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鱼类树突状细胞研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
树突状细胞(DCs)是目前已知的体内功能最强的抗原递呈细胞,是唯一能够激活初始T淋巴细胞反应的细胞,在先天性免疫、适应性免疫以及维持自身免疫耐受方面具有重要的作用,因此一直是免疫学研究的重要领域。本文简要综述了DCs的类型及其在动物体内的功能、各类DCs的细胞标记。总结了鱼类DCs的分离、纯化方法和形态学观察方法;现有研究表明,鱼类DCs具有吞噬细菌、刺激T细胞增殖、诱导CD4+T细胞的活化、表达DCs的标记基因、被Toll样受体的配体激活、迁移能力、引起混合淋巴细胞反应等生物学功能;不同鱼类DCs的分子标记并不完全一样;鱼类的头肾、肾、鳃、皮肤、胸腺、脾、肠等均有DCs的分布。目前,对鱼类DCs的研究虽然取得了一定进展,但仍有许多重要问题需要解决:①鱼类DCs目前缺乏明确的细胞标记,加强这方面的研究有助于提高鱼类DCs的分离、体内分布与功能的研究水平;②加强和完善鱼类DCs的分离、培养技术的研究,掌握各种鱼类DCs的分离培养方法;③加强鱼类DCs在抗原递呈中的功能研究,对深入分析鱼类免疫机理,合理设计和应用疫苗,具有重要的理论指导意义。 相似文献
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主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex, MHC)是一类编码细胞表面糖蛋白的基因,在所有硬骨鱼的适应性免疫系统中起着至关重要的作用,而关于 MHC 基因的研究一直是鱼类分子免疫学和鱼类抗病辅助育种的研究热点之一。本研究首次分析了大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) MHC Iα基因的 cDNA 序列特征,构建了系统发生树,评估了大弹涂鱼 MHC Iα基因 mRNA在健康个体不同组织中的表达差异,研究了注射病毒拟似物 poly(I:C)后 MHC Iα基因在机体主要免疫器官肝和脾的表达情况。结果显示,大弹涂鱼 MHC Iα基因具有由1101 个碱基组成的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码 366 个氨基酸残基,具有 3 个蛋白激酶 C-磷酸化位点、1 个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和 1 个 N-糖基化位点。系统发育分析显示与大弹涂鱼 MHC Iα基因亲缘关系最密切的是河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)。RT-PCR 分析显示, MHC Iα基因 mRNA 在不同组织中均有表达,其中肾和脾组织中表达量最高,鳃和肠组织中表达次之。大弹涂鱼在腹腔注射 poly(I:C)后,肝和脾组织中 mRNA 表达量明显上升,在12 h 时, MHC Iα基因 mRNA 表达量在肝和脾中均达到峰值。本研究结果表明, MHC Iα基因参与了大弹涂鱼在高盐胁迫下的免疫应答。 相似文献
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鱼类免疫应答机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鱼类免疫应答可以分为固有免疫和适应性免疫,但固有免疫发挥主要作用。固有免疫对病原体的识别是通过模式识别受体PRR与病原相关分子模式PAMP的相互结合实现,这与哺乳类相似。但为适应水生生活,鱼类固有免疫对PAMP的识别范围更广,免疫应答的启动条件更低。固有免疫的效应细胞主要是单核/巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞等,具有吞噬和杀伤功能,还可分泌多种免疫相关的细胞因子,介导发生炎症反应。适应性免疫中,T淋巴细胞通过抗原提呈细胞分解吸收抗原,由主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)类分子递送到细胞表面才能识别。B淋巴细胞分泌产生以免疫球蛋白Ig M为主的抗体分子,而发挥抗体中和作用及免疫调理作用的Ig G在鱼类中比较少见,说明鱼类抗体的免疫功能还处于较低水平。本文综述了近二十年内鱼类免疫应答机制的相关研究进展,为进一步了解鱼类免疫应答机制提供参考。 相似文献
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动物从受精卵发育到具有不同性别特征的个体是一个奇妙而又严谨的过程,是人类长期以来试图揭示的自然现象。上世纪90年代初在人类Y染色体上发现了性别决定基因SRY[1],进而发现了一个新的Sox基因家族[2]。上述基因的发现,促进了以哺乳类为代表的动物性别决定和分化机制研究。由于鱼类在脊椎动物中的特殊进化地位、庞大的种类数量以及显著的社会经济价值,鱼类的性别决定研究一直受到遗传和发育学者的重视。尽管离最终阐明鱼类性别决定的机制还有距离,但近20多年来鱼类性别决定的遗传基础研究已取得不少重要进展。本文试图根据现有文献资料,… 相似文献
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一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)专一性催化L-精氨酸转化为L-瓜氨酸和一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO),产物NO是一种重要的生物信使分子,对其功能和代谢的研究越来越受人们的重视[1]。国际上,鱼类NOS的研究还刚起步,已有研究者在鱼类中检测到NOS的存在[2-5]。虹鳟[6]、金鱼[4]、大西洋鲑[7]和沟鲶[8]的诱导型NOS(iNOS)和神经型NOS(nNOS)的部分序列已鉴定。国内对哺乳动物的NOS也进行了研究[9-11],尚未见关于鱼类NOS方面的研究报道。JOURNALOFFISHERIESOFCHINA Vol.27,No.4 斜带石斑鱼(Epin… 相似文献
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主要组织相容性复合体（MHC,Major histoeompatibility complex）是最具多态性的免疫分子。其多态性主要取决于群体内MHC基因的大量等位基因及等位基因间高度的序列变异。等位基因的序列变异主要发生在抗原肽结合区（peptide binding region,PBR）,这决定了不同基因型个体的免疫力差异。鱼类受多倍化影响,MHC基因的多态性还表现在同一基因存在多个基因座位（多拷贝）。MHC的高度多态性及与机体免疫力的相关性,使其在鱼类遗传进化、抗病育种等方面倍受关注。本文介绍了有关鱼类MHC基因的结构、功能及其在遗传育种中的应用。 相似文献
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鱼类人工雌核发育的研究始于20世纪50年代,在随后的50年里发展迅速。雌核发育可以为纯系建立、性别控制、基因定位等研究提供一种有效途径,乃鱼类遗传育种研究工作活跃领域之一[1-3]。丁(Tincatinca)隶属于鲤科、雅罗鱼亚科、丁属,是一种广温性鱼类(0～37℃)。主要分布于欧洲,在我国仅分布于新疆额尔齐斯河流域[4]。由于丁雌鱼生长比雄鱼快,Linhart等[5]对其人工诱导雌核发育和雌核发育子代性逆转进行了研究。但到目前为止,与其他大多数鱼类雌核发育研究工作一样,尚未获得功能性雄鱼。本研究旨在对丁人工雌核发育条件进行探索,… 相似文献
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草鱼_中华鳖淋巴细胞扫描电镜结构_省略_绵羊红细胞受体_CD_2_的检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
草鱼淋巴细胞表面扫描电镜结构特征为有孔穴且较为光滑、具短小细锥状突起;中华鳖淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞表面扫描电镜结构特征为凹凸不平、较为光滑;它们均以表面凹凸不平特征的占大多数。E花环试验的光镜和扫描电镜观察显示：草鱼淋巴细胞E花环形成不明显,而中华鳖淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞的成花率分别为25％－34％和36％－47％,能形成花环的淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞以表面结构特征凹凸不平（类似哺乳动物T淋巴细胞）的为主。草鱼、中华鳖血液淋巴细胞和中华鳖胸腺细胞与抗人CD2单克隆抗体交叉反应的免疫组化检测显示中华鳖血液淋巴细胞和胸腺细胞的CD2阳性率分别为24％和33％。草鱼血液淋巴细胞CD2阳性反应不明显。 相似文献
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目前检测卵黄抗体的方法很多,但IHA方法具有简便快速的优点,本研究的目的是为了建立抗犬瘟热高免卵黄抗体检测方法。采用犬瘟热病毒和犬细小病毒二联疫苗处理作为疫苗抗原,用犬瘟热病死犬的肝脏部分处理后作为组织抗原,制备敏化绵羊红细胞,用IHA方法确定了犬二联疫苗抗原和犬瘟热病毒组织抗原的最适含量。二联疫苗提取抗原的含量为0.7 mg/mL致敏红细胞时,与犬瘟热单克隆抗体反应显著,抗体效价为1∶256;而患犬瘟热松狮犬的肝脏组织抗原蛋白浓度为0.5mg/mL,与犬瘟热单克隆抗体反应显著,抗体效价为1∶128。经过IHA验证,制备的松狮犬瘟热肝组织抗原,蛋白含量0.5 mg/mL 1%致敏红细胞,对应的单抗、鸡血清均出现了凝集,阳性对照也出现凝集,阴性对照未出现凝集。建立的IHA抗体检测方法,为准确检测制备抗犬瘟热高免卵黄抗体的效价奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Distribution of immunoglobulin-positive cells in the spleen and kidney of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yuki Tokuda Haruhiko Toyohara Masaru Ikemoto Tatsuo Kina Morihiko Sakaguchi 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1082-1086
SUMMARY: The distribution of surface immunoglobulin-positive (sIg+ ) cells in the spleen, the head-kidney, and the trunk-kidney of adult Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was investigated by a flow cytometric analysis using a monoclonal antibody FB17 against flounder immunoglobulin M. Although the percentage of sIg+ cells varied among organs, a good correlation was revealed between the percentage in the head-kidney and that in the trunk-kidney ( r = 0.996, P < 0.001). In contrast, no correlation was obtained between the percentage of sIg+ cells in the spleen and the head-kidney or trunk-kidney. The head-kidney and the trunk-kidney contained cells bearing fewer sIg that were stained dimly by FB17 in addition to brightly stained sIg+ cells regarded as mature B cells, while the spleen contained only sIg+ cells stained brightly. Moreover, the immunocytochemical analyses showed that the head-kidney contains plasma cells with strongly stained cytoplasm in addition to B cells with stained cell surface, which suggests that the cells with fewer sIg detected by flow cytometric analysis are presumed to be at a stage during the processes of differentiation to plasma cells. These results suggest that there are some differences between the spleen and kidney in the role of the immune system and it is considered that differentiation of B cells to plasma cells occurs in the kidney. 相似文献
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L Stitz 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1991,19(5):509-514
Borna disease is a naturally occurring meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep and horses. After experimental infection of rats with Borna disease virus a biphasic disease with initial gait disturbances and later paresis and paralysis can be observed. The disease symptoms in these experimental animals resemble those of the natural hosts. The disease is not caused by the infecting virus itself but rather by a CD4+ T cell-mediated immune response. After the pathogenesis had been elucidated new strategies for the therapy of Borna disease by interfering with the immune reaction have been developed. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, with monoclonal antibodies directed against certain immune cells and with mediators of the immune reaction resulted in an inhibition or significant reduction of Borna disease symptoms. 相似文献
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抗软骨藻酸单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的构建 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了获得稳定、高效分泌抗软骨藻酸(DA)单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,采用活泼酯法制备软骨藻酸免疫抗原(DA-KLH)和包被抗原(DA-BSA),以DA-KLH免疫BALB/c小鼠,用细胞融合技术筛选抗软骨藻酸单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备大量单抗,捕获EL ISA法测定小鼠免疫球蛋白亚型,间接ELISA法测定腹水效价;用G蛋白亲和层析法来纯化腹水。结果显示,成功构建2株能稳定分泌DA单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株2B1和4C2,抗体亚类分别为IgG1和IgG2a,间接EL ISA检测小鼠腹水的抗体效价达1∶64 000,腹水纯化后蛋白浓度为1.27和0.675 mg/mL。研究结果表明,成功制备的抗DA单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株稳定、高效,为利用该单抗研制快速检测软骨藻酸的胶体金免疫层析试纸条打下基础。 相似文献
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间接红细胞凝集反应检测中华鳖血清抗体的方法 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
建立了间接红细胞凝集反应检测中华鳖血清抗体的方法。试验证明,致敏抗原菌体浓度为３×１０８ｃｆｕ／ｍＬ、ＢＳＡ浓度为２．０ｍｇ／ｍＬ,致敏红细胞浓度２．５％时（无论是人还是绵羊红细胞）,本方法能获得最敏感的结果。加入稳定剂后的致敏红细胞,在８０ｄ内检测结果没有显著的差异。本试验测得该方法的灵敏度为１３．４±４．２,而且证明本方法具有较高的特异性、灵敏度、准确性和重复性。 相似文献
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Development of monoclonal antibodies to PK'X', the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Two monoclonal antibody probes were produced against PK'X' cells. The parasites were partially purified by filtration and centrifugation of kidney tissue from rainbow trout with proliferative kidney disease and used as antigen for immunization of mice. The resulting monoclonal antibodies reacted with PK'X' cell antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry tests. One antibody (Mab 12) appeared to be specific for PK'X'in kidney tissue, while the other (Mab 18) cross-reacted with host cell antigens in the kidney tubules. These probes are invaluable tools for the investigation of parasite surface antigens and life cycle studies. 相似文献
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Jong-Chang Tsai 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(4):307-316
The pattern of cytokeratin proteins in the epidermal cells of loach was studied by immunotechniques and partial separation of the epidermal cells. Two monoclonal antibodies, namely 8F7 and 1C45, against the cytokeratin proteins of the loach epidermis were prepared. these two monoclonal antibodies exhibit distinctive results in immunohistochemical staining. The 8F7 monoclonal antibody stains mainly with the epithelial cells, while the 1C45 monoclonal antibody stains specifically with the club cells. The pattern of cytokeratin proteins in the club cells and the epithelial cells of various epidermal layers was further determined by partial separation of these cells. Immunoblotting analysis of the cell fractions confirms the cytokeratin proteins to be differentially expressed in the club cells and the epithelial cells. However, the cytokeratin proteins expressed in the epithelial cells of the basal, middle and outer layers are same. The results indicate that differentiation of the epithelial cells seems limited during their translocation from basal to upper layers, but in those cells that do differentiate into club cells, the cytokeratin pattern changes. 相似文献
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The clinical findings in a 16-year-old dog with mycosis fungoides are described. The definitive diagnosis was based on the characteristic histopathological lesions in the skin and mucosal biopsies. An immunohistological examination using monoclonal antibodies directed against the Thy-1 antigen of canine peripheral T lymphocytes did not give any further evidence of the identity of the infiltrating lymphoid cells. 相似文献
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Abstract. An ELISA-bascd plaque assay for the detection and quantification of antibody-secreting cells has been adapted for use in fish. The assay involves incubating catfish lymphocytes in 24-well plates previously coated with the antigen of interest. Cells producing antibody to the antigen leave an immunological fingerprint of bound antibody which is detected through the use of an ELISA technique to yield a colored plaque (Elisaplaque). Specificity of the assay was established by demonstrating that cells taken from fish vaccinated with an antigen exhibit the greatest response on plates coated with the given antigen. A strong positive correlation was also demonstrated between the number of Elisaplaques generated and serum agglutination titre. Using the ELISA plaque assay, it was found that antibody-secreting lymphocytes located at a different density interface and behaved differently from other lymphocyte populations when separated through discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. Among the haematopoietic organs examined, the head kidney appeared to produce more antibody-secreting cells per million lymphocytes than did spleen or peripheral blood lymphocytes. 相似文献