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1.
以黄海北部沿海捕获的野生黄条(Seriola aureovittata)为实验材料,经过体内注射植物血球凝聚素(PHA)和秋水仙素,取头肾细胞,经空气干燥法制片,Giemsa染液染色后,观察黄条的染色体核型和特征.本研究分析了21条黄条的80个中期染色体核型,结果显示,黄条核型有48条染色体,2n=48占所观察分裂相的比例是81.25％;第1对染色体有次缢痕和随体.核型公式为2n=48=6sm+4st+38t,其染色体臂的数量为54,单倍体染色体总长度约为51.97 μm.黄条染色体核型比较独特,具有3对亚中部染色体和2对亚端部染色体;不同于以往报道的其他属鱼类的染色体核型特征.通过比较分析认为,黄条为进化上的高位类群中的特化类群.本研究为属鱼类的细胞遗传学研究提供了基础资料,并为黄条种质资源保护及未来人工养殖等奠定基础. 相似文献
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Farming of yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi , Valenciennes, 1833) in the coastal waters of Australia is a relatively new aquaculture industry, and little is known about the magnitude of nutrient discharges from individual pens. In this work, we modelled the flow of nitrogen for each of two commercial pens in Fitzgerald Bay, upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia. The fish were fed commercial pellets with feed conversion ratios (FCRs) between 3.0 and 3.2 (dry weight feed/wet weight growth). These high values of FCR were reflected in the high nitrogen loads to the environment (176–195 kg N tonne−1 growth) and a small retention of nitrogen in fish growth (14–16% of feed inputs). Considering an annual production of 2000 tonnes, total loads to the environment can reach 391 tonnes N year−1 . Eighty-two per cent of these loads are expected to be lost to the water column as dissolved wastes. The high nutrient loads and the importance of dissolved wastes compared with other aquaculture species, such as salmon and trout, reflect the distinctly higher metabolic rates of this pelagic predatory species. The nature of the wastes suggests low localized impacts at current production levels, but regional effects remain unknown. 相似文献
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Mohammad Reza Kalbassi Salar Dorafshan Tahereh Tavakolian Mahmoud Khazab & Hosein Abdolhay 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(13):1341-1347
The karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of endangered Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, in the southern part of the Caspian Sea were investigated. From the total of 60 mitotic metaphases achieved from 15 individuals, 15, 9 and 36 metaphases were with the mode <76, 76 and 80 representing 25%, 15% and 60% of metaphases respectively. So, the most common pattern of chromosome number was 80 (36 metaphases, 60%) and the number of diploid chromosomes was thus confirmed as (2n=80) of this subspecies. The karyotype consists of seven metacentric, five submetacentric and 28 telocentric pairs. The karyological parameters of the Caspian salmon, the centromic index, arm ratio, relative length and length variation range of chromosomes, were 0–0.5, 1–∞, 0.011–0.045 and 0.507–2.028 μm respectively. The total length of chromosomes in haploid series was 44.776 μm and fundamental number of chromosome arms was 104. This study may provide the first knowledge on chromosome analysis in Caspian salmon and add basic information useful for its chromosomal manipulations. 相似文献
4.
利用2b-RAD技术对119尾黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)个体进行测序,共获得黄条鰤SNP分子标记26665个,对黄条鰤个体的体质量和全长这2个重要生长性状进行全基因组关联分析,筛选与体质量和全长性状相关的SNP位点和候选基因。结果显示,黄条鰤体质量性状中共筛选到17个体质量显著关联的SNP位点,找到17个可能的候选基因,全长性状共筛选到12个潜在显著关联位点,找到12个可能的候选基因。利用KEGG数据库对可能的候选基因进行Pathway分析,得知候选基因主要参与了细胞或组织生长发育相关的代谢通路调控过程,可能是影响黄条鰤生长性状密切相关的重要候选SNP位点和功能基因,结果可为今后黄条鰤种质资源可持续利用和育种提供遗传信息资料积累。 相似文献
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利用2b-RAD技术对119尾黄条[鱼师](Seriola lalandi)个体进行测序,共获得黄条[鱼师]SNP分子标记26665个,对黄条[鱼师]个体的体质量和全长这2个重要生长性状进行全基因组关联分析,筛选与体质量和全长性状相关的SNP位点和候选基因。结果显示,黄条[鱼师]体质量性状中共筛选到17个体质量显著关联的SNP位点,找到17个可能的候选基因,全长性状共筛选到12个潜在显著关联位点,找到12个可能的候选基因。利用KEGG数据库对可能的候选基因进行Pathway分析,得知候选基因主要参与了细胞或组织生长发育相关的代谢通路调控过程,可能是影响黄条[鱼师]生长性状密切相关的重要候选SNP位点和功能基因,结果可为今后黄条[鱼师]种质资源可持续利用和育种提供遗传信息资料积累。 相似文献
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Infections by the gill fluke Zeuxapta seriolae are a serious concern for sea cage aquaculture of kingfish, Seriola lalandi. The present study aimed to determine the pathophysiological effects of a progressive infection with Z. seriolae and the effects of treatment with hydrogen peroxide. For the progression of infection study, infected fish were taken from a sea cage farm, treated to remove parasites and then infected by cohabitation with heavily infected fish. Samples were taken at 2-week intervals for 8 weeks. Infection intensity peaked at 4 weeks post-infection (mean intensity 565.9) and the number of mature worms (2 mm fixed length or larger) peaked at 6 weeks post-infection. Attachment of Z. seriolae appeared to cause little localized pathology; however, the occurrence of hyperplastic lamellae increased as the infection progressed. Haemoglobin concentrations were negatively correlated with Z. seriolae intensity and were lower than controls at 4 weeks (35.8% decrease) and 6 weeks (57.4% decrease) post-infection. Blood lactate concentration and plasma osmolality increased throughout the course of infection. For the effect of treatment experiment, groups of infected and non-infected fish were sampled either before or after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Treated fish from both infected and uninfected groups had increased plasma lactate, osmolality and pH compared with pre-treatment groups. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide appeared to have acute effects on fish health but the magnitude (e.g. lactate, osmolality) and extent of the effects (e.g. haemoglobin) was much less than that caused by chronic infection with Z. seriolae. 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
染色体是遗传物质的载体,是研究细胞遗传学的基础,为研究克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型,实验以性未成熟雄性个体的精巢为材料,采用低渗和空气干燥常规方法制备细胞分裂中期染色体标本,研究了克氏原螯虾染色体及核型。Giemsa和DAPI染色后在显微镜下观察到清晰的精母细胞减数分裂中期二价体和精原细胞有丝分裂中期染色体时相。对减数分裂中期二价体及有丝分裂中期染色体进行了数目上的统计。结果显示,克氏原螯虾二倍与单倍染色体数目分别为2N=188和N=94。由于有丝分裂染色体形状微小,核型分析困难,故选取减数分裂中期二价体,根据长度及着丝点位置对其进行了初步核型分析,核型公式为N=55M+22(SM,ST)+17T,未发现异形性染色体。 相似文献
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Two feeding trials were conducted to initiate the development of a practical soy‐based diet for California yellowtail (YT), Seriola lalandi. The first trial evaluated fish meal (FM), FM + solvent‐extracted soybean meal (SBM) or FM + soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based diets and a commercial reference diet (Skretting Marine Grower). Final weights (31.8–67.6 g), per cent gain (492.8–1059.9%) and feed conversion ratio (1.11–1.59) all followed a similar response in that fish offered the commercial diet performed significantly better than fish maintained on the other diets. The second trial was designed to evaluate the replacement of FM with increasing levels of soy protein. The basal diet contained 400 g kg?1 FM and 240 g kg?1 SBM. The FM was then reduced to 300 g kg?1, 200 g kg?1 and 150 g kg?1 of the diet using SPC as the replacement protein. Final weight (41.2–64.1 g) and per cent gain (110.5–226.5%) followed similar trends with decreases in performance as the FM level was reduced. No gross signs of enteritis were noted, indicating that reduced performance was likely due to nutrient deficiencies or palatability problems rather than an allergic response. Results demonstrate that there is potential to develop reduced FM diets for this species using soy protein. 相似文献
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Miriam Esther Garcia‐Mendoza Jorge Cceres‐Martínez Rebeca Vsquez‐Yeomans Roberto Cruz‐Flores 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(5):934-953
The bacteriological water quality associated with marine fish farming systems can be a determining factor in the development of disease, and understanding this quality is fundamental for the prevention and control of possible disease outbreaks. In the present study, the bacteriological water quality of a yellowtail amberjack Seriola lalandi broodstock maintenance system, composed of two units of a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS 1 and RAS 2), was determined. From February 2016 to January 2017, monthly samples of surface water were taken at six points in the two RAS systems: (a) from the water reception tank and (b) from filter 1 and (c) tank 1 (in RAS 1) and (d) filter 2 and (e) tank 2 (in RAS 2) and from a joint (f) discharge point. The bacteriological quality was determined by counting total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and by molecular identification (16S rRNA gene). The number of THB showed a tendency to decrease in filters 1 and 2, to increase in tanks 1 and 2, and again increase in the discharge. The fluctuation of THB, in general, was from 1.0 × 103 to 2.9 × 105 CFU/mL. In total, 102 colonies were isolated, corresponding to nine orders and 52 species, and Vibrionales and Alteromonadales were the most abundant orders. The bacterium Vibrio harveyi, a pathogen of S. lalandi, was identified, as were other bacterial species that are known pathogens; however, no signs of disease or mortality events were recorded during the study. These results suggest that the bacterial community contributed to the maintenance of a balance in the RAS, which prevented the development of infectious diseases. Furthermore, the physicochemical parameters (temperature, oxygen, nitrogen compounds, and alkalinity) were maintained within the optimum range required by S. lalandi. Some zoonotic bacteria were found, as well as bacteria with probiotic and industrial uses. These results represent the first report on bacteriological quality in RAS for S. lalandi. 相似文献
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橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼的染色体核型分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用体腔注射PHA-空气干燥法对橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)和荷那龙罗非鱼(O.hornorum)染色体数量、形态和核型进行了分析和比较。结果显示:两种罗非鱼的二倍体染色体数目均为2n=44,都具有1对特大的染色体,未发现中部着丝粒染色体对和异型染色体。两种罗非鱼的染色体组型形态基本相似,它们的核型公式为2n=44,6sm+24st+14t,NF=50,用常规染色体染色的方法难以区分。研究结果表明,这两种罗非鱼的常规核型差异不显著,在分类地位上非常接近。 相似文献
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洞庭青鲫的染色体核型分析及品种鉴定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratusvar.Dongtingking)肾细胞染色体的核型进行了分析,并对此鱼种进行了品种鉴定。核型分析表明,洞庭青鲫的肾细胞染色体组是由100条染色体组成,染色体组型按着丝粒位置可分为四组,分别是中部着丝粒染色体、亚中部着丝粒染色体、亚端部着丝粒染色体、端部着丝粒染色体。其中中部着丝粒染色体15对,亚中部着丝粒染色体10对,亚端部着丝粒染色体13对,端部着丝粒染色体12对,每对染色体均由二条同源染色体组成。洞庭青鲫肌肉细胞的DNA相对含量(55.75±1.59)(17尾)与二倍体红鲫(Carassiusauratusvar.Red)肌肉细胞DNA相对含量(55.68±1.64)(15尾)基本相等。结果说明,洞庭青鲫是一种二倍体鲫鱼,其染色体数目为2n=100,核型公式为2n=30m+20sm+26st+24t,NF=150。 相似文献
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鱼类染色体核型和系统进化分析在鱼类种质资源保护和利用等方面发挥着重要作用,为丰富苏丹鱼(Leptobarbushoevenii)种质资源研究内容,本研究以苏丹鱼为研究对象,采用染色体冷滴片制备法分析了染色体核型特征,运用线粒体16S rRNA基因序列比对分析了其系统进化关系,探讨了鲃亚科鱼类种属间亲缘关系。染色体核型分析结果显示:苏丹鱼二倍体的染色体数为2n=50,其中包含中部着丝粒染色体(m)8条、亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm) 14条、亚端部着丝粒染色体(st) 2条和端部着丝粒染色体(t) 1条,核型公式为2n=16m+28sm+4st+2t,染色体臂数(NF)为94。14种鲃亚科鱼类的线粒体16SrRNA基因比对分析结果表明:鲃亚科鱼类的种间遗传距离为0.016～0.134,平均遗传距离为0.074;苏丹鱼与粗须白甲鱼(Onychostomabarbata)的种间遗传距离最大(0.134),与泰国短吻鱼(Sikukiastejnegeri)的种间遗传距离最小(0.090);系统进化关系结果显示:苏丹鱼位于进化树的基部,与四须鲃属亲缘关系较近。本研究结果可为苏丹鱼种质资源鉴定、品种改... 相似文献
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Three groups of gynogenetic diploid bighead carp were successfully obtained by means of artificial gynogenesis. The activation rates of gynogenesis varied from 75.9% to 98.8%, and the frequency of spontaneous diploidization was around 0.4%. Over 2000 normally gynogenetic diploid fry were obtained in three gynogenetic groups. The haploid karyotype consisted of nine metacentric, 12 submetacentric, three subtelocentric chromosomes and 45 arms. The chromosome number was 48 from gynogenetic diploid. The results showed that the genetic material of offspring was maternal. The aneuploid hybrid embryos of bighead carp and Xingguo red common carp with chromosome numbers ranging from 28 to 73 did not survive post hatch, likely the result of incompatibility between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of two parents. Sixty RAPD primers from three groups were used for total DNA amplification of gynogenetic offspring, maternal and ‘paternal’ fish. A total of 451 bands were amplified from three kinds of samples above. From maternal bighead carp, 256 bands were amplified; however, there were 251 shared bands between maternal and gynogenetic bighead carp. From artificial gynogenetic offspring, two ‘paternal’ DNA segments without an expression function were found. An UPGMA tree showed that gynogenetic offspring were closely clustered and the genetic identity among them was very high (0.956). 相似文献
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A captive population of California yellowtail (Seriola lalandi) was used to document spawning patterns, including measures of egg production, population fecundity and egg and larval quality from 2007 to 2010. Spawned eggs were also used to document larval development and to develop rearing techniques for aquaculture in the region. Broodstock growth and condition factor were best when feeding rations were maintained at 10–15% body weight week?1 during the warm summer months. A winter ration based on satiation feeding was typically 4% body weight week?1. During the 4‐year study period, the only broodstock health issue was an infestation by the parasitic gill fluke Zeuxapta seriolae, which was readily treated. Spawning occurred naturally in the 140 m3 tank when the ambient water temperature reached 16°C and ended when the temperature exceeded 22°C. Egg production reached a maximum in 2010 when 43 spawn events were recorded from a pool of nine females yielding 36.8 million eggs in total. The average female size at this time was 20 kg, which equated to a total annual population fecundity of approximately 226 000 eggs kg?1 female year?1. Larval rearing trials yielded survival rates as high as 5.8% from egg to 50 days post‐hatch (dph). Successful larval culture methods included the addition of algae paste for green water culture, rotifers (20 rotifers mL?1) at 2 dph and Artemia (5 Artemia mL?1) at 6 dph. Larvae were transferred from the incubation tank at 10 dph to a shallower tank with 33% greater surface area to accommodate the larvae's strong orientation to surface waters. This research represents the first documentation of successful spawning and larval rearing for S. lalandi in the eastern Pacific. 相似文献
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棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）是我国重要的海洋经济鱼类之一,具有特别的多性染色体系统（X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y)。本研究使用流式细胞术（flow cytometry,FCM）首次估测了棘头梅童鱼基因组的大小,并利用碘化丙啶染色与图像分析软件测定棘头梅童鱼24对染色体的相对面积、相对长度以及相对累积荧光强度,估算了染色体的物理长度。结果显示,雌性和雄性棘头梅童鱼的基因组大小分别为802.91 ± 2.19 Mb和786.52 ± 1.95 Mb。雌性基因组显著大于雄性基因组（约16.39 Mb）。雌性的核型公式为2n = 48 = 48t,臂数NF = 48, 染色体估测物理长度在（22.17 ± 0.72） Mb ~ （46.30 ± 1.06） Mb之间。雄性的核型公式为2n = 47 = 1m + 46t,臂数NF = 48。其中,雄性特有的m染色体为Y染色体,其估测物理长度为（62.95 ± 2.89 ）Mb。染色体的估测物理长度与相对面积、相对长度均成正线性相关。研究结果为棘头梅童鱼染色体的识别、配对提供更丰富的信息,为棘头梅童鱼Y染色体的组装及石首鱼科鱼类染色体进化提供参考数据。 相似文献
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黄颡染色体组型的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素,肾细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备黄颡鱼的染色体玻片,对100个中期分裂相记数统计,确定黄颡的2倍染色体数为2n=52。由测得的核型参数和按Levan等提出的染色体划分标准得出：有14对中部着丝点染色体(m)；5对亚中部着丝点染色体(sm)；4对亚端部着丝点染色体(st)；3对端部着丝点染色体(t)。其染色体总臂数(NF)为90,黄颡核型公式为2n=28m 10sm 8st 6t。 相似文献
19.
Ambient salinity and osmoregulation,energy metabolism and growth in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833) in a recirculating aquaculture system 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ainhoa Blanco Garcia Gavin J Partridge Gert Flik Jonathan A C Roques Wout Abbink 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2789-2797
The effects of salinity on plasma osmolality, branchial chloride cell density, feed consumption and conversion and growth performance of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) were evaluated. Fish (11.6 ± 0.6 g) were kept for 29 days at 14, 18, 22, 26 (experimental) and 30 g L?1 (control) salinity in independent, pilot‐scale recirculation aquaculture systems. No differences in plasma osmolality or chloride cell numbers in gills were observed, pointing to a strong osmoregulatory capacity in the juveniles. Fish at 14, 18 and 22 g L?1 (7.61 ± 0.19, 7.61 ± 0.01 and 7.61 ± 0.13% day?1, respectively) had higher growth rates than fish at 26 and 30 g L?1 (7.10 ± 0.05 and 6.97 ± 0.06% day?1 respectively). The higher growth rate at lower salinity resulted from increased feed intake; feed conversion was not different. An evaluation of the impact of salinity on growth rate of on‐growing stages (till market size) seems warranted to assess whether the profitable effects of low salinity persist in later stages of this important aquaculture species. 相似文献
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乌苏里拟鲿的染色体组型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素,体内肾细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备乌苏里拟鳞的染色体玻片标本.对100个中期分裂相记数统计,确定乌苏里拟鲿的染色体数为2n=52.由测得的核型参数和按Levan等提出的染色体划分标准得出:有12对中部着丝点染色体(m),9对亚中部着丝点染色体(sm),5对亚端部着丝点染色体(st).染色体臂数(NF)为94.乌苏里拟鳞组型公式为2 n=24m+18 s m+10st. 相似文献