进行了研究。鉴定发现海南百香果种植区的病害有11种,分别是病毒病、茎基腐病、炭疽病、疮痂病、疫病、灰霉病、果腐病、褐斑病、烟煤病、藻斑病和缺镁。重要病害为病毒病和茎基腐病,危害程度分别为4级和3级,炭疽病和疮痂病危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他病害危害较轻。害虫有28种,分别是黄胸蓟马、茶黄蓟马、红带蓟马、美洲棘蓟马、普通大蓟马、咖啡木蠹蛾、美洲斑潜蝇、橘小实蝇、斜纹夜蛾、双线盗毒蛾、绿丽刺蛾、白带锯蛱蝶、烟粉虱、温室白粉虱、柑橘粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、藤壶蜡蚧、茶角盲蝽、樟颈曼盲蝽、稻绿蝽、中稻缘蝽、茶小绿叶蝉、丽球瓢蜡蝉、绿鳞象甲、眼斑芫菁、白条豆芫菁、甘薯梳龟甲和朱砂叶螨。重要害虫为黄胸蓟马和咖啡木蠹蛾,危害程度均为3级,茶黄蓟马和美洲斑潜蝇的危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他害虫危害较轻。软体动物3种,分别是灰巴蜗牛、同型巴蜗牛和一种尚未鉴定的蛞蝓。本研究明确了海南百香果种植区病虫害具体种类,新发现百香果病害1种和害虫24种,为海南百香果病虫害的精准防控提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):281-285
AbstractTwo cultivars of spinach and one cultivar of komatsuna were sand cultured using a nutrient solution with Na and K in various combinations. The growth (fresh weight of shoot) of spinach cv. Atlas was significantly increased when 1.4 mM KC1 of the 7 m M KO was replaced with 1.4 mM NaCl, although the growth was reduced when more KC1 was replaced with NaCl. In another spinach cv. All Right, however, NaCl substituting for 20% of KC1 showed no significant effects. In komatsuna, Na used in place of K at any ratio reduced the growth. The growth of spinach cv. Atlas was increased by applying 20 mM NaCl, irrespective of K dose (480 - 2400 mg K2O per 1/2000 a Wagner pot). The growth of spinach cv. All Right was also increased by 20 mM NaCl when K was at a deficient level (480 - 960 mg K20 per pot), but was not when K was at: an excessive level (1920 - 2400 mg K2O per pot). In komatsuna, 20 mM NaCl reduced the growth. In spinach, Na prevented the decrease of the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance caused by K deficiency. 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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本文建立了气质联用仪测定稻田环境中苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯的残留分析方法,对苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在水稻、土壤和田水中的消解动态和残留规律进行了研究。苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在糙米、稻壳、植株、土壤和田水中的最低检测浓度均为0.20 mg/kg,最小检出量为0.2 ng,在不同样品中的平均加标回收率为80.8%~109.5%,相对标准偏差在1.7%~19.7%之间。田间试验结果表明,苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在水稻植株和田水中的残留消解动态规律均符合一级动力学反应模型,苯醚甲环唑在水稻植株和田水中的残留消解半衰期分别为6.3~11.6 d和1.4~11.6 d;嘧菌酯在水稻植株和田水中的残留消解半衰期分别为3.6~8.7 d和2.9~23.1 d。以推荐剂量600 g/hm2和1.5倍推荐剂量900 g/hm2,最多施药3次,距最后一次施药15 d时,苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在糙米中的最高残留量分别为0.461 mg/kg和0.634 mg/kg,低于我国国家标准《食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB2763-2014)中规定的糙米中苯醚甲环唑最大残留限量0.5 mg/kg和欧盟、美国规定的糙米中嘧菌酯最大残留限量5.0 mg/kg。 相似文献