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1.
本研究对实验室开发的12对短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)高多态性微卫星标记进行优化组合,构建了4组三重PCR体系,对短蛸4个母本(♀1、♀2、♀3和♀4)、104个子代及19个候选父本进行亲权鉴定,分析其交配模式。结果显示,构建的4组三重PCR体系可有效鉴定短蛸的亲权关系,104个子代鉴定率为94.23%。♀1组样品鉴定出12个子代,父本数为3个;♀2组样品鉴定出40个子代,父本数为7个;♀3组样品鉴定出19个子代,父本数为2个;♀4组样品鉴定出27个子代,父本数为4个;并且♂2、♂3、♂7和♂10均与2个以上的母本发生了交配。由此分析得出,短蛸交配模式存在多雌多雄关系。研究结果为高效开展短蛸人工繁育、增养殖及放流工作提供了重要参考。 相似文献
2.
脉红螺交配后性选择机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
交配后性选择是雌性混交动物中的一种普遍现象,其选择机制较为复杂,是性选择研究领域中的重点和难点问题.脉红螺是我国重要的大型经济贝类之一,繁殖形式为多雌多雄混交模式.为了研究该模式繁殖机制,本研究利用6个微卫星标记及行为学观察对脉红螺3个家系进行父权分析.结果表明,3个家系均存在多父性现象,证实脉红螺繁殖属于真正遗传意义上的雌性混交模式.3个家系中父权比例与父本的6个形态学参数及交配持续时间不存在关联性,但均表现出最先与母本交配的父本其后代比例最高,而最后交配的父本其后代比例最低,表明脉红螺交配后性选择存在最先雄性精子优先受精现象,这一现象符合“topping off”假说,即最先交配的雄性排放了大量精子占据了受精囊的主要空间,导致其子代的比例最高;而最后交配的雄性由于受精囊空间的限制,其精子占据空间最少.本研究为海洋无脊椎动物的交配后性选择机制研究提供重要参考资料. 相似文献
3.
《水产学报》2016,(6)
交配后性选择是雌性混交动物中的一种普遍现象,其选择机制较为复杂,是性选择研究领域中的重点和难点问题。脉红螺是我国重要的大型经济贝类之一,繁殖形式为多雌多雄混交模式。为了研究该模式繁殖机制,本研究利用6个微卫星标记及行为学观察对脉红螺3个家系进行父权分析。结果表明,3个家系均存在多父性现象,证实脉红螺繁殖属于真正遗传意义上的雌性混交模式。3个家系中父权比例与父本的6个形态学参数及交配持续时间不存在关联性,但均表现出最先与母本交配的父本其后代比例最高,而最后交配的父本其后代比例最低,表明脉红螺交配后性选择存在最先雄性精子优先受精现象,这一现象符合"topping off"假说,即最先交配的雄性排放了大量精子占据了受精囊的主要空间,导致其子代的比例最高;而最后交配的雄性由于受精囊空间的限制,其精子占据空间最少。本研究为海洋无脊椎动物的交配后性选择机制研究提供重要参考资料。 相似文献
4.
奥利亚罗非鱼(♀)×鳜( ♂ )远缘杂交子代的遗传结构 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
采用RAPD和测序的方法,对奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)(♀)与鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)(♂)的杂交子代组合与父母本的遗传关系进行研究,探讨远缘杂交双亲对子代遗传结构的影响。其中,杂交子代包括A、B、C 3个组合,A组合为奥利亚罗非鱼与鳜杂交的F1代;因A组合无雄性,将其与奥利亚罗非鱼(母本)的雄性回交,所得子代为B组合;C组合为B组合间兄妹交的自交子代。结果表明,奥利亚罗非鱼、鳜、A、B和C组合的多态位点比例分别为19.32%、15.30%、41.33%、29.80%和32.31%。奥利亚罗非鱼和鳜间的遗传相似性系数和遗传距离分别为0.288 5和1.243 2。A、B、C组合与父本的遗传相似性系数分别为0.343 4、0.293 7、0.328 7,遗传距离分别为1.068 9、1.225 1、1.112 5;与母本的遗传相似性系数分别为0.903 7、0.916 8、0.922 5,遗传距离分别为0.101 3、0.086 9、0.080 7。本研究中找到一个在杂交A、B及C组合均出现的与父本共有的条带。测序结果表明,该条带长362 bp,在子代与父本中的一致性为100%。研究结果说明,奥利亚罗非鱼和鳜杂交子代中导入了父本遗传物质,导致子代组合的多态性增加,与父本的遗传差异变小,而且,这些遗传物质能稳定进行遗传;随着A组合与母本的回交及B组合的自交,又使得杂交子代的遗传结构向母本靠近。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):32-38] 相似文献
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牙鲆减数分裂与有丝分裂雌核发育的遗传差异 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
利用同一尾牙鲆亲鱼的同一批卵子诱导减数分裂雌核发育二倍体和有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体,同时用牙鲆精子做人工授精制备普通二倍体,作为对照组。利用10对微卫星引物对普通二倍体和两种雌核发育二倍体进行遗传分析。结果表明,母本基因型在8个位点为杂合,2个位点为纯合。普通二倍体有6种基因型,等位基因均来自父母本的随机结合,类型丰富;母本与子代、子代个体之间的遗传相似系数分别为0.452 8和0.560 3,接近随机交配群体的遗传相似度。减数分裂雌核发育二倍体有3种基因型,除在1个位点出现异于母本的纯合基因型外,其他所有位点的基因型与母本完全一致;母本与子代、子代个体之间遗传相似系数分别为0.976 6和0.959 5,接近近交系的遗传相似度。有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体有2种基因型,且全部为纯合型;母本与子代、子代个体之间遗传相似系数分别为0.806 2和0.742 5,有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体全部为纯合个体。减数分裂雌核发育二倍体具有高度的遗传相似性,适于固定母本性状;有丝分裂雌核发育二倍体纯合度高,适于作为制备克隆的亲本;两者具有明显不同的遗传特性,均可作为特征不同的育种材料。 相似文献
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用大黄鱼(♀)和(鱼免)( ♂)进行属间杂交,获得了56.25%的受精率,45.24%的孵化率和0.65%的鱼苗成活率.对杂交亲本与子代进行了微卫星和AFLP标记的比较分析,结果表明:4个微卫星位点(LYC0003,LYC0006,LYC0007,LYC0008)都可扩增出清晰的亲本差异条带,26个F1个体中均未出现雄鱼特有条带;4 对选择性扩增引物(E-ACC/M-CAG,E-AAC/M-CAT,E-AAC/M-CTA,E- AGC/M-CTC)共检出326个AFLP条带,143条母本特异性条带中有132 条出现在子代中,94 条父本特异性条带中只有18 条出现在子代中,子代中另出现了33 条非亲条带.F1个体之间的遗传相似系数为0.891,与母本、父本间的遗传相似系数分别为0.853、0.271;F1个体之间的遗传距离为0.116,与母本、父本间的遗传距离分别为0.159、1.307,表明杂交子代与母本大黄鱼之间具有极高的遗传同质性,属异精雌核发育个体. 相似文献
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为探讨我国近海蛸亚科(Octopodinae)动物的系统进化关系,本研究通过PCR扩增得到了东海区蛸亚科2属12种蛸类的线粒体COⅡ基因部分序列。纯化后测序,利用多个生物软件对序列变异和碱基组成进行分析。Kimura双参数法计算遗传距离,并结合GenBank上相关头足类同源序列构建NJ、UPGMA系统树。结果表明,蛸类COⅡ基因符合一般线粒体基因A+T含量较高的特点,有较为明显的反G偏倚。其变异位点较多的集中在第三位,编码的氨基酸序列变异位点较少。遗传距离分析表明,所得物种的遗传距离介于0.000与0.232 3之间,且大多位于0.140 0~0.200 0之间。聚类分析表明,所研究蛸类被明显地聚为两大类,即以真蛸为代表的长腕类和以砂蛸为代表的短腕类,证明了蛸属的非单系性。探讨了部分蛸类的分类地位,并就COⅡ基因在头足类系统进化研究的应用潜力进行了剖析。 相似文献
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褐牙鲆(♀)、夏鲆(♂)及其杂交子一代的ITS1序列特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以雌褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、雄夏鲆(P.dentatus)及其子一代为研究对象,对其核糖体基因的ITS1序列进行比较分析。结果表明,ITS1序列具有明显的种间及个体内差异。在雄夏鲆ITS1序列中仅发现1种基因类型(X型),而在雌褐牙鲆及子一代ITS1序列中发现两种差异显著的基因型(X型和Y型)。在亲本中未检测到两种类型的交换重组序列,而在子代中检测到4个X型与Y型的重组序列,说明子代ITS1区域更容易发生交换重组。进一步的遗传距离分析发现,母本与子代之间的遗传距离(0.059)明显大于父本与子代之间的遗传距离(0.018),且子代中X型片段出现的频率(85.5%)远大于Y型片段出现频率(8.7%),表明亲本双方ITS1区域的遗传信息都遗传给了子代并且X型片段的遗传信息明显占有优势,进而从分子水平上证明子代为褐牙鲆与夏鲆的杂交后代。本研究旨在分析牙鲆属亲本及子代的ITS1序列特征,为鱼类核糖体基因的研究积累数据。 相似文献
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大黄鱼（♀）与鮸（♂）杂交的遗传分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
用大黄鱼（♀）和鮸（♂）进行属间杂交，获得了56.25%的受精率，45.24%的孵化率和0.65%的鱼苗成活率。对杂交亲本与子代进行了微卫星和AFLP标记的比较分析，结果表明：4个微卫星位点（LYC0003，LYC0006，LYC0007，LYC0008）都可扩增出清晰的亲本差异条带，26个F1个体中均未出现雄鱼特有条带；4 对选择性扩增引物（E-ACC/M-CAG, E-AAC/M-CAT, E-AAC/M-CTA, E-AGC/M-CTC）共检出326个AFLP条带，143条母本特异性条带中有132 条出现在子代中，94 条父本特异性条带中只有18 条出现在子代中，子代中另出现了33 条非亲条带。F1个体之间的遗传相似系数为0.891，与母本、父本间的遗传相似系数分别为0.853、0.271；F1个体之间的遗传距离为0.116，与母本、父本间的遗传距离分别为0.159、1.307，表明杂交子代与母本大黄鱼之间具有极高的遗传同质性，属异精雌核发育个体。 相似文献
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为了解黄姑鱼（Nibea albiflora）异质雌核发育子代的基因纯合情况,利用微卫星标记（SSR）和扩增片段长度多态性标记（AFLP）对黄姑鱼异质雌核发育家系进行遗传鉴定和分析。结果显示：（1）雌核发育家系在4个SSR位点和5对AFLP引物组合扩增出的位点均未发现父本特异性等位条带,表明雌核发育体比率为100%。（2）用于遗传分析的7个SSR位点在雌核发育家系和正常交配家系中均未见完全纯合的情况,雌核发育家系7个SSR位点的平均纯合度为0.382,是正常交配家系（0.161）的2.37倍。雌核发育家系各个体的纯合位点数为0~6个,纯合位点所占比例为0~85.7%。（3）5对AFLP引物共扩增出182条清晰的扩增条带,其中有21条父本特异性条带和16条母本特异性条带。16条母本特异性条带中有7个条带在雌核发育家系中显著偏分离（P<0.05）。雌核发育家系和正常交配家系多态性条带比例分别为14.7%和20.3%。（4）雌核发育家系与母本的遗传相似度高于与正常交配家系的遗传相似度,正常交配家系同父本和母本的遗传距离大致相同。研究结果表明,黄姑鱼异质雌核发育二倍体家系的遗传纯合度显著高于正常交配家系,人工诱导雌核发育是促进基因纯合的一个有效途径,它不仅可以加速有利基因的纯合固定,还可以加速有害基因的淘汰,从而有效提高育种效率。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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19.
Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
20.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献