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1.
《水产科学》2021,(4)
性类固醇激素在动物性别分化、生殖、发育等过程中发挥着重要作用,但关于性类固醇激素在软体动物中是否存在合成、转化、运输等过程,目前所知甚少。本试验利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分析孕酮、睾酮和雌二醇在雌性和雄性虾夷扇贝成体组织中的分布情况。结果表明,肝胰腺中孕酮占比(80%)明显高于其他组织,提示孕酮可能在肝胰腺合成或吸收;血淋巴中性类固醇激素含量最高,暗示性类固醇激素可能在血淋巴中积累;3种激素含量之间均呈显著正相关,表明在扇贝体内存在激素的转化。3种激素含量在雌、雄个体的大部分组织之间无明显差异,但雌贝性腺和肝胰腺中的雌二醇/睾酮显著高于雄贝,表明雌性个体的性腺和肝胰腺中存在较高雌二醇转化能力。本试验结果将为深入了解性类固醇激素在软体动物中的合成与转化提供重要参考。 相似文献
2.
中国对虾卵黄蛋白原合成部位的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
十足目甲壳类卵巢中卵黄的来源,在过去的几十年研究中一直存在争议,内源性合成和外源性合成都有报道。本文以雌性中国对虾为实验材料,根据组织学观察确定其发育阶段,试验虾可以分为:卵巢未发育期;卵黄发生前期;初级卵黄发生期和次级卵黄发生期4个时期。从处于不同卵巢发育期对虾的卵巢和肝胰腺中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR的方法初步探讨不同发育期的中国对虾卵巢和肝胰腺中卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,确定是否存在卵黄蛋白原的合成功能。结果发现,从卵巢未发育期到次级卵黄发生期的卵巢和肝胰腺中都有卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,说明二者为卵黄蛋白的合成部位。 相似文献
3.
叙述了中国对虾亲虾(海捕亲虾与池养亲虾)在生殖周期中肝胰腺、中肠的消化酶活性及卵巢、肝胰腺、血淋巴生化成分的研究结果。蛋白酶、脂肪酶在卵巢成熟的Ⅳ期前活性较高，临产卵时(Ⅴ期)活性明显下降，而且海捕亲虾与池养亲虾具有相同的变化趋势；中国对虾卵巢、肝胰腺和血淋巴的蛋白质和脂肪含量随性腺发育有不同的变化规律，其中总蛋自在这几种组织中均随性腺发育含量增加，至Ⅳ期(肝胰腺)和Ⅴ期(卵巢、血淋巴)达到高峰值；卵巢的总脂和甘油三酯从发育Ⅰ期-Ⅴ期随着性腺指数的增长而有规律的上升，但肝胰腺脂肪含量在卵巢发育初期(Ⅰ期-Ⅱ期)未见明显变化，Ⅱ期以后，肝胰腺脂肪含量逐渐下降，当卵巢脂肪含量达到最高值时，肝胰腺脂肪含量正好下降到最低点。同时，还对中国对虾卵巢发育过程中蛋白质和脂肪的积累问题进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
4.
通过卵巢离体实验研究性激素、大豆黄酮、生物胺及神经组织对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)卵巢发育的影响。结果表明，雌二醇可显著地增大卵黄发生前期、初级卵黄发生期和次级卵黄发生期卵巢卵母细胞的直径，黄体酮可显著增大卵黄发生前期卵巢卵母细胞直径，对初级卵黄发生期和次级卵黄发生期的卵母细胞直径有极显著地促进作用；大豆黄酮具有增大卵母细胞直径的作用，但作用不显著；脑和胸神经团对卵黄发生前期、初级卵黄发生期的卵母细胞直径有显著增大作用，对于次级卵黄发生期卵母细胞直径有极显著增大作用；视神经节作用不明显；5-羟色胺通过脑可显著促进卵黄发生前期、初级卵黄发生期卵巢卵母细胞直径的增大，极显著促进次级卵黄发生期卵巢卵母细胞直径的增大，还通过胸神经节极显著增大各期卵巢的卵母细胞直径；多巴胺作用不明显。 相似文献
5.
通过组织切片、酶联免疫吸附及荧光定量PCR等方法,研究了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)卵巢发育过程中性类固醇激素(雌二醇E2、孕酮P)、卵黄蛋白原(Vtg)含量及Vtg mRNA相对表达水平变化规律。结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼性腺指数(GSI)与卵巢成熟发育间呈同步性变化,Ⅴ期达到峰值。血清中E2含量自卵巢Ⅱ期开始显著升高,Ⅳ期达到峰值,Ⅴ期后显著下降;血清P含量自卵巢Ⅱ期开始不断升高,Ⅴ期达到峰值,Ⅵ期显著下降;E2、P分别在卵巢成熟发育前期与后期发挥作用。肝中Vtg含量先升、后降,Ⅳ期达峰值;血清、卵巢中Vtg含量均自Ⅱ期开始增加,Ⅴ期达峰值,Ⅵ期显著降低;不同组织中Vtg含量变化与卵巢成熟发育间存在密切关联。肝中Vtg mRNA表达水平在Ⅲ期达到峰值,Ⅳ期后持续下调;卵巢中Vtg mRNA表达水平相对较低,Ⅴ期达到峰值;初步推测肝、卵巢同是尼罗罗非鱼Vtg合成部位,肝是Vtg合成的主要器官,在卵黄积累阶段最为活跃,而卵巢Vtg合成水平相对较低。 相似文献
6.
促性腺激素诱发大西洋鲑卵黄发生期卵巢滤泡释放性类固醇激素的离体研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提要应用大麻哈鱼(Oncovhynchus keta)促性腺激素(GTH)诱发大西洋鲑(Salmosalar)卵黄发生期的离体卵巢滤泡(直径为3．4毫米)产生性类固醇激素的研究表明，不论用0．1或1微克／毫升GTH刺激，经培育10天后，未出现卵母细胞卵核消失的现象，卵核偏位也不明显。对培养液中17α，20β-双羟孕酮(17α20βP)的积累浓度测定结果，仅1微克／毫升GTH组含少量的17α20βP；0．1微克／毫升GTH组，培养液中雌二醇的积累浓度明显高于对照组和1微克／毫升GTH组，并为后者的两倍。除雌二醇外，孕酮，17α-羟孕酮，17α20βP，雄烯二酮和睾酮的产生，都呈现对GTH剂量的依赖关系，1微克／毫升GTH组的产生量明显高于0．1微克／毫升GTH组和对照组。离体研究的结果表明，处于卵黄发生期的卵巢滤泡对低剂量(0．1微克／毫升)和高剂量(1微克／毫升)GTH的反应不同。低浓度的GTH，引起性类固醇激素生物合成的途径沿着形成雌二醇的方向进行，雄激素被芳香化成雌激素，雌二醇再而刺激肝脏合成卵黄物质的前体，从而促进卵黄发生。高浓度的GTH，有抑制雌二醇合成的作用，而是促使卵母细胞向着最终成熟的方向发展，使性类固醇生物合成的途径转向形成大量雄激素和孕激素，特别是17α20βP。这与已充分生长和卵黄积累完成的卵巢滤泡离体试验的结果一致，与活体观察以上各种性类固醇激素的变化一致。 相似文献
7.
十足目甲壳动物卵黄蛋白原的生化特性及生物合成 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
十足目在甲壳动物中种类最多,经济价值最大,分为枝鳃亚目(对虾类)和腹胚亚目(真虾、螯龙虾、蟹类)两大类。十足目种类卵黄蛋白原基因c DNA全长基本都在8 kb左右,编码2500~2600个氨基酸组成的多肽,具有高度保守性。然而这两类生物的卵黄发生机制却存在显著差异。人工育苗过程中,对虾类卵巢不易发育,通常需要切除眼柄促熟,而腹胚亚目种类容易成熟甚至需要控制早熟。对虾类的卵黄蛋白原由卵巢和肝胰腺共同合成,一般卵巢贡献更大。尤其在卵巢发育前期,卵巢合成卵黄蛋白原较肝胰腺显著旺盛,具有"卵巢内源基因表达型"的特征。在真虾等腹胚亚目种类中,卵巢虽然也参与合成卵黄蛋白原,但以肝胰腺为主,绝大多数种类肝胰腺的贡献率超过90%。本文探讨了两类甲壳动物在卵黄发生机制中的显著差异与其在人工控制条件下性腺发育的不同表现之间的相互关系。 相似文献
8.
为掌握养殖银鲳的性腺发育规律及其与性类固醇激素水平的关系,本研究采用组织切片技术和酶联免疫吸附法(Elisa),观察养殖条件下银鲳的精巢与卵巢发育特征和血清中性类固醇激素的周年变化,并分析性腺成熟指数(GSI)、肝重指数(HSI)和肥满度(CF)与性腺发育的关系。结果显示,养殖银鲳雌鱼1龄即可发育成熟,成熟卵巢呈一对""形的囊状结构。11月份有近一半个体发育至III期,33.3%已发育至IV期,12月—翌年1月越冬期间约2/3退化至II期,3月又迅速发育至IV期,4月份达到V期并产卵,5月份产卵结束卵巢进入恢复期IV期。银鲳精巢属小叶型,III期精巢出现小叶腔,IV期精巢出现精子,精巢发育速率快于卵巢,即"雄性早熟",7月龄约20%个体可达到性成熟,越冬时退化至III期,3月重新发育,精子分批成熟排精。雌鱼GSI值为0.19%~12.89%,HSI为0.97%~2.30%,CF为2.30~3.08 g/cm~3,雄鱼的GSI为0.08%~2.62%,HSI值为0.73%~1.83%,CF为2.11~2.80 g/cm~3,GSI值在V期时达到最大,HSI和CF值则于IV期达到峰值。雌鱼血清中雌二醇(E2)周年表达水平为23.27~59.13 pg/m L,雄鱼为15.90~36.20 pg/m L,雌鱼的睾酮(T)为14.57~68.67 nmol/L,雄鱼的T为18.62~66.49 nmol/L,E2水平与HSI值呈现显著正相关关系,T表达水平与GSI值呈现显著正相关关系。研究表明,银鲳血清中性类固醇激素含量与精巢和卵巢的发育密切相关,可作为了解养殖银鲳性腺发育的重要指标。 相似文献
9.
人工诱导花鳗鲡成熟过程中卵巢内6种性类固醇激素的含量及变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用超高效液相色谱—串联质谱(UPLC/MS/MS)方法,分析比较了成年花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)经多次注射鲤鱼脑垂体(carp pituitary extract,CPE,20mg/kg.周)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG,300IU/kg.周)后,卵巢发育成熟过程中6种性类固醇激素的含量及变化。结果发现,睾酮(testosterone,T)、孕酮(progesterone,P)、雌二醇(estradiol-17β,E2)、雌三醇(estriol,E3)、17α,20β-二羟基-4-孕烯-3-酮(17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one,DHP)、17α-羟基孕酮(17α-hydroxyprogesterone,17α-OHP)在xBridge C18色谱柱上得到良好分离,在0～200ng/ml的范围内线性相关系数均大于0.99,检测限为0.1~0.2ng/g,回收率超过了89％,相对标准差均小于7.3%;注射激素后,6种类固类醇激素在花鳗鲡卵巢中的含量变化情况如下：第2次注射后,T, P, E2, E3, DHP, 17α-OHP的含量分别为0.27±0.05, 0.64±0.05, 0, 1.17±0.19, 0, 0ng/g; 第9次注射后,T, P, E2, E3, DHP, 17α-OHP的含量分别为0.73±0.13, 1.28±0.38, 1.27±0.27, 0.83±0.14, 1.50±0.59, 0.43±0.25ng/g; 第16次注射后,T, P, E2, E3, DHP, 17α-OHP的含量分别为1.17±0.14, 2.23±0.51, 5.59±0.96, 2.46±0.70, 2.29±0.65, 4.56±0.74 ng/g。结果表明,随着外源激素注射次数的增加,花鳗鲡卵巢中6种类固类醇激素的含量整体呈逐步增加的趋势,UPLC/MS/MS法能同时定量测定这6种性类固醇激素,具有灵敏、高回收率、稳定的优势。 相似文献
10.
养殖圆斑星鲽血浆性类固醇激素表达与卵巢发育及温光调控的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统研究了人工养殖条件下圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)亲鱼血浆性类固醇激素的年周期变化规律及其与卵巢发育成熟及温光调控的关系.结果表明,圆斑星鲽卵巢发育属非同步分批发育模式,一年一次成熟分批产卵类型.卵巢年周期发育过程中可见5个发育时相的卵母细胞,卵巢发育可化分为4个成熟阶段,6个发育时期.性腺指数(GSI)、肝脏指数(HSI)和肥满度(CF)在亲鱼的年周期发育中呈现规律性的变化.亲鱼血浆中雌二醇(E2)在产卵期达峰值;排卵结束后,E2表达水平降至较低水平.血浆中睾酮(T)含量在10月达峰值,并在产卵期间保持相对较高表达水平.统计分析表明,血浆E2水平与GSI和HSI值的变化都呈现显著的正相关关系（P＜0.05）.水温和光周期对卵巢发育具有明显的影响并显著影响E2的表达,GSI与水温存在显著的负相关关系(P＜0.05）,HSI与水温存在显著的负相关关系(P＜0.05),而CF与光周期现显著的负相关关系(P＜0.05).结论认为,圆斑星鲽雌性亲鱼血浆性类固醇激素表达水平变化与性腺发育（卵母细胞成熟）、水等具有显著的相关关系.本研究结果可作为温光调控人工亲鱼性腺发育成熟、激素诱导亲鱼产卵的重要参考技术依据. 相似文献
11.
The seasonal changes in hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma estradiol‐17β (E2) level in female rabbit fish (Siganus guttatus) were investigated. The relationship between plasma E2 levels with these indices and ovarian growth was also evaluated. Each month, at least 10 female broodfish were sacrificed to collect liver, ovary and blood for HSI, GSI and plasma E2, respectively. GSI and HSI were calculated as percentage (%) of relative weight of gonad and liver to total body weight, respectively. Plasma E2 level was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). Ovaries were cut and stained for histological observation. The results included seasonal changes in plasma E2 levels, stages of ovarian development, GSI and HSI. The highest level of E2 was observed in June (1,445.62 pg/ml) and during vitellogenesis (2,305 pg/ml). GSI and HSI values significant fluctuated monthly. The highest HSI and GSI were 1.72% in May and 3.58% in June, respectively. The pattern of plasma E2 levels showed a relationship with GSI and different stages of ovarian development. HSI was associated with ovarian stages. During vitellogenesis, the highest value (1.9%) of HSI was observed. Histological sections showed that rabbit fish is a multiple spawner. These results contribute to further understanding of female rabbit fish reproductive biology in captivity. Important reproductive parameters such as HSI, GSI and E2 can be used to indicate maturation status of this fish species. 相似文献
12.
Zhijun Liu Xugan Wu Yongxu Cheng Chaoshu Zeng Xiaozhen Yang 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(3):417-426
The present study investigated the external and histological changes in the ovary and measured the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) during the re‐maturation of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The results show that the ovarian re‐maturation cycle of this crab species can be divided into four stages, i.e. Stage I: the ovary had an X shape and appeared milky white or with a mottled buff colour, and the dominant gametocyte at the stage were oogonia (OG, 28.3%) and previtellogenic oocytes (PR, 31.6%); Stage II: the ovary appeared light yellow or tan in colour, dominated by endogenous vitellogeic oocytes (EN, 69.3%). The yolk globules of unreleased mature oocytes (MO) from the previous spawn were absorbed, leaving many vacuoles in the retrogressing MO; Stage III: the ovary appeared crimson red or deep purple, and although the main type of gametocyte was exogenous vitellogenic oocytes (EX), near‐mature oocytes (NO) could also be found in the late phase of the ovarian development stage; Stage IV: the ovary was ripe and filled with MO that contained large yolk globules. During the period of the second ovarian maturation cycle, the GSI increased significantly from the time just after the first spawning (P<0.01). However, although HSI appeared to decrease within days after spawning (DAS), no significant correlation was found between GSI and HSI or between HSI and DAS (P>0.05). Furthermore, the final GSI and the volume of MO of E. sinensis during the second maturation cycle were drastically lower than those of the first maturation cycle. 相似文献
13.
Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu Muhammet Enis Yonar Ayşe Gül Harlıoğlu Serpil Mişe Yonar Ardavan Farhadi 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2018,30(3):197-210
The effects of 17β-estradiol injection (10?7mol/crayfish) in adult female Astacus leptodactylus on the reproductive efficiency (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers) were investigated. In addition, hepatosomatic index, gonodosomatic index, and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels of crayfish ovary, hepatopancreas, and heamolymph before and after injections were also determined. Results showed that E2 injection to females enhances the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus. E2 injection significantly increased pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers, GSI, HSI, and concentrations of E2 in heamolymph, ovary, and hepatopancreas. However, E2 injection did not accelerate time of mating and proportion of pleopodal egg-berried females at the first week of reproduction season in this species. This study highlights that to improve the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus by using hormones to regulate the ovarian cycle, E2 should be used at least 1.5 months before the commencement of the breeding season. 相似文献
14.
脊尾白虾VgR基因克隆及其在卵巢发育过程中的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解卵黄蛋白原受体(vitellogenin receptor,Vg R)在脊尾白虾卵巢发育中的作用,采用同源克隆和RACE技术,克隆了脊尾白虾Vg R基因全长c DNA序列,用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析了Vg R基因在雌虾不同组织、卵巢发育不同时期的表达特征。结果显示,脊尾白虾Vg R基因全长5892 bp,开放阅读框5661 bp,编码1886个氨基酸。脊尾白虾Vg R具有低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)家族典型结构特征,属于LDLR家族,进化上与日本沼虾等甲壳动物Vg R亲缘关系最近,然后与昆虫Vg R分支聚为一支,而与LDLR家族中其他成员亲缘关系较远。脊尾白虾Vg R在各组织中均有表达,但主要在卵巢内表达。随着卵巢的发育,卵巢Vg R表达量逐渐升高,在III期达到最大,与肝胰腺Vg表达量、血液Vg浓度变化趋势相一致;而在卵巢成熟时,卵巢Vg R表达量降到了最低,与肝胰腺Vg表达情况截然相反;排卵后的恢复期,血液中Vg浓度仍维持在较高水平,卵巢Vg R表达量又升至III期水平,同时卵巢Vg表达量也升至最高。由此可见,甲壳动物与昆虫Vg R起源于同一祖先,但在进化上已形成独立一支;脊尾白虾卵巢成熟前,卵巢主要通过Vg R介导作用摄取血液中Vg,以供卵巢快速成熟;卵巢成熟期,肝胰腺呈现补偿性合成Vg,以尽快恢复其营养储备功能;卵巢恢复期,卵巢通过Vg R介导摄入外源Vg和内源合成Vg两种途径,为卵巢二次发育提供营养物质。 相似文献
15.
Hervey Rodríguez‐González Alfredo Hernández‐Llamas Manuel García‐Ulloa Humberto Villarreal 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):80-86
The effect of two crude dietary protein (26% and 32% P) and two lipid levels (4.7% and 12% L) on gonadal development of female redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus was determined. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), biochemical composition of gonad and hepatopancreas, oocyte diameter and frequency of the developmental stage of oocytes were analysed. The GSI was significantly less using 26% P to 4.7% L. A significant interaction between P and L content was found for GSI. A significantly higher HSI value was obtained when L was 12%. P content in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher using 32% P and 4.7% L. The maximum L content in the hepatopancreas was obtained from the 32% P and 12% L diet. A significant interaction between P and L content was found for L content in the hepatopancreas. A higher frequency of post‐vitellogenic oocytes was obtained with diets containing 32% P. There was an interaction between dietary P and L level causing lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas and changes in GSI. For an optimum 32% P, excess dietary lipid is bioaccumulated in the hepatopancreas, indicating that there is excess available energy. When the P and L levels are restricted, there is a limited gonad development, thus affecting overall reproduction in female C. quadricarinatus. 相似文献
16.
Hemolymph prostaglandin (PGF2 and PGE2) measurement systems for the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus were developed and validated. In these systems, both PGF2 and PGE2 in hemolymph obtained from a single prawn were measured. PGs were extracted through reverse-phase C18 cartridge column, separated for isomers of each PG by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and quantified with a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Detectable range was 6.5–200 and 26–400 pg/tube for the PGF2 and PGE2 assays, respectively. Serial dilution of extracted and separated hemolymph PGs (RIA sample) produced a curve parallel to the standard curves in both assays. These assays were able to measure PGs in the RIA samples spiked with the authentic standard. Overall, results indicate that the presently established assay systems can accurately measure hemolymph PGs in female kuruma prawns.
When hemolymph PGF2 and PGE2 levels were determined and plotted against the gonado-somatic index (GSI), no correlation was found in either PGs. In terms of ovarian developmental stages, however, the concentration of PGF2 significantly increased from 66.7 pg/ml at stage I (previtellogenic stage) to 303 pg/ml at stage II (primary vitellogenic stage) and decreased gradually thereafter. The concentration of PGE2 also increased markedly (4037.7 pg/ml) at stage II and decreased at stage III (secondary vitellogenesis stage). These results indicate that PGs vary in concentration during ovarian development in kuruma prawns. 相似文献
17.
从成熟的克氏原螯虾卵巢中提取总RNA,通过同源克隆得到了卵黄蛋白原受体c DNA部分序列,长度为506 bp,在NCBI网站上进行比对后发现,其与斑节对虾、短沟对虾、罗氏沼虾的卵黄蛋白原受体(Vg R)c DNA序列有较高的相似性。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,测定了卵巢不同发育时期卵巢和肝胰腺两个组织中卵黄蛋白原受体m RNA的相对表达水平。结果显示,卵巢是卵黄蛋白原受体基因表达的主要部位,而肝胰腺只能检测到少量表达,卵黄蛋白原受体基因在卵巢的卵原细胞增殖期相对表达量最高,随后下降,成熟期达到最低值,恢复期开始回升。结合卵巢不同发育阶段卵巢质量的变化计算表达总量,结果发现,卵黄蛋白原受体基因的表达总量在卵原细胞增殖期为最低,随后持续升高并至成熟期达到峰值,恢复期急剧下降,但仍略高于卵原细胞增殖期的表达量。此外,运用所构建的系统进化树比较了克氏原螯虾Vg R m RNA与其他物种间的遗传距离。 相似文献
18.
Lucas Rezende Penido Paschoal Leo Jaime Filgueira de Oliveira Guilherme Casemiro Andrioli Fernando Jos Zara 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3589-3596
The gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes are widely used for the evaluation of reproductive biology in crustaceans. However, the use of either wet or dry weight for estimating these indexes is not standardized in the literature. Here, we compare the GSI and HSI indexes based on wet and dry samples of females of Macrobrachium amazonicum from populations with different phenotypes (large and small‐size prawns) as a model. In our analysis, for GSI, the application of wet weight tended to overestimate the values recorded in the initial (I‐II) and intermediate (III) stages of ovarian development, and underestimate the results in the final (IV‐V) stages when compared to the use of dry weight. This could be attributed to the reduction in cytoplasmic organelles and water content of the cytosol due to the increase in yolk and lipids in the oocytes throughout ovarian development. For HSI, no significant differences were detected between wet and dry samples. However, the dry HSI computed at all stages of development was overestimated when compared to the use of wet samples, and only the hepatopancreas of females at the final stage (V) showed a significant decrease in water content. Thus, our results indicate that M. amazonicum females maintain constant hepatopancreatic reserves throughout ovarian development. In this way, the use of dry weight is more adequate to estimate GSI and HSI in this species. 相似文献