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洞庭青鲫的染色体核型分析及品种鉴定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratusvar.Dongtingking)肾细胞染色体的核型进行了分析,并对此鱼种进行了品种鉴定。核型分析表明,洞庭青鲫的肾细胞染色体组是由100条染色体组成,染色体组型按着丝粒位置可分为四组,分别是中部着丝粒染色体、亚中部着丝粒染色体、亚端部着丝粒染色体、端部着丝粒染色体。其中中部着丝粒染色体15对,亚中部着丝粒染色体10对,亚端部着丝粒染色体13对,端部着丝粒染色体12对,每对染色体均由二条同源染色体组成。洞庭青鲫肌肉细胞的DNA相对含量(55.75±1.59)(17尾)与二倍体红鲫(Carassiusauratusvar.Red)肌肉细胞DNA相对含量(55.68±1.64)(15尾)基本相等。结果说明,洞庭青鲫是一种二倍体鲫鱼,其染色体数目为2n=100,核型公式为2n=30m+20sm+26st+24t,NF=150。 相似文献
2.
淡水白鲳的染色体数目2n=54，全都为中部着丝粒和亚中部着丝粒染色体。核型公式20m 7sm,染色体臂数(NF)=108． 相似文献
3.
水生生物的染色体 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、常见水生经济动植物的核型生物的性状以及性状的遗传变异规律都与染色体有关,遗传学的研究表明:各种生物在世代相传中,染色体的数目维持相对稳定,每一物种都有相对稳定的染色体数。同一个体的体细胞一般具有相同的染色体数,而性细胞只有体细胞染色体数的一半。遗传学将各种生物性细胞所具有的染色体数称为单倍体数,写为n。将体细胞的染色体数称为二倍体数,写为2n。现将一些常见水产经济动植物的染色体数及其核型列于表1。表中所列的生物大多是二倍体或经二倍化的多倍体。其中核型公式中的m、sm、st、t连同前面的系数,分别表示中部、亚中部、亚端部和端部着丝粒染色体的条数。例如, 相似文献
4.
采用PHA体内直接注射法制备了云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara TemminckSchlegel1842)东京湾群体头肾组织染色体标本并分析其核型。结果显示,其东京湾群体二倍体染色体数为48,其中,亚中部着丝粒3对;其余21对染色体为端部着丝粒染色体,其染色体臂数NF为54,核型公式为:2n=48,6sm+42t,NF=54;第24对染色体的短臂的形态具有多态性。该鱼染色体臂数高于石斑鱼类的原始核型类群,属于石斑鱼属的特化类群。云纹石斑鱼日本东京湾群体与厦门群体染色体核型存在显著差异,东京湾群体比厦门群体多1对亚中部着丝粒染色体,可能是长期隔离导致染色体重组进化形成的。结果表明,云纹石斑鱼不同地理群体间存在丰富的遗传差异,可利用不同地理群体间的种内杂交优势改良云纹石斑鱼种质。 相似文献
5.
淡水白鲳的染色体数目2n=54,全部为中部着丝粒和亚中部着丝粒染色体。核型公式20m+7sm,染色体臂数(NF)=108。 相似文献
6.
本研究对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)杂交后代利用植物血球凝集素(PHA)及秋水仙素通过活体注射法制作染色体标本。选用头肾和鳃组织制作细胞悬浊液,并对冷滴片和热滴片法进行比较,结合空气干燥法制作染色体分裂相玻片,经吉姆萨染色后,在显微镜下观察筛选清晰完整的分裂相。杂交子代(俗称云龙斑)选取75个分裂相,统计染色体数目并进行核型分析。结果显示,云龙斑二倍体染色体数为48,其中,19对染色体为端部着丝粒染色体,2对为亚中部着丝粒染色体,3对为亚端部着丝粒染色体,其染色体臂数(NF)为58,核型公式为2n=48,4sm+6st+38t。杂交后代云龙斑与父母本染色体数目相同,都为2n=48,但云龙斑染色体与其父母本组型不同,在遗传过程中发生了复杂的染色体重新配对和变异。本研究为杂交后代"云龙斑"的种质鉴定、亲缘关系分析、杂交育种等提供了重要的科学根据。 相似文献
7.
《渔业科学进展》2018,(2)
本研究对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)杂交后代利用植物血球凝集素(PHA)及秋水仙素通过活体注射法制作染色体标本。选用头肾和鳃组织制作细胞悬浊液,并对冷滴片和热滴片法进行比较,结合空气干燥法制作染色体分裂相玻片,经吉姆萨染色后,在显微镜下观察筛选清晰完整的分裂相。杂交子代(俗称云龙斑)选取75个分裂相,统计染色体数目并进行核型分析。结果显示,云龙斑二倍体染色体数为48,其中,19对染色体为端部着丝粒染色体,2对为亚中部着丝粒染色体,3对为亚端部着丝粒染色体,其染色体臂数(NF)为58,核型公式为2n=48,4sm+6st+38t。杂交后代云龙斑与父母本染色体数目相同,都为2n=48,但云龙斑染色体与其父母本组型不同,在遗传过程中发生了复杂的染色体重新配对和变异。本研究为杂交后代"云龙斑"的种质鉴定、亲缘关系分析、杂交育种等提供了重要的科学根据。 相似文献
8.
对传代296次的牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）鳃细胞系（FG）进行染色体制备和组型分析，并与牙鲆活体鳃细胞组型进行比较。牙鲆活体鳃细胞染色体数目为48，且均为端部着丝粒染色体，染色体组型公式为2n=48，48t，NF=48。而鳃细胞系的染色体数目出现较大变化，有两个分布区问，一个区间是53～79；另一个是119～139。其模式染色体数为68，在模式细胞分裂相中，有30对端部着丝粒染色体和4对中部着丝粒染色体；染色体条数在119以上的分裂相中，除了有很多中部着丝粒染色体以外，小染色体也以很高的频率出现。通过上述研究分析表明，牙鲆鳃细胞系经多次传代后，其染色体与活体鳃细胞染色体相比存在着明显的差别，已经发生了变异，不适合用于牙鲆染色体核型、组型等方面的研究。[中国水产科学，2008，15（3）：483-487] 相似文献
9.
鱼类染色体核型和系统进化分析在鱼类种质资源保护和利用等方面发挥着重要作用,为丰富苏丹鱼(Leptobarbushoevenii)种质资源研究内容,本研究以苏丹鱼为研究对象,采用染色体冷滴片制备法分析了染色体核型特征,运用线粒体16S rRNA基因序列比对分析了其系统进化关系,探讨了鲃亚科鱼类种属间亲缘关系。染色体核型分析结果显示:苏丹鱼二倍体的染色体数为2n=50,其中包含中部着丝粒染色体(m)8条、亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm) 14条、亚端部着丝粒染色体(st) 2条和端部着丝粒染色体(t) 1条,核型公式为2n=16m+28sm+4st+2t,染色体臂数(NF)为94。14种鲃亚科鱼类的线粒体16SrRNA基因比对分析结果表明:鲃亚科鱼类的种间遗传距离为0.016～0.134,平均遗传距离为0.074;苏丹鱼与粗须白甲鱼(Onychostomabarbata)的种间遗传距离最大(0.134),与泰国短吻鱼(Sikukiastejnegeri)的种间遗传距离最小(0.090);系统进化关系结果显示:苏丹鱼位于进化树的基部,与四须鲃属亲缘关系较近。本研究结果可为苏丹鱼种质资源鉴定、品种改... 相似文献
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Hori Misaki Kimura Satoko S. Mizutani Yuichi Miyagawa Yoshimi Ito Konomi Arai Nobuaki Niizuma Yasuaki 《Fisheries Science》2022,88(6):741-750
Telomeres, repeating TTAGGG sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, increase genomic stability. Telomere shortening occurs not only during DNA replication associated with cell division but also under oxidative stress, where reactive oxygen species damage DNA. Therefore, changes in telomere length can be used to evaluate chronic cost or stress responses incurred by individuals. The phylogenetically unique Chondrichthyes are among the least-studied groups of marine vertebrates. Telomere data are limited and have only been reported in a few Chondrichthyes species. In this study, we measured telomere length and quantified oxidative stress and antioxidant power in 17 Chondrichthyes species whose telomere length has not been measured before. The presence of telomere sequences?>?30 bp and lower values of oxidative stress were confirmed in most species. Average telomere length was not correlated with oxidative stress and antioxidant power in 15 species for which both measurements were available. It would be desirable in the future to elucidate the nature of telomeres in Chondrichthyes, and their direct relationship with reactive oxygen species.
相似文献12.
Jie Dong Masaru Murakami Takafumi Fujimoto Etsuro Yamaha Katsutoshi Arai 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):935-941
Silver crucian carp Carassius auratus langsdorfii comprises a diploid-polyploid complex in wild Japanese populations. Bisexually reproducing diploids are sympatrically distributed with gynogenetically developing triploids and tetraploids. Triploid and tetraploid males are very rare among Japanese silver crucian carp due to their gynogenetic reproduction. We examined the genetic characteristics of progeny that arose in a tank by natural spawning of a tetraploid silver crucian carp pair. The ploidy status of 120 samples randomly collected from these progeny was determined to be tetraploid by DNA content flow cytometry. DNA fingerprints from a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay indicated that almost all the progeny examined had genotypes identical to the maternal tetraploid female with no paternally derived fragments. Selected specimens’ cytogenetic analyses revealed that the progeny examined had tetraploid chromosome numbers, categorized into 40 metacentric, 80 submetacentric, and 80 subtelocentric or telocentric chromosomes, which were arranged into quartets and six supernumerary microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization signals were detected in four homologous chromosomes in all analyzed metaphases prepared from diploid goldfish specimens. Contrary, tetraploid silver crucian carp gave eight rDNA signals. These results suggest that gynogenetic development in eggs spawned by tetraploid females should be triggered by tetraploid males’ homospecific sperm. 相似文献
13.
荧光原位杂交fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）技术是一种简单而有效的染色体上物理定位DNA序列的技术。本文介绍了荧光原位杂交技术的基本原理以及实验流程,综述了近年来FISH技术在鱼类基因定位方面的应用,如来源于细菌人工染色体（bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC）文库的单拷贝基因的定位、核糖体基因和组蛋白基因等中度重复序列的定位、着丝粒特异序列和性别特异序列等高度重复序列的定位以及其他重复序列的定位等,用于研究特定基因定位、性染色体鉴定及种间杂交等遗传学问题,并展望了此技术在定位鱼类经济性状相关标记或基因、性别相关标记或基因及种特异染色体标记中的应用前景。 相似文献
14.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1996,140(3):197-216
The technology is now in place for major advances in the genetics and cytogenetics of fishes at the molecular level. One promising method with broad application is fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Methodologies of FISH and the current and potential uses of these chromosomal techniques in fish genetics are reviewed. Highly repetitive ribosomal genes (rDNAs) and the multicopy genes for histones have been localized in several fish species and are providing new information on the evolution of salmonid genomes. Microdissection techniques such as those used to examine the Y chromosome of lake trout can produce paint probes useful in determining chromosomal arm homologies between closely related species. Repetitive sequences isolated from various fish species have been localized to centromeres, telomeres, and sex chromosomes. Some of these are currently being used as species-specific, chromosome-specific or sex-specific probes in aquaculture of fishes. Centromeric and telomeric probes have been used to examine intraspecific chromosome rearrangements such as the transposition of rDNA. Similarly, these types of probes could be used as genome markers for examining interspecific hybrids and in the study of nuclear organization (i.e. the spatial arrangement of chromosomes in interphase cells and gametes) Chromosome mapping of single copy genes, microsatellite loci and syntenic gene groups is now possible with FISH techniques and will be useful in isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) of importance in aquaculture. 相似文献
15.
Kenta Adachi Keiko Ohnishi Takashi Kuramochi Tatsuki Yoshinaga Sei-Ichi Okumura 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):445-450
Octopus (Amphioctopus) areolatus is an important marine cephalopod in Japan. We examined its diploid chromosome number, karyotype, and genome size (C value), and performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a vertebrate telomeric probe. The diploid chromosome number was 60 in embryonic cells, with 24 pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of metacentric/submetacentric chromosomes, and two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The mean C value was estimated to be 5.47 pg. From these findings, and those reported previously for other octopus species, we suggest that the factor causing the quantum change of C value in O. (A.) areolatus was genome duplication, and not polyploidy. In telomeric FISH analysis, hybridization signals were clearly observed in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes. This is the first report of FISH analysis of cephalopod chromosomes, and our findings suggest that the telomere sequence of O. (A.) areolatus is (TTAGGG) n , which may allow gene mapping in the future. 相似文献
16.
本研究将基于线粒体COⅠ部分序列的DNA条形码和DNA芯片技术相结合,以鳀科11属30种鱼类为研究对象,在比对分析其DNA条形码序列的基础上,利用软件Oligo Array 2.1筛选探针,经OligoCalc优化探针,去除易形成发夹(Hairpin)、茎环(Stem-loop)及自身二聚体结构(Homodimers)的探针,再利用Oligo heat map对探针与靶标序列进行虚拟杂交,共有14个物种的24条探针能与靶标序列特异性结合.利用DNA条形码芯片技术能将14个物种鉴定到种,虽然物种识别能力仅占总物种数的46.7％,但鉴定准确率可达100％.因此,基于COⅠ基因的DNA芯片技术对鳀科鱼类物种鉴定有一定的实用价值,但该技术对物种的识别能力尚有较大提升空间,通过筛选和优化得到高质量的分子探针则是突破该项技术的关键. 相似文献
17.
Molecular evolution of neurohypophysial hormones in relation to osmoregulation: the two fish options
R. Acher J. Chauvet M.T. Chauvet G. Michel Y. Rouillé 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):325-332
In vertebrates, water and osmolyte homeostasis is controlled by at least three hormonal systems: the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the atrial natriuretic factor system. The first system implies neuroendocrine reflexes involving an afferent neural limb from osmo- and baroreceptors to hypothalamus and an efferent endocrine limb from secretory neurons to target cell receptors and transduction to intracellular effectors, namely water and sodium channels. Evolution can affect any level of this molecular cascade. Whereas virtually all vertebrate species have two neurohypophysial hormones, an oxytocin-like and a vasopressin-like peptides, the most primitive vertebrates, Cyclostomata (lampreys and hagfishes) possess a single peptide, vasotocin, so that an early gene duplication occurred before the emergence of fishes, about 400 million years ago. The remarkable evolutionary stability of neurohypophysial hormones in bony vertebrates allows us to trace two main lineages: isotocin-mesotocin-oxytocin and vasotocin-vasopressin. In contrast, in cartilaginous fishes, the oxytocin-like peptides display a great evolutionary diversity: we have identified glumitocin in rays, aspargtocin and valitocin in the spiny dogfish, asvatocin and phasvatocin in the spotted dogfish, and oxytocin in the chimaera. Whereas bony vertebrates regulate their blood osmotic pressure (about 250–450 mOsm kg-1 H2O) essentially through salts, cartilaginous fishes use urea as the main osmolyte for adjusting their osmotic pressure above the external medium (about 1050 mOsm kg-1 H2O for marine fishes). The hypothesis is made that the stability of neurohypophysial hormones in bony vertebrates is due to their implication in ion-based osmoregulation (selective evolution), whereas in Chondrichthyes the occurrence of urea-based osmoregulation has relieved the hormones from this function and therefore made them free to vary (neutral evolution). 相似文献
18.
Hua Ping Zhu Mai Xin Lu Zhang Han Huang Feng Ying Gao Dong Mei Ma Li Zhou Jian Fang Gui 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(8):1178-1185
Chromosomal karyotypes of Oreochromis mossambicus and O. urolepis hornorum and their hybrid were analysed by means of Cot‐1 DNA bandings through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To identify all chromosomes, Cot‐1 DNA – which contains highly and moderately repetitive DNA – was extracted from genomic DNA, labelled as a probe with Dig‐11‐dUTP, and in situ hybridized to spreads of mitotic chromosomes of the three samples. The hybridized signals were detected by means of Cy3‐conjugated antidigoxigenin. The FISH results indicated that the three samples had the same diploid number (2n=44) of chromosomes. Specific fluorescence signal bands were detected on all individual chromosome pairs. On the basis of Cot‐1 DNA FISH banding patterns and chromosome morphology, the karyotypes of the three samples have been constructed; no remarkable differences were detected between the karyotypes of these species using this method. These results – which are similar to those reported previously, with respect to chromosome number, morphology and Cot‐1 DNA FISH patterns – suggest chromosomal stasis during speciation and hybridization of tilapia (Oreochromis, Cichlidae). Such a molecular cytogenetic procedure, if used in conjunction with other genomic research methods, could facilitate the study of genomic structure and be adapted for chromosome studies of other animal species. 相似文献
19.
Exotic animals can cause genetic contamination of indigenous species if they escape and reproduce in wild populations. The loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and species related to it have been imported into Japan for commercial use. We collected live loach specimens from the central wholesale market in Tokyo. For the 451 specimens collected, ploidy status was examined by DNA content flow cytometry, and polyploid loaches with triploid, tetraploid, and other higher ploidy ranges were detected. Hypertriploid and hypertetraploid individuals were easily detected by flow cytometry using standard eudiploid, eutriploid, and eutetraploid controls, and the reproductive capacities of these hyperpolyploid males were then examined. Sperm of hypertriploid males did not exhibit active progressive motility, and major populations of spermatozoa or spermatozoon-like cells were detected in the triploid and hexaploid ranges. Motile haploid spermatozoa were very rare in sperm from hypertriploid males. Therefore, hypertriploid males were sterile, whereas hypertetraploid males produced fertile hyperdiploid spermatozoa with active progressive motility after contact with ambient water. Viable progeny occurred in crosses between normal wild-type diploid females and hypertetraploid males, but androgenotes induced by the fertilization of UV-irradiated eggs with the sperm of hypertetraploid males were inviable hyperdiploids. Cytogenetic analyses of those androgenotes indicated that hypertetraploid males should produce hyperdiploid spermatozoa with 2n?=?54 (i.e., four supernumerary microchromosomes). 相似文献
20.
利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术将5S rDNA基因定位在牙鲆和半滑舌鳎染色体上,结果表明,5S rDNA基因在雌、雄性半滑舌鳎的一对同源染色体上分别存在2个杂交信号位点;在二、三倍体牙鲆的同源染色体上分别存在2个和3个杂交信号位点,杂交信号明显且特异。本研究首次将5S rDNA基因定位在半滑舌鳎和三倍体牙鲆的染色体上,为牙鲆及半滑舌鳎倍性鉴定、染色体鉴别提供了有效方法。此外,根据牙鲆5S rDNA基因编码区序列设计引物,扩增出大菱鲆和半滑舌鳎5S rDNA基因编码区序列,与鲽、塞内加尔鳎、大口黑鲈、七鳃鳗的5SrDNA基因序列进行同源性比较后发现,5种鲽形目鱼类5S rDNA基因序列同源性高达98.3%,系统发生分析结果显示5种鲽形目鱼类聚为一支;各序列中GC含量均显著高于AT含量。 相似文献