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1.
进行了大黄鱼和（鱼免）的远缘杂交试验,结果表明：（鱼免）（♀）×大黄鱼（♂）杂交组受精率为52%,孵化率为71%,但孵化后未能开口摄食,15天内杂交苗逐渐全部死亡。大黄鱼（♀）×（鱼免）（♂）杂交组受精率为75%,孵化率为83%,度过了开口摄食轮虫和开始摄食桡足类2个死亡高峰期,存活率仅为1.2%。并分析了（鱼免）（♀）×大黄鱼（♂）的杂交子代不能存活的原因,以及大黄鱼（♀）×（鱼免）（♂）的杂交子代的遗传本质和成活率低的原因。 相似文献
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为了探讨大黄鱼(♀)与鮸状黄姑鱼(♂)远缘杂交的可行性,构建了2个杂交家系(LN1和LN2),检测了杂交F1的倍性,并利用10个微卫星标记对杂交亲本及F1进行遗传分析。结果表明,大黄鱼(♀)与鮸状黄姑鱼(♂)可以成功杂交产生形态正常后代,45日龄成活率达到30%,但杂交受精率(29.0%、32.6%)与孵化率(75.0%、76.7%)要显著低于大黄鱼自繁(P<0.05)。杂交幼鱼体型修长,头为尖钝型,体侧布满黑褐色斑点;DNA相对含量测定和微卫星标记分析结果显示,90%以上杂交后代是杂交二倍体,另外有少量的杂交三倍体和雌核发育二倍体;杂交幼鱼形态兼具有双亲的特征,与大黄鱼明显不同;至45日龄为止,杂交二倍体和三倍体生长速度均慢于大黄鱼。研究结果为大黄鱼(♀)和鮸状黄姑鱼(♂)杂交F1的开发利用及管理提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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运用人工催产的方法进行了9种交配组合鳢的人工繁殖试验,9种组合来源于乌鳢(Channa argus)、斑鳢(C.maculate)和杂交鳢(Hybrid snakehead)彼此之间的交配繁殖.结果表明,无论采用何种孵化方式,9种交配组合所产卵的受精率和孵化率高低顺序基本一致,且各组合间都存在显著差异.交配组合斑鳢(♀)×斑鳢(♂)、斑鳢(♀)×杂交鳢(♂)、杂交鳢(♀)×斑鳢(♂)及杂交鳢(♀)×杂交鳢(♂)在繁殖过程中,其受精率和孵化率高于其他组合,具有较强的繁殖优势,但其子代的生产性能优势还有待进一步研究.孵化方式对受精卵的发育与孵化有重大影响,其中以微流水孵化方式时的受精率和孵化率最高、孵化效果最好.雄亲鱼的重复催产次数会影响受精率及孵化率,一般以重复利用2～3次为宜. 相似文献
4.
采用完全双列杂交法对刺参中国群体(C)和韩国群体(K)进行群体间杂交和群体内自繁,获得C(♀)×C(♂)、K(♀)×K(♂)、K(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂) 4个交配组合的子一代。分析了各交配组受精率、孵化率、附着变态率、浮游幼体和幼参阶段的生长和抗病能力以及杂交子代的杂种优势。结果显示,杂交组与自繁组在受精率和孵化率等方面不存在显著性差异,杂交组附着变态率高于自繁组。C(♀)×K(♂)组在幼参期体长平均值均大于其他3个组,并表现出显著性差异,其体长杂种优势率在9.43%–23.75%之间;其体重从150日龄后表现出杂种优势,在4.09%–34.96%之间。而K(♀)×C(♂)组在幼参期体长和体重除在150日龄时表现为杂种优势,其他时间均表现为杂种劣势。K(♀)×C(♂)组抗灿烂弧菌病能力最强,杂种优势率为26.21%。 相似文献
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利用水平式淀粉凝胶电泳法对乌克兰鳞鲤(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫二倍体(♂)、白鲫(♀)×墨龙鲤(♂)4组鲤鱼、鲫鱼杂交子代背侧肌肉组织的天冬氨酸转氨酶、α-甘油醛磷酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶及肌浆蛋白进行电泳分析,并测量了红细胞长径。红细胞测量结果表明,乌克兰鳞鲤(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫四倍体(♂)、红鲫(♀)×乌龙鲫二倍体(♂)杂交子代为三倍体,白鲫(♀)×墨龙鲤(♂)杂交子代为二倍体。4组杂交子代葡萄糖磷酸异构酶同工酶的基因组成结果显示,父本乌龙鲫四倍体和父本乌龙鲫二倍体均产生二倍体配子,且二倍体配子中1套为鲤鱼染色体组,1套为鲫鱼染色体组。 相似文献
7.
双列杂交法分析2个大菱鲆养殖群体的杂交效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用完全双列杂交法对2个大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)养殖群体:西班牙群体(S)和英国群体(E)进行群体间杂交及群体内自繁,得到了S(♂)×S(♀)、E(♂)×E(♀)、S(♂)×E(♀)和E(♂)×S(♀)4个组合的子一代。对各交配组合的受精率、孵化率、畸形率、30日龄和70日龄稚鱼的体长、体质量等指标进行比较,结果表明,杂交组与自繁组在受精率、孵化率及畸形率等方面均不存在显著性差异;但杂交组30日龄稚鱼和70日龄稚鱼的体长、体质量与自繁组相比,表现出不同程度的杂种优势,其中S(♂)×E(♀)组30日龄稚鱼的体长杂种优势达到5.43%,E(♂)×S(♀)组70日龄稚鱼体质量杂种优势达到25.00%。实验初步显示,不同养殖群体间的杂交有可能是大菱鲆遗传改良的一条有效途径。 相似文献
8.
为了解2种外来鳖杂交F_1的形态与生长性能,采用2007—2009年从美国引进的刺鳖Apalone spinifera(AS)和珍珠鳖A.ferox(AF)亲本,开展了随机交配试验以及子代的单养和混养试验,以窝为单位计算受精率、孵化率,并分析AS、AF、杂交系(HY)、混合组(M)鳖苗的形态数据,称量体质量增长数据,计算畸形率。结果显示,由AS(♀)×AF(♂)随机交配产生杂交后代HY的概率为15.44%,受精率相对较高;HY的形态介于AF和AS之间;AS的畸形率为23.61%～24.18%。单养试验结果显示,HY的生长速度快于AF和AS,但早期与AS较为一致;与AF和AS相比,HY摄食竞争力更强,养殖成活率较高。试验结果表明,AS(♀)与AF(♂)自然杂交是可行的,但成功率较低,HY表现出较明显的杂种优势。 相似文献
9.
《南方水产科学》2018,(6)
该研究利用干法授精对短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)与鲈鲤(Percocypris pingipingi)进行远缘杂交,对杂交子一代(F_1)胚胎及仔稚鱼发育进行观察,旨在为以后的杂交育种和品种选育提供基础资料。结果显示,水温(14.5±1.0)℃、pH 8.10～8.81,短须裂腹鱼(♀)×鲈鲤(♂)杂交F_1代胚胎发育良好,受精率为95.33%,孵化率为71.12%,完成胚胎发育所需时间为144.33 h,有效积温为2 092.79 h·℃。在相似条件下,胚胎发育速度快于两亲本,各器官的形成顺序与亲本存在差异,仔稚鱼生长良好,发育速度与生长速度均慢于父本鲈鲤。在同等实验条件下,鲈鲤(♀)×短须裂腹鱼(♂) F_1代胚胎不能正常发育,发育至原肠期所需时间为51.25 h,所需积温为743.13 h·℃,原肠期末的死亡率高达85.83%,最后仅12尾出膜,且出膜后均畸形,出膜3 d后全部死亡。研究表明短须裂腹鱼(♀)×鲈鲤(♂)杂交是可行的。 相似文献
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An analysis of the food of 274 specimens of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner), which had been collected in Lake Kinneret, showed that this species is mainly a zooplankton consumer.A study of the quantitative dynamics of the food components in the course of a year has proved that the species in question feeds more intensely in spring, this being the time when zooplankton forms are more abundant in the water of the lake. Vegetable detritus, mixed with plankton and benthos forms, served as additional and alternative food.The lack of clearly positive degree of food component selectivity, as well as the low values of the intestine repletion index and of the condition coefficient, account for the slowness in growth of Tilapia aurea in Lake Kinneret.The low values of the growth and feeding indices are due, according to the authors, to the pressure brought to bear by the other local fish species, which are competitors for the same food. 相似文献
12.
Pepietta Spataru 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1978,14(4):327-338
Analysis of the gut content of 329 specimens of T. zillii (Cichlidae) collected from Lake Kinneret, has shown great variation in the sorts of food.A study of seasonal dynamics has proved the prevalence in the food of Chironomida pupae (Diptera) in winter and spring and of zooplankton forms in summer and autumn. The additional food consisted of the various groups of algae, the most frequently found being Cyanophyta (100%) and Pyrrophyta (64.16%). An extremely voraceous species, it consumes — while searching for its preferred food — anything that comes its way in the water: algae, scraps of macrophytes, autochthonous and allochthonous insects, and forms of benthic origin, such as Nematoda, Ostracoda, Porifera and Chironomida (larvae).The satiation index is high (between 4.08 and 5.63), in contradiction to the low values of the coefficient of condition (between 3.05 and 3.51), and with the slow rate of growth in Lake Kinneret. The main food of Tilapia zillii, consists of arthropod species with a chitin content (which is eliminated unchanged) of more than 50% of the total weight, and this may account for the poor exploitation of the trophic base.This species of fish may be considered as being detrimental to others (i.e. commercially important species) because of its successful competition for food, and not, as is often incorrectly assumed, because it is an aggressive consumer of their spawn and fry. 相似文献
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不同品系尼罗罗非鱼致死低温的研究 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：25
在室内自然降温条件下，研究了三个品系尼罗罗非鱼（吉富品系，“７８”品系，“８８”品系）对低温的耐受力，计算得出每个品系的半致死低温，并对降温过程中尼罗罗非鱼行为活动的变化进行了观察。试验结果表明，在上海地区，当温度降低到１１℃时，罗非鱼开始死亡，到７．４℃时，全部死亡。吉富罗非鱼死亡温度范围是１１℃￣８．４℃，“７８”品系是９．８￣７．４℃，“８８”品系是１１℃￣７．４℃。对三个品系半致死低温的研 相似文献
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Irena Pípalová 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(4):325-336
The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m3 for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m3) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g–1 day–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH4-N and increase inNO2-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO3-N, TN, TPand PO4-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass. 相似文献
16.
叶尔羌高原鳅胚胎发育与胚后发育观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用形态学和生态学方法,对叶尔羌高原鳅[Triplophysa(Hedinichthys)yarkandensis(Day)]胚胎发育和胚后发育阶段全过程进行观察、拍照并测量。结果显示:叶尔羌高原鳅,卵微黏性,略有沉性,受精卵呈卵圆形,卵径为(0.60±0.052)mm,在水温(20.0±1.0)℃下,历时65 h 34 min完成整个胚胎发育分为7个生理阶段过程;胚后发育主要根据卵黄囊、体色、鼓鳔和须的变化分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期。初孵卵黄囊仔鱼全长(2.0±0.65)mm,出膜后7 d,卵黄囊吸收完毕,完全消失;初孵仔鱼继续培育至16日龄,仔鱼鳃盖后缘鼓鳔明显长出,须清晰可辨,体色加深,心脏红色素明显,体色与成体相似,标志后期仔鱼发育完全进入稚鱼期,此时鱼苗全长(8.0±0.45)mm;培育至30日龄,仔鱼鼓鳔完全,鳃盖张合明显,身体透明特征消失,稚鱼阶段完成发育进入幼鱼期,此时全长达(13.0±0.55)mm,其外部形态和生态习性均与成鱼相似。试验中,卵黄囊长度(LY)和出膜天数(D)的关系式:LY=0.0286D2–0.0636D+3.1196(R2=0.9050);用直线方程拟合卵黄囊长度(LY)和卵黄囊仔鱼全长(LT)的关系式:LY=–1.315LT+5.368(R2=0.8199);拟合卵黄囊仔鱼全长(LT)和出膜后仔稚鱼天数(D)的关系式:LT=–0.0263D2+0.5113D+1.6169(R2=0.9890)。本研究旨在通过了解叶尔羌高原鳅的早期发育特征为该物种的保护和增殖对策提供科学依据,并对其苗种生产提供理论指导。 相似文献
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Moshe Gophen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1979,16(1):67-71
Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) was found in Lake Kinneret until the late nineteen-fifties. Lake Kinneret was the northern-most limit of the distribution of this species. It is suggested that fingerlings of grey mullets and Sarotherodon aureus that were introduced into Lake Kinneret caused the extinction of D. lumholtzi. 相似文献
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褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(♂)杂交F1及其亲本肌肉营养成分分析与比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为东亚地区重要的海水养殖鱼类,在中国、日本和韩国海水养殖业中占有重要的地位.目前,褐牙鲆经过连续多代缺乏选择的人工繁育和养殖,造成养殖群体种质发生退化,生长速度和抗逆性下降,极大制约了牙鲆养殖业发展.以选育生长迅速、抗逆性强、饵料转化率高的牙鲆类养殖新品种为目的,作者对褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)(♂)的杂交育种进行了研究.本实验对褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(♂)杂交F1及其亲本肌肉营养成分进行测定.结果显示,杂交F1含水率显著低于双亲(P＜0.05),粗蛋白含量显著高于双亲(P＜0.05),粗脂肪含量介于二者之间;杂交F1的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸与鲜味氨基酸总量都显著高于褐牙鲆与犬齿牙鲆(P＜0.05);脂肪酸含量方面,脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量3种鱼由高到低排列顺序为褐牙鲆、犬齿牙鲆、杂交F1,三者饱和脂肪酸总量差异不显著(P＜0.05).对3种鱼肌肉的营养品质进行了评价,杂交F1的必需氨基酸指数EAAI(90.30)明显高于褐牙鲆(77.75)与犬齿牙鲆(79.34),在蛋白质品质上表现出一定杂种优势.上述结果表明,杂交F1的肌肉具有蛋白和氨基酸含量较高、脂肪酸含量较低的特点. 相似文献
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In this study, the embryonic development of the eggs in the Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Bank & Solender, 1794) was examined. At the same time, possibilities of artificial breeding through artificial insemination were investigated. Artificial insemination was achieved by mixing the eggs of the mature female and sperm of the mature male samples caught with gill nets (22 × 22) in Ataturk Dam Lake in Turkey. To this end, first in a Petri dish (100 × 20), the testes were cut into small pieces with a lancet and the mixture of sperm–testes‐tissue was obtained. The fertilization rate of the eggs was found to be 80%. The diameter of the eggs ranged from 2.015to 1.147 mm. The perivitelline space formed 0.5 h after insemination. The first cleavage occurred at the animal pool 4 h after insemination. The oil droplets had fused to a single droplet 19 h after insemination. The blastoderm became an embryonic shield 30 h after insemination. The blastoderm covered almost half the egg 40 h after insemination and embryonic body was formed. The blastoderm covered almost the whole egg 50 h after insemination. Some somites were discernible 59 h after insemination. The embryonic body reached two‐third of the circumference of the egg 70 h after insemination. The tail bud began to separate from the yolk 77 h after insemination. A newly hatched larva was observed at 85 h after insemination. 相似文献
20.
Transmission of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from Dendronereis spp. (Peters) (Nereididae) to penaeid shrimp 
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下载免费PDF全文 Dendronereis spp. (Peters) (Nereididae) is a common polychaete in shrimp ponds built on intertidal land and is natural food for shrimp in traditionally managed ponds in Indonesia. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an important viral pathogen of the shrimp, can replicate in this polychaete (Desrina et al. 2013); therefore, it is a potential propagative vector for virus transmission. The major aim of this study was to determine whether WSSV can be transmitted from naturally infected Dendronereis spp. to specific pathogen‐free (SPF) Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) through feeding. WSSV was detected in naturally infected Dendronereis spp. and Penaeus monodon Fabricius from a traditional shrimp pond, and the positive animals were used in the current experiment. WSSV‐infected Dendronereis spp. and P. monodon in a pond had a point prevalence of 90% and 80%, respectively, as measured by PCR. WSSV was detected in the head, gills, blood and mid‐body of Dendronereis spp. WSSV from naturally infected Dendronereis spp was transmitted to SPF L. vannamei and subsequently from this shrimp to new naïve‐SPF L. vannamei to cause transient infection. Our findings support the contention that Dendronereis spp, upon feeding, can be a source of WSSV infection of shrimp in ponds. 相似文献