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1.
为了解池塘养殖密度对梭鱼生长性能的影响,进行了为期126 d的室外池塘规模化海水养殖试验,研究了体长为(84.17±13.95)mm、体质量为(12.58±5.12)g的梭鱼在两种养殖密度(5.4、11.9尾/m2)下的生长情况和摄食行为。试验结果:梭鱼的生长与养殖密度呈正相关,低密度组梭鱼的终末体质量(243.23 g)、体质量增长率(1 833.5%)、特定生长率(2.39%/d)、肥满度(1.46)、成活率(91.1%)及饲料系数(1.86)均优于高密度组(173.88 g、1 282.2%、2.12%/d、1.39、83.2%、2.41);高密度组的单位面积产量(1.72 kg/m2)比低密度组(1.20 kg/m2)高30.2%;2个密度组梭鱼的体长与体质量呈幂函数相关(高密度组:W=5×10-5L2.781 8;低密度组:W=7×10-5L2.731 8),且为异速生长;体长、体质量与养殖天数呈线性相关(高密度组:L=1.370 9d+91.798 8,W=2.013 5d-3.602 0;低密度组:L=1.119 5d+94.134 3,W=1.303 2d+6.672 7)。结果表明,该试验条件适合于梭鱼的规模化生产,低密度组梭鱼生长情况更好,但单位面积产量要低于高密度组,生产中需要综合考虑产量与饲料利用之间的关系,平衡成本和收益。  相似文献   

2.
养殖密度是水产养殖管理中一项非常重要的参数, 适宜的养殖密度能够降低养殖动物的应激胁迫水平, 促进其健康、快速生长。为探究黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)在陆基工厂化养殖条件下的最适密度, 本研究对 1 龄黄条鰤 [(565.83±70.22) g]开展为期 60 d 的养殖实验, 共设置 10 尾/m3 (低密度组)、20 尾/m3 (中密度组)和 30 尾/m3 (高密度组) 3 个密度组。实验过程中测量并计算包括增重率、特定生长率、肥满度和肝体指数在内的生长指标, 并检测血液生理、血清生化、肝脏和肾脏组织的非特异性免疫酶活性等指标。结果表明, 中、高密度组黄条鰤的增重率、 特定生长率在第 60 天时均显著低于低密度组对应的数值(P＜0.05); 在 3 个密度组中, 低密度组的特定生长率在 60 d 时显著高于 30 d 的数值(P＜0.05), 中密度组的特定生长率在 60 d 与 30 d 之间差异不显著(P＞0.05), 高密度组的特定生长率在 60 d 时低于 30 d 的数值, 说明高密度养殖对黄条鰤的生长产生了的胁迫。整个实验过程中, 血清中肾上腺素和皮质醇等的含量在 30 d 和 60 d 时均随养殖密度的增加而显著升高(P＜0.05), 生长激素和类胰岛素生长因子 Ⅰ的含量呈相反趋势; 肝脏和肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和丙酮酸激酶的活性在 30 d 和 60 d 时整体呈现随养殖密度的增加而显著升高的趋势(P＜0.05), 说明高密度养殖对黄条鰤的生理造成了胁迫。由此可见, 从生长、生理和生产实践角度综合评价, 中密度(20 尾/m3 )是 1 龄黄条鰤工厂化养殖的适宜密度, 相关研究结果将为黄条鰤工厂化养殖技术进一步完善提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
为研究陆基圆池循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)适宜的养殖密度,设置55、65、75、85、95尾/m2等5种养殖密度(分别标记为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5组),进行了63 d的大口黑鲈养殖试验,通过测定和分析试验鱼的体质量日增长率、体长日增长率、饲料系数、体质量均匀度和单位面积产量等指标,评价不同养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长和主要养殖效能的影响。结果显示:(1)从次低密度的A2组(65尾/m2)至密度最高的A5组(95尾/m2),试验鱼的体长日增长率基本上随着养殖密度的提高而下降,最高的A2组比A3、A4和A5组分别高了31.6%、82.9%和92.3%,并且差异显著(P<0.05);(2)从A2组至A5组,试验鱼的体质量日增长率和特定生长率均随着养殖密度的提高而下降;(3)A2组的饲料系数比A1、A3、A4和A5组分别降低了16.7%、28.6%、55.4%和56.9%;(4)单位面积产量和产品均匀度均在A2组达到最高。基于生长性能及养殖效能的综合评价,陆基圆池循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈成鱼养殖阶段较适宜的养殖密度为65尾/m2。  相似文献   

4.
为研究池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对大口黑鲈（应激基因表达的影响,以初始体重（4.50±0.23）g的大口黑鲈幼鱼为研究对象,设置3个养殖密度组,分别为0.2 kg/m3（SD1）、0.4 kg/m3（SD2）和0.6 kg/m3（SD3）,每个密度组设3个重复,实验周期为120 d,分别在实验的第30天、60天、90天和120天采集样本并分析。结果显示,实验结束时的最终密度分别为5.64 kg/m3（SD1）、8.79 kg/m3（SD2）和11.21 kg/m3（SD3）。养殖前90 d,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力在各密度组间差异不显著（<0.05）;30 d和60 d时肝脏丙二醛（MDA）含量未受到养殖密度的影响（<0.05）;各密度组间肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力没有显著差异（ mRNA相对表达水平在30 d和60 d没有显著差异（<0.05）,SD1组肝脏<0.05）;切片结果显示,3个密度组实验鱼肝脏和肠道结构正常,未受到严重损害,SD3组实验鱼肝脏细胞间空泡稍增多,肠道杯状细胞变小,数量减少。综上所述,在本实验条件下,养殖后期,养殖密度会对加州鲈生理状态产生影响,高密度应激会导致鱼体抗氧化以及免疫功能受到抑制,肝脏、肠道组织产生轻微损伤,0.2 kg/m3密度组大口黑鲈的生理状况最好。综合考虑,池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下大口黑鲈幼鱼的放养密度以0.2~0.4 kg/m3为宜。  相似文献   

5.
为了解养殖密度对鹦鹉鱼生长及生理生化指标的影响,设置三个养殖密度梯度组进行实验:低密度组(5.04 kg/m^3)、中密度组(10.12 kg/m^3)、高密度组(15.35 kg/m^3),每组设3个平行,实验鱼投喂56 d后测定其生长及生理生化指标。结果表明,中密度组鹦鹉鱼末体重显著高于高密度组(P<0.05),与低密度组无显著差异(P>0.05);低密度组鹦鹉鱼增重率显著高于中密度和高密度组(P<0.05);低密度组鹦鹉鱼血清和肝脏中SOD、GSH-PX、GPT和GOT显著高于其他组(P<0.05);中密度组鹦鹉鱼血清和肝脏中的MDA显著高于高密度组(P<0.05),与低密度组无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此表明,当养殖密度达到较高密度(15.35±0.25)kg/m^3时,会显著影响鹦鹉鱼的健康,产生较为严重的负面影响。  相似文献   

6.
浙江省沿岸岛礁区贝类种类组成与分布特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
邹莉  张龙  张宾  水柏年 《水产学报》2010,34(11):1769-1775
于2009年4月(春季)和10月(秋季),分别在浙江温州、台州、宁波和舟山各选取2个站点,在其岛礁区潮间带采集贝类样品,调查贝类的种类和数量分布特征,共鉴定出贝类26种,隶属3纲、11目、16科、22属。春季,高生物量分布于8号站位(499.11 g/m2),高密度分布于3号站位(145.67 ind/m2),低生物量和低密度皆分布于1号站位(31.96 g/m2、36.92 ind/m2);秋季,高生物量和高密度皆分布于8号站位(206.82 g/m2、93.00 ind/m2),低生物量和低密度也分布于1号站位(26.92 g/m2、38.91 ind/m2)。采用生物量和栖息密度相结合作为贝类优势种衡量指标的方法得出,优势种有疣荔枝螺、青蚶、条纹隔贻贝和渔舟蜑螺。贝类季节变化显著,春季生物量和密度大于秋季。通过气温、水温、海流等环境因子的分析得出,随春季水温回升,大量的贝类由潮下带来到潮间带,故春季密度分布很高,但受水温下降、被捕食和自然死亡等因素影响,秋季则趋于明显回落,且8号站位(南麂列岛)由于是国家自然保护区,其贝类生物量和栖息密度明显高于其它站位,其优势种的优势壳高(壳长)组在各个站位中也相对较高。1号站位主要由于过度采捕,其贝类资源衰退严重。  相似文献   

7.
丁锋  冯奇飞  姜强 《水产科技情报》2022,49(6):359-362, 368
为探索凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)健康生态养殖模式,在上海市金山区开展了凡纳滨对虾淡水土池三级养殖模式试验。试验将虾苗至成虾的养殖周期分为虾苗暂养(一级养殖)、幼虾培育(二级养殖)、成虾养殖(三级养殖)3个阶段,每年进行2茬养殖。3个阶段养殖池塘数量的比例为1∶3∶3,面积比为1∶80∶300,养殖密度分别为1.1万尾/hm2、98万尾/hm2、44万尾/hm2,养殖时长分别为20~25 d、30~42 d、35~60 d,两茬养殖间隔为30~35 d。试验结果显示,在无尾水净化设施设备的情况下,所有试验塘水质均符合淡水池塘养殖水排放要求;幼虾驯养(一级养殖)成活率为73.2%,幼虾培育(二级养殖)成活率为(88.4±4.5)%,成虾养殖(三级养殖)成活率为(57.7±5.1)%;单茬养殖单位产量为(3 427±230)kg/hm2,两茬合计单位产量为(6 855±452)kg/hm2,高于当地传统养殖模式的平均水平。结果表明,三级养殖模式具有产量高、发病率低、环境友好等优点,可作为凡纳滨对虾的一种健康生态养殖模式进行推广。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究流水养殖系统中养殖密度对井冈山地区西伯利亚杂交鲟（西伯利亚鲟Acipenser baerii♀×施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii♂）幼鱼生长性能的影响,本文以初始体重为7.89±0.45 g/尾西伯利亚杂交鲟幼鱼为研究对象,设置了低密度组（1.16 kg/m3）、中密度组（1.74 kg/m3）和高密度组（2.32 kg/m3）三个密度组进行为期90 d的养殖生产实验,通过比较分析不同密度组西伯利亚杂交鲟生长指标、体成分含量、抗氧化酶活性和相关基因表达水平发现,低密度组幼鱼终体重、增重率及特定生长率显著高于中密度组和高密度组（P＜0.05）,各密度组实验鱼的存活率无显著性差异;水分和灰分随着养殖密度的增加而增加,且存在显著性差异,粗脂肪和粗蛋白未出现明显的差异;肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GSH-ST）的酶活力在实验末期低、中密度组显著高于高密度组（P＜0.05）,随着养殖密度的增加,幼鱼肝脏丙二醛（MDA）含量不断增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力降低,MDA和CAT在实验期间未出现明显的差异;结果还发现,高密度组与生长相关的生长激素受体（GHR）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子-2（IGF-2）基因表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）;高密度组与应激相关的热休克蛋白70（HSP70）基因表达水平在45d出现差异（P＜0.05）,90 d后高密度组显著高于低密度组（P＜0.05）,低密度组热休克蛋白90（HSP90）基因表达水平在30d时显著低于中、高密度组（P＜0.05）,实验末期,3个密度组间均存在显著的差异（P＜0.05）。 研究结果表明,实验条件下,中、低密度条件下西伯利亚杂交鲟幼鱼表现出良好的生长性能,因此建议,井冈山地区西伯利亚杂交鲟幼鱼养殖密度控制在1.16 kg/m3-1.74 kg/m3之间。  相似文献   

9.
贾彦  杜美荣  李文豪  姜娓娓  蔺凡  姚亮  吴玉萍  蒋增杰 《水产学报》2023,47(9):099308-099308
为了解单环刺螠生物扰动作用对沉积物-水界面氮磷扩散通量的影响及其持续性,于2020年11—12月,采用室内实验生态学的方法,设置低密度 (LD,500 尾/m2)、中密度 (MD,2 500 尾/m2)、高密度 (HD,8 300 尾/m2)处理组和1个对照组 (CO,0 尾/m2),进行了2 d为一个实验时段,为期20 d的模拟实验。结果显示,处理组溶解无机氮(DIN)扩散通量变化范围为10.6~765.3 μmol/(m2·d),与对照组相比,低、中、高处理组的DIN通量分别提高了57%、76%、88%。NH4+是DIN的主要贡献者,对DIN的贡献在低、中、高处理组中分别占55%、65%和80%。与对照组相比,低、中、高密度组的平均NH4+通量分别提高了39%、111%和257%,与低、中密度处理组平均NH4+通量相比,高密度处理组分别提高了43.7%和23.6%。在第2~10天,NH4+通量处于持续增加的趋势。处理组PO43−通量变化范围为−7.85~6.42 μmol/(m2·d),第2~6天,处理组PO43−通量持续增加。研究表明,单环刺螠的生物扰动能够持续地促进DIN由沉积物向水体中扩散,且存在明显的密度效应。研究结果将为深入认识单环刺螠在水层-底栖系统耦合过程中的生态作用提供基础数据。  相似文献   

10.
万树杰  黄开  杨洋  刘慧  朱国平 《水产学报》2020,44(10):1707-1717
基于2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾资源声学调查数据,本研究对该海域南极磷虾集群进行了分析。结果显示,检测到南极磷虾集群3 224个,反映集群特征的5个参数即深度、长度、厚度、面积及密度分别为(96.00±64.33) m、(218.52±455.66) m、(11.19±13.98) m、(1 894.40±9 345.72) m2和(114.11±159.60) 尾/m3;不同时间段之间集群密度无显著性差异,但集群深度、长度、厚度及面积之间均存在显著性差异。不同水层间集群厚度和面积之间无显著性差异,但集群深度,长度和密度均存在显著性差异。南极磷虾集群共分为三类,其中第Ⅰ类集群密度最大,为(325.90±221.30) 尾/m3;集群规模最小,为(379.64±433.73) m2;深度最深,为(158.06±67.54) m。第Ⅱ类集群的长度最长,为(1 089.60±1 189.56) m;集群面积为(15 601.25±30 243.33) m2,远大于其他集群。第Ⅲ类集群深度最浅,为(78.91±52.88) m;密度最小,为(48.87±50.33) 尾/m3,但数量最多。  相似文献   

11.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

13.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

14.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

16.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

17.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

18.
《水生生物资源》1999,12(4):239-246
The effect of different parameters on short-term storage capacity of turbot ova was assessed over a 45-h period after ova collection for fertilization rates and over a 9-h period after ova collection for hatching rates. Increasing the volume of ova sampling from 0.5 to 2.5 mL, as well as adding an antibiotic–antimicotic solution or oxygen did not significantly change the storage capacity of ova. Regarding the hatching rates, a higher storage ability was recorded at 8 and 13 °C, compared to 3 °C. The mean composition of the ovarian fluid was determined (n = 57 spawns). Use of a diluent mimicking the ovarian fluid significantly decreased the storage ability as assessed by the fertilization rates but did not modify the hatching rates. Diluting ova in an artificial ovarian fluid deprived of calcium significantly decreased the fertilization and hatching rates during the storage period. Furthermore, addition or not of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Sigma T 9003) to the artificial ovarian fluid deprived of calcium did not significantly change the results. Storage capacity of control batches of ova was low: at 13 °C, without any diluent and when ova were fertilized 3 h after stripping, the hatching rate was lowered to 62.4 ± 29.4 % (mean ± SD) of the initial value.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of diets containing different levels of essential oils from savory Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad and myrtle Myrtus communis L and an immunity complement were investigated on growth, survival, nutritional indices, serum biochemistry, and hematology of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fry (n = 4500; 5 ± 2 g). The essential oils were dosed as 300 and 500 mg/kg diet. After 60 d, the fish fed 300 mg/kg of the essential oils showed the highest counts of white blood cells (P < 0.05). The same treatment revealed the greatest levels of hematocrit, total protein, and albumin, but glucose and cholesterol values significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05). Feeding fish with 300 mg/kg of the essential oils led to highest records of specific growth rate and survival rate but the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR), and those fed with immunity complement attained the lowest values of growth parameters. The fry fed with immunity complement and 300 mg/kg of myrtle essential oil achieved the highest and lowest FCR values, respectively. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg of the above essential oils exert positive impacts on the growth performance, feeding efficiency, and hematological factors in O. mykiss.  相似文献   

20.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl2 (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl2 (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.  相似文献   

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