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同时采用冷休克法和静水压法进行大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson）倍体诱导条件研究，同时比较适合条件下两种方法诱导效果差异以及大批量诱导组不同生长阶段三倍体榆出率的差别。结果表明：（1）冷休克法和静水压法都可成功诱导出大黄鱼二倍体。冷休克法适宜诱导条件为20℃培育水温下授精后3min，在3～4℃海水中处理8～10min；静水压法适宜诱导条件为同样培育水温下授精后3min，在静水压450kg／cm^2下处理3min。三倍体诱导率受处理时刻、处理时间和处理温度（或压力）3因素的影响。（2）综合三倍体诱导率、处理后受精卵原肠期存活率和仔鱼孵化率，静水压法诱导效果要明显优于冷休克法。（3）采用冷休克法进行大黄鱼三倍体大批量诱导，早期胚胎、初孵仔鱼和4月龄幼鱼三倍体检出率分别为34．03％、29．54％和14.81％。表明随生长发育诱导组三倍体检出率有下降趋势。 相似文献
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三倍体鲶鱼的形态学性状及生长 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用静水压休克法人工诱导鲶鱼受精卵，使三倍体出现率达100％，其主要形态学性状同二倍体鲶鱼比较研究表明，三倍体鲶鱼具有体形大，相对体高及丰满度均较高，体长差异不明显，外部形态及摄食仍保留着二倍体鲶鱼的特征，但比二倍体鲶鱼增长快，在池塘养殖90天后，体重比二倍体鲶鱼平均增加39．71％。试验证明三倍体鲶鱼是具有养殖生产前景和推广价值的新对象。 相似文献
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本研究阐述了运用工业化养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼的一种方法。用热休克阻断受精卵第二次减数分裂的方法获得三倍体。用下列热休克参数得到了最佳结果（三倍体率８０％－１００％；胚胎存活率是对照组的５０％－７０％）：受精后６分钟开始（休克前的孵化温度是２０℃），温度为４０或４１℃，时间为２或１．５分钟。该技术可大规模生产三倍体鲤鱼，因此可以研究工业化养鱼条件下三倍体的性能。 相似文献
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用热休克和工业养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究阐述了运用工业化养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼的一种方法。用热休克阻断受精卵第二次减数分裂的方法获得得三倍体。用下列热休克参数得到了最佳结果（三倍体率８０％－１０％；胚胎存活率是对照组的５０％－７０％）；受精后６分钟开始（休克前的孵化温度是２０℃），温度为４０或４１℃，时间为２或１．５分钟。该技术可大规模生产三倍体鲤鱼，因此可以研究工业化养鱼条件下三倍体的性能。 相似文献
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冷、热休克法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分别采用冷、热休克抑制第二极体释放的方法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体。结果表明,在卵受精后2min,5℃处理20min,胚胎时期的三倍体率达70%左右,孵化率50%左右,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为25%,此条件为冷休克处理的优化参数;在卵受精后2min,40℃处理2min,胚胎时期的三倍体诱导率达58%,孵化率为39%,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为40%,此条件为热休克处理的优化参数。正交分析得出,冷休克条件下起始休克时间是原肠期三倍化率和孵化率的重要影响因子,温度对畸形个体的产生有重要影响;热休克条件下,参考三倍体率、畸形率、孵化期相对存活率三者而言,休克温度均是重要因素。比较观察到冷休克处理组的胚胎受损情况严重,后期的成活率较热休克处理组要低,总体诱导效果逊于热休克处理组。 相似文献
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采用细胞松驰素Ｂ（Ｃ．Ｂ）处理法，研究了诱导中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）三倍体、四倍体的可能性和处理条件。实验所用Ｃ．Ｂ浓度为０．５～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，处理的起始时间分别在受精后１０～２５ｍｉｎ（诱导三倍体）和８．５～９．８ｈ（诱导四倍体），处理的持续时间为１０～２５ｍｉｎ。三倍体的适宜诱导条件为卵子在受精后１５ｍｉｎ，浓度为１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｃ．Ｂ溶液处理１８ｍｉｎ。三倍体诱导率最高可达５８．１８％。根据诱导三倍体的适宜Ｃ．Ｂ处理浓度和处理时间，用１．５ｍｇ／ＬＣ．Ｂ溶液处理卵子１８ｍｉｎ，获得了２９．４６％～５７．８９％的四倍体胚胎。另外，还对中华绒螯蟹三倍体、四倍体胚胎的诱导技术、诱导参数对胚胎发育的影响等有关问题进行了分析讨论 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎三倍体鱼苗的人工诱导与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对半滑舌鳎雌雄个体生长差异过大、雌性性腺发育成熟后腹部凸起影响舌鳎生长和商品鱼质量等问题,开展了人工诱导半滑舌鳎三倍体的研究。采用静水压处理抑制半滑舌鳎受精卵第二极体排出进行染色体加倍,筛选出有效的静水压处理强度及其持续时间。结果表明,孵化水温23 ℃左右时,授精后5 min,采用36 MPa的静水压压力,休克处理4 min,三倍体诱导率最高,达到100%。采用该诱导条件,大批量获得了半滑舌鳎三倍体鱼苗。采用流式细胞仪分析了三倍体鱼苗细胞DNA含量,表明三倍体鱼苗细胞DNA含量为二倍体对照鱼苗的1.5倍。通过染色体分析表明,三倍体鱼苗的染色体数为63条,而二倍体鱼苗的染色体数为42条。 相似文献
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三倍体大黄鱼的诱导及其对生长、性腺发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
自20世纪50年代以来,采用染色体操作技术人工诱导多倍体在鱼类遗传育种领域已得到广泛的应用。国内外已先后在三棘刺鱼[1]、鲤[2]、水晶彩鲫[3]等30多种鱼类成功获得三倍体。在理论上,由于三倍体性腺发育受阻,其用于性腺发育的能量可全部用于生长。因此鱼类育种学家期望通过诱导三倍体,使经济鱼类生长更快,经济效益更高。但历经30余年的研究,诸家看法仍未统一。一些学者认为三倍体鱼比二倍体生长快[4,5],另一些学者则认为三倍体鱼并不比二倍体生长快[6,7]还有一些学者的研究表明三倍体鱼在性成熟以后比二倍体生长稍快[8,9]。对于三倍体… 相似文献
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Jeffrey A. Malison Terrence B. Kayes James A. Held Terence P. Barry Clyde H. Amundson 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1993,110(3-4):229-242
Heat shocks, hydrostatic pressure shocks, and ultraviolet radiation were evaluated for their efficacy as methods of manipulating ploidy in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The most effective methods of inducing triploidy were heat shocks of 28–30°C applied at a time of initiation (TI) of 5 min postfertilization for durations of 10 or 25 min, and hydrostatic pressure shocks of 9000 or 11 000 psi applied at a TI of 5 min for a duration of 12 min. These treatments resulted in triploidy induction rates that ranged from 54–100%, and embryonic survival rates of 16–80%. Cold shocks of 0°C had no effect on the ploidy or survival of embryos. For perch, hydrostatic pressure shock offered several advantages over heat shock as a method of manipulating ploidy. The most effective methods of inducing tetraploidy were hydrostatic pressure shocks of 9000 psi applied at a TI of 192 min for durations of 16 or 24 min. Ultraviolet radiation of perch sperm with doses of 3240–6480 ergs/mm2 resulted in 100% inactivation of paternal chromosomes, and perch eggs fertilized with inactivated sperm had survival rates of > 50%, thereby establishing methods for producing gynogenetic perch. Studies comparing the growth and performance of diploid vs. triploid perch are underway. Tetraploid perch are being reared to sexual maturity to evaluate their potential as brood fish. 相似文献
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Yi-ping Shen Xi-yuan Zhang Hai-ping He Li-jun Ma 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1993,110(3-4):221-227
Triploidy of the pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii Dunker, was induced with hydrostatic pressure shock. The efficiency of inductions changed with the time of initiation of treatment, the duration of treatment and the intensity of pressure. The most effective procedure for inducing triploidy was the treatment of eggs at 200–250 kg/cm2 5–7 min (for the first polar body retention) and 17–19 min (for the second polar body retention) after insemination for 10 min duration, which resulted in 76% triploid embryos. Under this optimal treatment, high hatchability was also obtained. 相似文献
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Heat shock was applied to fertilized eggs of European catfish, Silurus glanis L., for the induction of triploidy. A heat shock of 40. 5°C lasting 1 min and starting 9 min after gamete activation gave the best results with 88.93% of hatched viable fry (92.41% in control group). Yields of hatched viable triploid fry reached 63.14% or 50.60%, when expressed as percentage of the absolute number of viable fry or number of living eggs in eye-bud stage, respectively (P < 0.05). 相似文献
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虹鳟受精卵第一次卵裂组织学观察及四倍体制备最佳时机的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用组织切片技术对虹鳟受精卵第一次卵裂进行观察,且利用热休克和静水压处理受精卵,诱导四倍体。其结果显示,静水压诱导效果较好,在受精后8h进行诱导四倍体的出现率最高,达到25～28%。热休克诱导未出现四倍体。受精卵在受精后400min(积温43.5℃.h)处于第一次卵裂前期,受精后490min(积温52.5℃.h)处于第一次卵裂中期,受精后640min(积温66.8℃.h),处于第一次卵裂后期,670min(积温69.3℃.h)处于第一次卵裂末期,700min(积温71.8℃.h)以后形成卵裂沟,并穿过整个受精卵,产生两个均等大小的两个卵裂球(blastomeres)。 相似文献
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6-甲氨基嘌呤诱导栉孔扇贝三倍体的细胞学机理 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
以６０ｍｇ／Ｌ的６－甲氨基嘌呤（简称６－ＤＭＡＰ）诱发栉孔扇贝三倍体时,在荧光显微镜下观察受精卵的染色体行为以及核相组成,对照三倍体率和孵化率,探讨了不同减数分裂期６－ＤＭＡＰ处理对染色体倍数性的影响。结果表明,处理５￣１５ｍｉｎ可见３种类型图像,第１种图像可见第一极体和一个雌性原核及雄性原核;第２种图像可见第一极体和两雌性原核及一个雄性原核;第３种图像可见两个雌性原核和一个雄性原枋,随着处理时间 相似文献
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A. GERARD Y. NACIRI C. NOIRET C. LEDU J.-M. PEIGNON P. PHELIPOT 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(8):769-779
Abstract. For the first time, effective treatments using cytochalasin B were developed to induce triploidy in the European clam, Ruditapes decussatus (L.). The percentage of triploid embryos was assessed by karyological or image analysis. Two treatments (0·5 or 1 mg of cytochatasin B (CB) per ml of dimethyisulfoxide in 1 litre of sea water) were applied at different times after fertilization (10 to 25min), for two different periods (15 and 20min). Best results were obtained for a CB concentration of 1 mg/1. When treatment was applied 15min after fertilization for a 20min period, 94% and 95% of triploid embyros were obtained in two repeated experiments. At metamorphosis, the treated larvae appeared to be no smaller than the control larvae in all experiments. However, in general, significantly higher mortalities for CB-treated batches were found when compared with the untreated batch. 相似文献
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Sei-Ichi Okumura Katsutoshi Arai Yoshitaka Harigaya Hirotaka Eguchi Mizuho Sakai Hiroaki Senbokuya Suehiro Furukawa Kunio Yamamori 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):237-243
ABSTRACT: In order to develop a highly efficient method for mass production of triploid Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai , caffeine treatment that is safe and inexpensive was optimized. To suppress the first meiotic division, fertilized eggs were exposed to either a 10- or 15-mM caffeine solution for 24 min beginning at 12 min after fertilization. In most treated batches, the rates of cleaved eggs showed no significant difference from the control batches. However, in most treated batches, the rates of occurrence of normal larvae and the survival rates of the early juveniles were significantly lower than those of the controls. The triploid rates at 6 days to 11 months after settlement in all the treated batches were extremely high (91–100%). There was no significant difference in the mean triploid rates between 10- and 15-mM caffeine treatments. These results suggest that both treatment conditions were conducive to triploid abalone production. One live 2n/3n mosaic specimen was found in the treated batches. However, since the frequency of mosaic was extremely low, the mosaicism would probably not have an adverse effect on the stable production of triploid abalones. 相似文献
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Pressure Induced Triploidy in Hybrid Lepomis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Paul S. Wills John M. Paret Robert J. Sheehan 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(4):507-511
Worldwide expansion of aquaculture will require identification of species more adapted to localized conditions and less likely to affect genetic diversity of natural populations in the event of escape. Hybrids of Lepomis sunfish have the potential as an alternative for aquaculture in regions of North America where the growing season is unsuitable for production of traditional coldwater and warm-water species. Triploidy was induced in hybrids of green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus males and bluegill L. macrochirus females using hydrostatic pressure shocks. A total of 27 combinations of pressure (41,369, 48,264, and 55,158 kPa), duration (2, 3, 4 min), and post-fertilization time of shock initiation (2, 3, 4 min) were tested to identify those which were most efficient for inducing triploidy. Several of the shock regimes produced 100% triploid hybrid sunfish with at least 90% survival relative to unshocked controls. The two shock treatments deemed best overall were: 1) 48,264 kPa for 4 min begun 2 min after fertilization; and 2) 41,369 kPa for 2 min begun 3 min after fertilization. 相似文献