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1.
Artificial - based fish multiplication and liberation is one of the most efficient ways for sustaining fish population, and is carrying out in the much more hydropower stations in China. In this paper, we took the Gongguoqiao ＆ Miaowei hydropower station as an example, and aimed to briefly introduce the design process of fish hatchery. The key techniques including the multiplication and liberation size, the parent fish amounts, and the all kinds of breed facilities, were discussed, and the expected research direction was put forward. 相似文献
2.
《齐鲁渔业》2013,(4):I0001-I0001
Effects of Adding Bacillus sp. Z5 in Diet on Growth, Immune Parameters and Anti-disease Ability of Litopenaeus vannamei
Abstract The el-tects ot addlngBaclllus sp Z5 in shrimp pellet with the amounts of 108CFU/g on growth, immune parameters and anti-disease ability of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were studied. The result shows that the shrimps grew faster in Bacillus treatment group and the yield was 24% more than that in the control. After 21 days, the activity of Phenoloxidase in Bacillus group significantly increased. After 42 days, 相似文献
Abstract The el-tects ot addlngBaclllus sp Z5 in shrimp pellet with the amounts of 108CFU/g on growth, immune parameters and anti-disease ability of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were studied. The result shows that the shrimps grew faster in Bacillus treatment group and the yield was 24% more than that in the control. After 21 days, the activity of Phenoloxidase in Bacillus group significantly increased. After 42 days, 相似文献
3.
大菱鲆胚胎的玻璃化冷冻保存 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Vitrification solutions were examined for their suitability of cryopreservation of turbot (Seophthulnms maximus) embryos. PMPI gave higher survival rate (75.68%) than other vitrification solutions and was considered to be suitable liar the cryopreservation of turbot embryos. The freezing point of the vitrification solutions consisted of PG and MeOH in the proportion of 3:2 was measured when the vitrification solutions were cryopreserved. It showed that the vitrification solutions with a cryoprotectant concentration of over 41% have no freezing point and the freezing points of vitrification solutions containing 33.33%-40% cryprotectants were between -32.4℃ and -65.4℃, The freezing point decreased with the increase of cryoprotectant concentration. The resistance of turbot embryos at different stages to the cryoprotectants was studied, It was found that the turbot embryos from 4-5 pairs somite to tail bud were more resistant to cryoprotectants and suitable to vitrify. A live embryo was obtained after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 14h and was hatched out。 相似文献
4.
水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here. 相似文献
5.
水产食品特定腐败菌与货架期的预测和延长 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25
Fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products are welcome by the global market, however, they are also among the most perishable food products. The research on specific spoilage organisms (SSO) reveals the spoilage process of aquatic product. This paper reviews the current knowledge (past ten years) on SSO of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products with particular emphasis on characteristics of SSO and how to apply this concept to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of aquatic product. During storage, the microflora changes owing to different abilities of the microorganisms to tolerate the preservation conditions. SSO is defined as special microorganisms which can increase rapidly during preservation and has the ability to produce off- odours and off- flavours associated with spoilage, and spoilage metabolites. Identification of an SSO relies on comparison of the sensory and chemical characteristics of spoiled product with those of isolates from the spoilage microflora. Generally, the SSO of fresh fish may be a single species or genus, but the ones of lightly preserved fish products will be more complex. One exciting area for use of SSO aims to obtain quantitative knowledge about probable behavior of SSO and their function during the progression of spoilage. Thus mathematical models on the growth of SSO are established to evaluate the quality lost degree of product, which provide a sound information for the rational development of devices to monitor loss of products shelf life. Models for the growth of Pseudomonas spp, S. putrefaciens, P. phosphoreum have been established, and validated for shelf life prediction of seafood successfully. Another application field of SSO intends to develop the techniques to prolong the shelf life of food products by inhibiting SSO targetedly. Targeted inhibition of spoilage bacteria during preservation reduces their growth and results in a significant extension of shelf life in despite of the activity of non - spoilage organisms has not been influenced. Such techniques have been applied in perversion field of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish. 相似文献
6.
6种常用渔药对厚颌鲂鱼苗的急性毒性试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The acute toxicity of the mixture of copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate （ratio 5： 2）, potassium permanganate （ KMnO4 ） , trichlorphon （ C4H8O4 C13P） , strong-chloride, bromochloropropene and formalin towards Larva of Megalobrama pellegrini was studied at by biological toxic test method at the water temperature of 29℃ to 30℃. The results showed that the median-lethal concentrations of 48h were 5.78,6.50,4.90,2.55,0. 042,120 mg/L, respectively; the safe concentrations were 0. 445,0. 528 、0. 268,0. 190,0. 003,7. 500mg/L, respectively. The larva of Megalobrama pellegrini is more sensitive than other fish, bromochloropropene can＇t be used. The drug dosage and time should be based on the specific situation circumstances in production. 相似文献
7.
8.
鲍遗传育种研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Abalones are important farming species with a high economic value. They have already been farmed for more than 50 years. As problems and new requirements rose continuously in culture industry of abalone, studies on genetic and breeding techniques are needed to improve characteristics and to gain new traits. This review concentrates on advances in genetics and breeding techniques in abalone. As for genetic studies, karyological analyses, allozyme, DNA markers and genetic diversity were reviewed. So far, karyological analyses in abalone have been performed in 12 species that can be divided into three groups according to the chromosome number. In some economically important species, loci of allozymes and. microsatellites have been isolated and applied to investigate the genetic structure of natural and hatchery populations and to identify the result of chromosome set manipulation, but the related reports are only a few yet. The resultsof investigation with DNA markers and allozymes showed that the genetic structure of natural populations presents two characteristics: excessive homozygosity and subdivision. Advances of various breeding techniques, including introduction, selection,hybridization, polyploidy, gynogenesis and gene manipulation, were reviewed in the other part. Although Haliotis discus discus, introduced from Japan, has become one of the most important culture species in China, the economic, social and environmental effects of introduction have been rarely studied. Selection is one of the most important and basic breeding techniques, but the studies on selection are only a few and preliminary, referring to the relations between genetic characteristics and the traits of growth and resistance, genetic diversity and heritability of quantitative traits, and the effect of selection. Interspecific hybridization was the first breeding program carded out in abalone. Experimental hybridization have been carded out for about 20 crosses. Heterosis,such as faster growth and high survival rate, has been observed in some crosses. Triploids have been successfully induced in many species of abalone with physical or chemical shock, e.g.H, discus hannai, H. rufescens, H.diversicolor diversicolor and H. rnidae. Field experiments were conducted in some species of triploid abalone. In comparison with triploid, the research on tetraploid is still in quest stage. The progress of induction of gynogenesis in abalone is quite slow. Conditions of sperm inactivation, diploid restoration and nuclear behavior of gynogenetically activated eggs have been researched on in H. discus han nai. Notwithstanding the gene transfer technology in abalone is in the quest stage, the research have already involved preparation of exogenic DNA,means of gene transfer, identification integration and expression of target gene, etc. Three research directions in these topics were proposed : to investigate the germplasm resources of abalone deeply and widely, to make use of traditional breeding methods and modem biotechnique synthetically, and to combine the science research with production practice. 相似文献
9.
Tilapia larvae were exposed to 0 (control), 50 (50-Cd) or 100 (100-Cd) μg l-1 cadmium for 4 days and then transferred to cadmium-free fresh water for 3 days of detoxification. Total length and weight,
calcium influx and total body calcium and cadmium content were examined at various times during detoxification. All the groups
grew normally with regards to total length and body weight. Within the first 12h of detoxification the 50- and 100-Cd exposed
groups released cadmium at the similar rate of about 24 ng mg-1 h-1 (or 140 ng larva-1 h-1). Later, however, this rate declined to only 4–16% of the initial level. Calcium influx in the control group showed a 10–26%
increase during the detoxification period. Calcium influx in the 50-Cd group increased by about 280% and reached it peak at
12h. Calcium influx in the 100-Cd group increased by 440% and did not peak until 24h after transfer. After peaking, the influxes
in both 50- and 100-Cd groups declined to the level of control at the end of the experiment. Calcium contents in 50- and 100-Cd
groups increased more rapidly than that in control group within first 24h of the detoxification period. However the rate of
increase in calcium content in three groups was the same after 24h. The changes in calcium influx appeared to be correlated
with those in calcium content, and these suggested that tilapia larvae regulate the mechanism of calcium balance to compensate
for the reduced calcium level in the body.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
11.
The effect of waterborne selenite levels on selenium accumulated by different developmental stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was studied using75SeO
3
=
as a tracer. All stages readily accumulated selenium at both high and low concentrations, but the rate of accumulation increased
as the trout developed from the egg to the juvenile feeding stage. The low rate of selenium accumulation by embryos seemed
to be related more to a lack of gills than to the presence of a chorion. The bioconcentration factor (the ratio of tissue-to-water
concentrations) declined in all groups with increased waterborne selenium levels; accumulation rates appeared limited by cell
permeability. At low levels of waterborne selenium (0.4μg/l), the total accumulated was small relative to existing body burdens and unlikely to contribute significantly to the nutritional
requirement for selenium. High levels (45.6μg/l), however, caused considerable selenium accumulation and may be sufficient to overcome the effects of low dietary selenium. 相似文献
12.
Lisbeth Plassa 《海洋水产研究》2001,22(4):18-20
Activities
1994
In 1994 Peter Gullestad(Present Director General of Fisheries in Bergen) headed a Norwegian delegation visiting China. In his presentation of “The Norwegian experience in fisheries management and control” -he stressed the fact that overcapacity is “the root of all evil”. He also underlined that it is important not only to set up a legal system for fisheries management but also to establish reliable catch statistics. He further more pointed out that good scientific advice is the basic input for the management system. 相似文献
13.
对虾免疫机能研究概况 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Shrimp farming is an important source of revenue and employment in many developing countries.However, infectious diseases have adversely affected the profitability of shrimp industry. For this reason, disease prevention is a priority and shrimp immunology has become a crucial research area of this field. In this paper, the current importance and problems of shrimp-culture were described and the research advances in shrimp immunological defence mechanisms were summarized. The immunological tools are powerful and useful to evaluate the health state of the shrimp. The immunologies of shrimp mainly consist of cellular immunity and humoral immunity. In regard to cellular parameters, they are composed of haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). The immunity ceils exert their defence functions through phagocytizing, enveloping, etc, and the changes of THC and DHC are related to health state of shrimp. The ROIs generated during post phagocytic event which maybe an important marker to evaluate the immunological capability and phenoloxidase activity have been considered as a potential marker which is relevant to the health of the shrimp too. Concerning humoral parameters, prophenoloxidase (ProPO) and phenoloxidase,antimicrobial peptides and proteins, hemagglutinin and plasma proteins were described. The determining methods of immunity parameters were discussed. The response of shrimp to pathogens such as bacteria, virus, etc. and environmental factors such as DO, pH, etc, were also reviewed. It is well-known that the immune responses induced by immunizing crustacean or shrimp are mainly the non-specific immune responses. The potential of immunological parameters, including the changes of THC and DHC, the production of ROIs, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, antibacterial activity of plasma, and so on, to appraise the healthy state of shrimp were partly discussed. The future directions for the evaluation of the immunological capability of shrimp were proposed. 相似文献
14.
草鱼加热过程中肌肉蛋白质的热变性 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The variations of muscle tissus, peroxidase and Ca2^2 -ATPase activities and Vp (pasteurization value) were investigated with the fresh samples of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) heated at different temperatures, thus revealing the mechanism of denaturation of muscle protein by heating. The experimental results showed the great difference in muscle tissue structure before and after the samples heated. In the initial stage of heating the water loss accounted for 50% of the total. When the samples were separately heated at 75, 85, and 95℃, fk values (dehydration curve slope) were 5, 4.1 and 1.7, respectively, while Vp reaching 40 minutes were 22, 8 and 5 min, respectively. As to the time for deactivation of peroxidase in the heated samples at the various temperatures, it varied from 38, 10 and to less than 6 min, respectively and the deactivation rates of Ca^2 -ATPase in 1 min were 50%, 88% and 100%, respectively. Consequently, the higher temperature the sample was heated, the faster rate of thermocon ductivity, the lower rate of water loss, and the faster rate of peroxidase deactivation it was. Also, the Vp for the least requirement of pasteurization ( Vp≥40min) was obtained. 相似文献
15.
甲壳动物渗透调节生理学研究进展 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
Osmoregulation involves many aspects of physiological function in crustacean. Crustacean species exhibit almost all possible patterns of osmotic regulation and they are widely distributed in most of known biotopes. With the changes of liquid environment, the structure and function of the osmoregulation organs( such as gills, antennary glands) ,haemolymph osmotic pressure and ionic transport will turn to maintain the well-balanced metabolism, which are under the neuroendocrine regulation. The current research status of physiological mechanism of crustacean osmoregulation was reviewed in the following aspects. 1 ) Structure and function of gills and antennal glands(maxillary glands). The gills are very important organs and play a prominenet role in osmoregulatien; 2)Regulafien of ion transport in branchial epithelium. Ion transport enzymes (Na^ -K^ -ATPase, V-ATPase,HCO3^--ATPase and carbonicanhydrase)stimulated by bioamines and cAMP may participate in the ion transport of branchial epithelium in crustacean; 3 )Haemolymph composition and osmoregulation. Haemolymph concentration of ion and free amino acid accompanied by metabolites of blood can contribute to the most of haemolymph osmotic pressure; 4)Neuroendocrine control. Many neuropeptides may regulate the osraotic pressure of haemolymph and proteinsases activity of epithelial gill cells. Bioamines, cAMP and CaM have been proved to stimulate the uptake of Na^ and transport of Cl^-. 相似文献
16.
The histological development and ultrastructure of larval turbot skin were studied by both light and transmission electron microscopes.The early larvae showed a complete bisymmetry of skin.The skin of 1-25days old larvae developed slowly and was composed of the thin epidermis of 1-2layers epidermal cells and undeveloped dermis before the metamorphosis.But the skin developed significantly when the.metamorphosis began.Till the completion of metamorphosis(about 60days old),the skin contained 3-4layers epidermal cells and very developed collagenous strata.Wisth the process of metamorphosis,the ocular side skin and blind side skin became different in ultrastructure.Ultrastructural observation showed the epidermis of turbot contained three types of epidermal cells;filament-containing cells,mucus cells and chloride cells.The ocular side epidermis with looser structure consisted one type of filament-containing cells,but the blind side epidermis was structured densely and two types of filament-containing cells were observed in it.Melanophores,iridophores,fibroblasts and other cell types and tisssues were found in the spongiosum of dermis.The distribution of melanophores depended on the larval developing stage and the pigmentation of skin.The differentiation of skin seems to be an adaptation for the change of life style of turbot larvae from pelagic living to benthonic living after the metamorphosis. 相似文献
17.
黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
In order to protect scientifically the fishery resources and eco-environment of Yellow River , nine investigatioins on hydrobios in the middle and upper reaches of main Yellow River had been carried out since 2002 according to The Standard for the investigation of inland fishery resources. The investigations showed the present status of the fishery resources in these reaches are as follows ：87species （genera）and 8 phylum of phytoplankton,42 species and 6 phylum of zooplankton, 14 species（genera） of banthic organism , 5 species of hydroplant, 38 species of fish. A comparative analysis,With the results of ＂the Yellow River Fishery Resources Survey in 1982＂,shows that the general trend of the plankton is that the average biomass is getting apparently decreased, the aboriginal fishes are endangered intensifically, and there must be some problem of aquatic biological invasion in these reaches. A granual miniaturization of fishes in main Yellow River has been noticed. The authors proposed to carry out investigation and researches on hydrobios resources in main Yellow River , and develop plans to protect the fishery resources in yellow River, which will be an important basis for rehabilitation of the Yellow River waters and it＇s ecological environment, for the maintenance of biological diversity of Yellow River＇s waters. And this work will be of great significance for people＇s life and sustainable development of economics in Yellow River basin. 相似文献
18.
3种沉水植物对水华藻类生长的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Effects of three submerged macrophytes, Potamogeton crispus, Myriophyllum sp. and Ceratophyllum demersum on the growth of bloom algae were investigated. The results of the coexistence assay indicated that, Potamogeton crispus, Myriophyllum sp. and Ceratophyllum demersum inhibited significantly excessive growth of bloom algae. Of the three submerged macrophytes, Potamogeton crispus and Myriophyllum sp. have the stronger inhibition on bloom algae; at the relatively higher concentrations （Potamogeton crispus, Myriophyllum sp. and Ceratophyllum demersum fresh weight 80,80 and 160 g/L）, the aqueous extracts of fresh tissue of three submerged macrophytes can inhibit growth of bloom algae ; the growth of bloom algae was strongly inhibited by using dry powder; at the concentration of dry weight 20 g/L, the inhibitory effect by aqueous extracts of the dry powder of the three submerged macrophytes was beyond 50% ; the methanol extracts of the dry powder of three submerged macrophytes can inhibit growth of bloom algae at the relatively higher concentration. 相似文献
19.
饥饿胁迫对鲤肠道与肝脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of starvation on digestive enzymes activity of the carp （Cyprinus carpio） at the water temperature 18 -20℃ in the cycle and flow water aquarium. The experiment was designed for four groups with three replication,which were 0 day（control） , 10 days, 20 days, 30days group. The results showed That there was a trend to drop first and keep stabilization for Cyprinus carpio body weight and Meat Content with the prolongatin of starvation, and that Effect of starvation stress on the the activity of protease in intestine and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio was significant, with the prolongatin of starvation, there was a trend to increase then drop for the activity of protease in fore-gut, mid-gut hind-gut and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio. And that the variatin for activityof amylase in fore-gut was significant butthat of the others was no significant. 相似文献
20.
甲胺磷、辛硫磷对坛紫菜叶状体的生理效应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In this paper, the effects of methmidophos and phoxim with different concentrations and schedule on soluble protein content and chlorophyl a (Chla) content in Porphyra haintanensis were studied under experimental and ecological conditions. The results showed as follows: (1) there were some time-effect and dose-effect relationships between the pollutants and Chla contents. The Chla content of most of groups decreased with the increasing of dose and prolonging of the exposure time. In the same concentration, the toxicities of phoxim to Chla content was stronger than that of methmidophos. (2) All concentration groups in this study didn‘t show the significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships between pollutants and the soluble protein. And there was no significant difference of the soluble protein content among various groups. 相似文献