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《动物医学进展》2021,42(8)
为了解新疆部分地区规模化鸡场饲料中霉菌毒素污染情况,从新疆部分地区规模化鸡场采集豆粕(78份)、玉米(72份)、麦麸(60份)及全价配合饲料样品(80份)共计290份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测290份饲料样品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)和T-2毒素(T-2)含量。结果表明,豆粕、玉米、麦麸及全价配合饲料样品中4种霉菌毒素检出率在52.7%～100.0%之间,豆粕中AFB1和ZEN超标率分别为9.2%和6.2%,玉米中AFB1和ZEN超标率分别为16.2%和8.4%,全价配合饲料中AFB1和T-2超标率分别为19.8%和12.6%。说明该地区规模化鸡场中豆粕、玉米、麦麸及全价配合饲料存在AFB1、ZEN及T-2等3种霉菌毒素污染,应引起重视。 相似文献
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本研究采用免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱法测定了国内各省(市区)域的玉米、 玉米副产物、 小麦及麸皮、 粕类和全价饲料等1304个饲料及饲料原料样品中黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)、 玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和呕吐毒素(DON)的含量,以了解中国饲料和原料中霉菌毒素污染情况.结果表明:玉米、 玉米副产物、 小麦及麸皮、 粕类和全价料中AFB1检出率分别为92.14%、91.48%、66.23%、97.53%和83.06%,超标率分别为31.94%、25.00%、7.79%、81.48%和11.29%;ZEN的检出率分别为79.93%、95.45%、76.62%、72.84%和88.98%,超标率分别达到4.35%、58.52%、10.39%、18.52%和7.26%;DON的检出率分别为96.49%、96.59%、100.00%、74.07%和90.32%,超标率分别达到51.17%、82.39%、83.12%、3.70%和42.20%.其中玉米副产物和小麦及麸皮是霉菌毒素污染最为严重的饲料原料,是霉菌毒素风险控制的主要关注对象. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(2)
应用HPLC-MS/MS对山东省肉鸡全价料及原料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、伏马毒素B1(FUMB1)、呕吐毒素(DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的含量进行检测。结果发现,324份样品中AFB1、FUMB1、DON和ZEN检出率分别为89.81%、77.16%、63.58%和97.22%,平均浓度分别为38.24、1 259.61、681.15μg/kg和889.34μg/kg,说明山东地区肉鸡全价料及原料霉菌毒素污染比较普遍;在全价料及原料中,全价料、花生粕、棉籽粕和DDGS中ZEN和AFB1污染较严重,玉米中ZEN和FUMB1污染较严重,麸皮中ZEN和DON污染较严重,玉米蛋白粉中4种霉菌毒素污染均较重。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(8)
为了解山东省饲料原料及配合饲料中霉菌毒素含量及污染状况,随机采集于山东各地饲料原料2 237份,配合饲料1 432份,利用上转发光竞争抑制免疫层析法分别测定了黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB_1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和呕吐毒素(DON)含量。结果表明:饲料原料中AFB_1污染率为39.20%,超标率为7.18%;ZEN污染率为43.23%,超标率为12.82%;DON污染率为62.58%,超标率为1.79%。玉米及副产物应重点关注3种毒素的污染,小麦及副产物和米糠重点关注DON污染,花生饼粕重点关注AFB_1的污染;配合饲料中AFB_1污染率为45.88%,超标率为2.74%;ZEN污染率为57.05%,超标率为4.04%;DON污染率为77.37%,超标率为0.81%。配合饲料应关注鸭饲料及猪饲料3种毒素的污染,雏鸡饲料应关注AFB_1污染,生长及产蛋鸡饲料应关注ZEN含量,奶牛精料补充料应关注DON和AFB_1的污染。 相似文献
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[目的]了解安徽省临泉县规模化羊场常用饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染情况。[方法]从安徽省临泉县22家存栏数在500只以上的规模化羊场采集8类饲料及饲料原料样品共55份,包括豆粕2份、小麦及麦麸6份、玉米10份、大豆皮2份、羔羊精料补充料13份、肉羊精料补充料8份、育肥羊全价配合饲料7份以及羊场自配饲料7份。利用荧光定量检测法快速检测饲料样品中黄曲霉素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）、呕吐毒素（deoxynivalenol,DON）含量,计算不同饲料样品中3种霉菌毒素的检出率和超标率。[结果]55份饲料及饲料原料样品中,AFB1、ZEN和DON的总体检出率分别为50.90%、56.36%和69.09%,总体超标率分别为7.27%、5.45%和5.45%。在AFB1检测方面,有5类样本检测结果呈阳性,其中,肉羊精料补充料的检出率最高,为75.00%;羔羊精料补充料和肉羊精料补充料超标,超标率分别为15.38%和12.50%;玉米的检出值最大,为53.5μg/kg。在ZEN检测方面,有6类样本检测结果呈阳性,其中,羔羊精料补充料的检出率... 相似文献
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[目的]为了解掌握我省肉牛饲料中霉菌毒素污染情况,有针对性的指导养殖场户及饲料加工企业开展霉菌毒素防控,避免霉菌毒素污染对饲料品质和肉牛健康的危害,降低经济损失。[方法]本研究对来自河南省泌阳县8个养殖场户的22份肉牛饲料原料进行分析,采用ELISA方法测定了饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA)、呕吐毒素（DON）及T-2毒素（T-2）的含量。[结果]结果表明,在所检测的22份饲料原料中都存在不同程度的霉菌毒素污染情况,其中,72.73%的饲料原料受到2种及以上霉菌毒素污染。AFB1是污染最为严重的毒素,检出率高达90.91%,超标率达59.1%,尤其是在麦秸、花生秧和玉米中的污染表现得更为突出。其次是T-2毒素,检出率为77.27%,在麦秸和青贮玉米中污染严重。DON、ZEN及OTA毒素检出率为36.36%、27.27%及27.27%,其中,DON毒素的最大检测值为5830.3 μg/kg。[结论]以上结果表明,泌阳县肉牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素污染现象普遍存在,霉菌毒素共存现象也较为严重。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究家禽饲料中的主要霉菌毒素与家禽肉、内脏和鸡蛋霉菌毒素含量的相关性。本试验对山东省各地市分别取有代表性的16个肉鸡养殖场(每场采集饲料1份和3只肉鸡的胸肉、腿肉、心脏、肝脏)和14个蛋鸡养殖场(每场采集4枚鸡蛋和1份饲料)进行霉菌毒素检测。结果表明：肉鸡配合饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤酶烯酮(ZEN)和脱氧血腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的检出率分别为93.75%、100%和87.5%,1份AFB1超标饲料中含量为15.02μg/kg时,肉鸡肝脏中AFB1毒素残留量仅为0.012μg/kg。肉鸡饲料中ZEN为502、558、672.5μg/kg时,肝脏ZEN含量分别为0.25、0.354、0.405μg/kg,在其他组织中未发现ZEN毒素残留。肉鸡饲料AFB1、ZEN和DON不超标,肌肉和脏器中没有检出AFB1、ZEN和DON。蛋鸡配合饲料AFB1、ZEN和DON的检出率分别为100%、100%和93.75%,且含量均低于限量标准,3种毒素在鸡蛋中均未检出。饲料中AFB1、ZEN和DON含量低于限量标准时,在肌肉、脏器和鸡蛋中未能检出。饲料中AFB1、ZEN含量高于限量标... 相似文献
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Krizsan SJ Nyholm L Nousiainen J Südekum KH Huhtanen P 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(9):3162-3173
The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. 相似文献
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大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。 相似文献
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中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。 相似文献
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猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。 相似文献
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W A Vestre 《Modern veterinary practice》1984,65(2):93-97
In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye. 相似文献
17.
Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015. 相似文献
18.
Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Meemken D Cuny C Witte W Eichler U Staudt R Blaha T 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,115(4):132-139
In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research. 相似文献
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为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。 相似文献
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N. Hawa D. G. Rae S. Younis W. Mahadi R. Ibrahim W. Al-Wahab 《Tropical animal health and production》1988,20(3):130-136
Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.
Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq
Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.
Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak
Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.相似文献