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1.
为建立同时快速检测奶牛奶样中无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,根据无乳链球菌sip基因、停乳链球菌isp基因、乳房链球菌pauA基因和金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因各设计1对特异性引物,建立多重PCR检测体系。结果显示,该检测方法具有高特异性,无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌敏感性分别为105、104、105、105 CFU/mL。对临床采集的460份奶样检测结果表明,建立的多重PCR体系可以用于临床上无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的奶牛乳房炎的检测。 相似文献
2.
BALB／c小鼠无乳链球菌性乳腺炎模型的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：本试验用隐性乳腺炎患牛奶样中分离到的无乳链球菌制成细菌悬液，通过乳头管将细菌悬液注入泌乳母鼠乳池内，诱发小鼠乳腺炎，在此基础上研究乳腺炎的发病机制。方法：在建立小鼠乳腺炎标准动物模型的基础上，通过细菌计数、组织学、组织化学、免疫组化技术及酶联免疫吸附试验等方法研究了乳腺炎模型中无乳链球菌感染诱发的乳腺免疫反应。结果：母鼠乳腺攻毒后，乳腺组织主要以不同程度的渗出性变化为特点，低剂量组腺泡上皮细胞发生轻度的脂肪变性，随着无乳链球菌接种剂量的增大，腺泡上皮细胞发生严重的脂肪变性以至部分腺泡上皮细胞溶解，乳腺明显充血，腺泡中散在嗜中性粒细胞。攻毒10^4CFU无乳链球菌组中肥大细胞和树突状细胞的数目比10^3CFU组明显增多，而10^5CFU组呈下降趋势。乳腺组织中IFN-γ、TNF—α含量变化在各组中类似于细胞数目变化。结论：选用10^4CFU／50μL作为攻毒剂量研究乳腺发病机制并建立标准动物模型。 相似文献
3.
采集92份患隐性乳房炎牛的乳汁,分别用PCR法和常规法进行致病菌检测,常规细菌鉴定法检测出金黄色葡萄球菌感染样18份,无乳链球菌感染样30份;双重PCR检测出金黄色葡萄球菌感染样22份、无乳链球菌感染样27份。本试验从基因水平对致病性乳汁进行检测,具有操作简便、快速、敏感性高、特异性强等特点。 相似文献
4.
5.
综合多种细菌、真菌DNA模板的提取方法,采用β-巯基乙醇裂解细胞壁,利用蜗牛酶和溶菌酶消化细胞壁,再利用石英砂机械破壁,能彻底破坏细菌、真菌细胞壁,提取高质量的DNA,摸索出一套从奶样中同时提取细菌、真菌核酸的新方法。建立双重PCR方法,同时完成对细菌16SrRNA保守区特异性基因片段和真菌18SrRNA保守区特异性基因片段的扩增,快速诊断奶牛乳房炎是细菌感染还是真菌感染或是混合感染。对采自临床型乳腺炎和隐性乳腺炎病例的共计84个乳样分别用传统细菌学培养法和双重PCR方法对比鉴定。结果表明,双重PCR检测乳样细菌的最小浓度为10^2CFU／mL,检测乳样真菌的最小浓度为10^3CFU／mL。双重PCR方法对细菌的检测与平板培养检测方法比较差异不显著（P〉0．05）,对真菌的检测与平板培养检测方法比较具有更高的检出率（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
6.
《中国预防兽医学报》2021,(5)
为建立一种能同时快速检测多种奶牛乳腺炎致病菌的多重PCR检测方法,本研究以化脓隐秘杆菌ISR基因、无乳链球菌cfb基因、大肠杆菌phoA基因、副乳房链球菌23S rRNA基因和金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因为靶基因,设计并合成了5对特异性引物,通过方阵法对多重PCR反应体系及反应条件优化,建立了一种能快速检测5种病原菌的多重PCR方法。对各菌种随机组合后利用该多重PCR方法检测,结果显示,该方法能同时快速检测奶牛乳腺炎乳样中5种主要病原菌,而其他病原菌则呈阴性结果,具有较强特异性。分别将化脓隐秘杆菌、无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌、副乳房链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌菌液10倍倍比稀释后,利用建立的多重PCR方法进行检测,确定该方法敏感性,结果显示,该方法对5种病原菌最低检测浓度分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌6.25×10~4cfu/mL,大肠杆菌2.95×10~6cfu/mL,化脓隐秘杆菌2.95×10~5cfu/mL,副乳房链球菌4.3×10~5cfu/mL,无乳链球菌3.15×10~5cfu/mL。对临床送检及人工模拟的乳样检测结果显示该方法具有较好符合率及灵敏度。本研究首次建立了对包括副乳房链球菌在内的奶牛乳腺炎致病菌多重PCR检测方法,为快速检测奶牛乳腺炎病原菌提供了可行的技术手段。 相似文献
7.
根据GenBank收录的序列,针对金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌在16S rRNA与23S rRNA之间的序列设计2对引物,扩增的片段长度分别为420 bp和270 bp;酵母样真菌参照念珠菌和隐球菌的18S rRNA发表的序列设计引物,扩增的片段长度为730 bp左右。建立了用于检测奶牛乳房炎的多重PCR检测方法,并对PCR扩增的特异性和敏感性进行了优化。运用建立的多重PCR方法对从无锡市采集的34份样品进行病原菌检测,结果表明,本试验建立的多重PCR检测方法具有高效、快速和灵敏的特点,为进一步防控乳房炎奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌是引起奶牛乳腺炎的3大病原菌，在链球菌属中无乳链球菌是引起奶牛乳腺炎的重要病原菌之一，由无乳链球菌导致的乳腺炎约占隐性乳腺炎发病率的56.25%。无乳链球菌入侵奶牛乳腺的过程主要包括感染、黏附上皮细胞、侵入上皮细胞、损伤机体和免疫逃避等过程。无乳链球菌的毒力因子具有附着和侵袭机体细胞的作用，使菌体在奶牛乳腺表面形成生物被膜，进而干扰机体的正常免疫功能并引起疾病。本文主要阐述了无乳链球菌在入侵乳腺组织过程中发挥主要作用的毒力因子的种类、作用机制以及调控过程，旨在通过抑制其相关毒力因子的活性，从而阻断无乳链球菌在乳腺中感染和传播，进而为预防和治疗链球菌型乳腺炎提供新的思路。 相似文献
9.
为评价牛乳腺炎无乳链球菌重组表面蛋白(pgk)免疫原性,并通过建立检测抗体的间接ELISA方法对免疫抗体效价进行评价,本研究根据GenBank登录的无乳链球菌pgk基因序列,设计一对引物,以临床分离菌株基因组DNA为模板PCR扩增出pgk蛋白抗原优势区的编码基因序列。将其插入pET-30a(+)中,并在大肠杆菌中表达。Western blot鉴定表明,表达的重组蛋白与阳性血清具有良好的反应原性。采用纯化的表达产物作为包被抗原建立了检测无乳链球菌抗体的间接ELISA方法,确定抗原最佳包被浓度为3.115μg/mL,血清最佳稀释度为1∶160,酶标二抗最适稀释度为1∶4 000。初步应用于检测无乳链球菌、化脓性链球菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌小鼠阳性血清的检测。结果表明牛乳腺炎无乳链球菌pgk亚单位抗原具有良好的抗原性,抗体检测灵敏度达到1∶4 000,同时表现良好的特异性。 相似文献
10.
根据NCBI上已收录的链球菌ef-tu基因、金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因、沙门菌hut基因和大肠杆菌23SrRNA基因的序列,设计并合成4对特异性引物,通过优化多重PCR的反应条件,建立了能够同时检测4种细菌混合感染的多重PCR诊断方法。特异性分析结果表明,应用该方法可以从链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌和大肠杆菌以及4种细菌的混合物中扩增出4条大小分别为197、278、495和652bp的特异性条带,其他对照组的检测结果均为阴性;敏感性分析表明,该方法对4种病原菌基因组DNA的检出量分别为链球菌25.6pg、金黄色葡萄球菌33.2pg、沙门菌35.7pg、大肠杆菌52.1pg;人工模拟感染样本检测表明,该方法能从混合感染的病料中特异地检测出4种病原菌。本试验建立的多重PCR方法具有特异性强,敏感度高,稳定性好的特点,可以有效的检测链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌和大肠杆菌的混合感染。 相似文献
11.
多重PCR快速检测奶牛乳房炎3种主要病原体 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
奶牛乳房炎是引起奶牛业经济损失的一种重要疫病,目前还没有快速、特异检测奶牛乳房炎主要致病原的方法。本试验根据金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌各自保守的16S或23S rRNA基因序列,合成了3对特异性引物,建立了三重PCR检测方法。特异性试验表明,该方法对所有参与测试的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠杆菌都能扩增出各自的阳性条带,而对所有参与测试的对照菌株则不能扩增出任何条带。敏感性试验表明该方法能检测到4个菌的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和2个菌的大肠杆菌。对送检的乳房炎奶样36份直接进行PCR检测,金黄色葡萄球菌阳性7份,无乳链球菌阳性2份,大肠杆菌阳性6份。 相似文献
12.
Accurate identification of mastitis pathogens is often compromised when using conventional culture-based methods. Here, we report a novel, rapid assay tested for speciation of bacterial mastitis pathogens using high-resolution melt analysis (HRMA) of 16S rDNA sequences. Real-time PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragment, spanning the variable region V5 and V6 was performed with a resulting amplicon of 290bp. First, a library was generated of melt curves of 9 common pathogens that are implicated in bovine mastitis. Six of the isolates, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma bovis, were type strains while the other 3, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Corynebacterium bovis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae, were bovine mastitis field isolates. Four of the type strains, E. coli, S. agalactiae, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, were found to be of human origin, while the other 3 type strains were isolated from bovine infections. Secondly, the melt curves and corresponding amplicon sequences of A. pyogenes, E. coli, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, K. pneumoniae, S. uberis and S. aureus were compared with 10 bovine mastitis field isolates of each pathogen. Based on the distinct differences in melt curves and sequences between human and bovine isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, it was deemed necessary to select a set of bovine strains for these pathogens to be used as reference strains in the HRMA. Next, the HRMA was validated by three interpreters analyzing the differential clustering pattern of melt curves of 60 bacterial cultures obtained from mastitis milk samples. The three test interpreters were blinded to the culture and sequencing results of the isolates. Overall accuracy of the validation assay was 95% as there was difficulty in identifying the streptococci due to heterogeneity observed in the PCR amplicons of S. uberis. The present study revealed that broad-range real-time PCR with HRMA can be used as a powerful, fast and low-cost tool for the differentiation of clinically important bacterial mastitis pathogens. 相似文献
13.
为建立一种直接从乳样中快速提取细菌DNA的方法,试验通过人工制备8个倍比稀释细菌的乳样,检测了Chelex-100法提取3种奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌)DNA进行PCR扩增的敏感性,并与苯酚—氯仿法进行了比较分析。结果显示,以Chelex-100法提取乳样中细菌DNA进行PCR扩增具有较高的敏感性,所检测金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌的最小浓度分别为103、102、102 CFU/mL;而使用苯酚—氯仿法提取乳样中各细菌DNA的PCR敏感性均为104 CFU/mL。综上所述,Chelex-100法提取乳样细菌DNA的PCR敏感性可以满足临床检测奶牛乳房炎的需要,显现了简单快速、经济、无污染的优点,为从乳样中直接提取细菌DNA提供了新的思路,对PCR快速检测乳房炎致病菌具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
利用THB固体培养基和色素培养基初步筛选出奶牛乳房炎中无乳链球菌，以分离的12株疑似菌的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增，对扩增产物进行分析，结合选择培养的生理生化特性对分离菌进行鉴定。结果表明，12株疑似菌中有8株为无乳链球菌. 相似文献
15.
Mastitis is the most common infectious disease affecting dairy cattle; in addition, it remains the most economically important disease of dairy industries around the world. Streptococcus agalactiae, a contagious pathogen associated with subclinical mastitis, is highly infectious. This bacterium can cause an increase in bulk tank bacterial counts (BTBC) and bulk tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC). The microbiological identification of S. agalactiae in samples from bulk tanks is an auxiliary method to control contagious mastitis. Thus, there are some limitations for time-consuming cultures or identification methods and additional concerns about the conservation and transport of samples. Bulk tank samples from 247 dairy farms were cultured and compared through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), directed to 16S rRNA genes of S. agalactiae, followed by BTBC and S. agalactiae isolation. The mean value of BTBC was 1.08×10(6) CFU mL(-1) and the bacterium was identified through the microbiological method in 98 (39.7%; CI(95%)=33.8-45.9%) and through PCR in 110 (44.5%; CI(95%)=38.5-50.8%) samples. Results indicated sensitivity of 0.8571±0.0353 (CI(95%)=0.7719-0.9196) and specificity of 0.8255±0.0311 (CI(95%)=0.7549-0.8827). The lack of significant difference between microbiological and molecular results (κ=0.6686±0.0477 and CI(95%)=0.5752-0.7620) indicated substantial agreement between the methods. This suggests that PCR can be used for bulk tank samples to detect contagious mastitis caused by S. agalactiae. 相似文献
16.
Traditional microbiological methods for identification of Streptococcus spp. causing bovine mastitis have been demonstrated to be less than highly reliable. PCR-RFLP analysis of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA was used to characterise seven reference strains of streptococcal mastitis pathogens as well as four reference strains of other gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci of bovine origin to allow comparative identification of field isolates. RFLP analysis of PCR products, using a combination of two restriction endonucleases in single reactions (HaeIII and AluI, HaeIII and RsaI or AluI and RsaI) generated unique patterns for species of Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Lactococcus. One hundred field isolates of Streptococcus spp. collected from cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis were tested. Fifty-seven isolates, classified by conventional tests as S. uberis, were identified as 47 S. uberis and six S. parauberis by their unique RFLP patterns. The remaining four isolates had RFLP patterns distinct from the reference strains and two of these were identified as closely related to S. iniae and two to Aerococcus viridans by 16S rRNA sequencing. Conventional identification of 17 S. agalactiae and 26 S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae was confirmed by RFLP. Use of a combination of restriction enzymes in a single tube enabled the rapid, accurate, cost effective and easily performed identification of all major streptococcal mastitis pathogens. 相似文献
17.
In this study the sensitivity of three methods of isolation of udder pathogens from milk samples from subclinical mastitis cases was compared. For analysis 1827 quarter milk samples were selected. Milk was cultured using a standard culture technique (0.01 ml of fresh milk streaked on a sheep blood agar plate and on Edward's medium). In addition, an inoculum of 0.01 ml of the original milk sample was incubated for 24h at 37 degrees C in broth, followed by culture using the standard culture technique. In the third method, the whole milk sample was frozen for 24h, and then incubated for 24h at 37 degrees C, followed by culture using standard culture technique. The isolation percentage of Staphylococcus aureus was 4.7% for standard culture technique, 14.2% for incubation in broth, and 21.5% for the combination of freezing plus incubation. Isolation percentage of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus agalactiae was highest using the standard culture technique, while isolation rate of Streptococcus uberis was not different among the three methods used. With increasing somatic cell count, the likelihood of S. aureus, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis isolation increased.Based on the relative sensitivity, defined as the isolation rate using a single technique compared to the isolation rate of the three techniques together, a combination of standard culture technique and freezing plus incubation was most attractive for achieving a high isolation rate of S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae. Relative sensitivity of S. uberis isolation was highest using the standard culture technique and incubation in broth, while S. aureus was most often isolated using a combination of incubation in broth and freezing plus incubation. A combination of the three methods increased the isolation rate for S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis and S. aureus. The standard culture technique, together with the combination of freezing plus incubation, can be recommended for isolating major udder pathogens. If S. aureus is the pathogen of main interest, using incubation in broth together with the combination of freezing plus incubation performed best. 相似文献
18.
试验旨在研究无乳链球菌的生物学特性,为防治无乳链球菌引起的奶牛乳房炎提供理论依据。根据细菌分子生物学分离鉴定无乳链球菌,参考GenBank登录的牛源无乳链球菌16S rRNA、菌属特异性cfb （CAMP因子）、毒力基因和耐药基因序列,运用Oligo 6.0和Primer Premier 5.0软件设计14对引物,建立PCR快速检测方法,并进行20种常见抗生药物的耐药试验。结果显示,试验成功鉴定出17株牛源无乳链球菌,毒力基因与NCBI上已报道的无乳链球菌相应序列具有高度同源性,均≥99%;共检测到6种耐药基因;分离菌株对青霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素、氨苄西林、新生霉素、磺胺异噁唑的耐药率均较高,耐药率依次为100.0%、94.1%、94.1%、94.1%、94.1%、82.3%、82.3%和47.1%,对青霉素严重耐药;而对氨基糖苷类、四环素类、头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类耐药率均较低,耐药率分别为15.7%、14.7%、7.7%和3.9%。本研究结果表明,建立的PCR快速检测方法灵敏可靠,云南地区无乳链球菌已对部分β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、磺胺类等抗生素出现多重耐药性。 相似文献
19.
A 31-year record-based retrospective study was carried out to determine the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania over the period November 1971-December 2002. Laboratory information on 1964 quarter samples from 1365 cows in 281 smallholder dairy herds were retrieved, compiled and studied. Eighty-eight percent of the quarter samples were culture-positive and the predominant mastitis pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%) and Escherichia coli (14.1%). Other isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5.2%) and Streptococcus uberis (4.2%). Contagious mastitis pathogens were isolated from 45.6% of the culture-positive samples, whereas environmental and miscellaneous pathogens were isolated from 48.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Thirty percent of the miscellaneous mastitis pathogens were Candida species. The results demonstrate a steady increase in clinical Candida albicans mastitis. The prevalence of Candida albicans has increased from 1% in 1971 to 17.0% in November 2002. Conversely, despite some fluctuations, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae remain above 10%. The possible risk factors for these observations are discussed. 相似文献