共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
苏良科 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2011,31(6)
许多国家对饲用抗生素的使用限制促进了抗生素替代品的研究.一组被称为植物提取物的天然产品已成为近年来研究的研究重点.植物提取物也被称为植生素或植物药物,它们是植物源产品,用在饲料中以提高猪的生产性能.这些产品除了具有抗菌作用外,还具有抗氧化作用,可提高日粮的适口性、改善肠道功能,或促进生长.然而,验证其对猪潜在益处的研究还很有限. 相似文献
2.
3.
抗生素被禁用后,猪肠道健康问题是养猪业面临的一大难题.植物提取物是一种植物源添加剂成品,含有多种活性成分和营养成分,具有无毒副作用、低残留和不易产生耐药性等特点,是抗生素的理想替代品.文章对常见的植物提取物进行简要概述,重点综述不同种类植物提取物对猪肠道屏障和肠道微生物的影响,以期为今后合理使用植物提取物改善猪肠道健康... 相似文献
4.
早在1986年瑞典就率先提出了禁止在肉鸡饲料中使用抗生素,随后抗生素的禁用在世界各地全面展开,自此以来抗生素替代品的研究在动物营养中已受到了越来越多的关注。肠道微生物似乎是饲用抗生素(In-Feed Antibiotics,IFAs)的作用对象,同时抗生素替代品必须有利于维持动物健康和具有一定的促生长作用。本文讨论了六种饲用抗生素替代品对肠道微生物菌群的作用,综述了它们的作用机制和促生长作用,并重点介绍最近几年多位作者以甘露寡糖为抗生素替代品的研究结果。 相似文献
5.
6.
近年来由于抗生素在临床上的滥用,使得抗菌药物的抗菌效果大大降低,抗生素滥用还会导致有害菌定殖增加,影响人和动物的健康。因此,很多国家开始禁止用抗生素作为饲料添加剂,且在饲料中添加低剂量的抗生素作为肠道微生态调节剂已不再受欢迎,而探寻新的抗生素替代品来调节畜禽肠道微生物区系和维持肠道健康显得非常重要。人们一直误认为饲粮纤维是一种抗营养因子,指出纤维能稀释饲粮能量水平,影响家禽的生产性能。但最新研究表明,在家禽饲粮中添加适量纤维是改善家禽肠道健康、减少家禽肠道紊乱的一种有效的营养调控措施。本文从家禽肠道发育、肠道黏膜形态及上皮组织健康、肠道消化生理、肠道微生物区系等方面综述饲粮纤维对家禽肠道健康的影响,为进一步研究纤维对家禽肠道健康的调控机制提供参考,也为今后在家禽饲粮中添加纤维性物质提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
7.
《广东畜牧兽医科技》2021,46(3)
饲粮中长期添加和滥用亚治疗剂量的抗生素,引起细菌耐药、菌群失调、药品残留、环境污染等安全问题。随着无抗饲料养殖时代的到来,寻找饲用抗生素替代品成为研究热点。植物提取物是用物理、化学、生物学等方法从天然植物原料中分离提取具有生物活性的一类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗菌消炎,改善消化生理、促生长,增强免疫,调节肠道微生物,改善肉品质等优点,是一种安全、绿色、无耐药、低残留"替抗"产品。本文综述了植物提取物在畜禽无抗养殖中的应用研究进展,为绿色、安全饲用的抗生素替代品的研发及应用提供科学参考和理论依据。 相似文献
8.
9.
植物提取物中的活性物质有黄酮类、植物精油、生物碱、茶多酚、皂苷和多糖等,这些活性物质在动物机体内具有抗菌、抗氧化、增强肠道免疫、促进消化酶分泌及改善肠道健康等多种生理功能,且具有无残留和无耐药性等特点,是抗生素的理想替代品之一。本文借鉴国内外学者近年来的植物提取物在家禽肠道健康调控方面的研究成果,对植物提取物的抑菌活性成分及抗菌机制进行了概括和阐述,重点综述了植物提取物对家禽肠道消化生理、肠道发育及黏膜形态、肠道菌群、肠道免疫和肠道有害代谢产物的影响及其作用机制,以期为今后在家禽生产中合理使用植物提取物提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
随着动物微生态学的不断发展,以有益微生物菌群研制开发的饲用微生态制剂,作为一类新型无公害饲料资源已被广泛使用.研究发现,饲用微生物添加剂具有改善肠道微生态环境、提高畜禽生产性能、无抗药性、无毒、无不良反应、无药物残留及无污染等特点,已成为抗生素的有益替代品.就微生物添加剂的种类、作用机制、功能和微生物添加剂的生产及应用进行综述. 相似文献
11.
12.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(1)
In recent years,the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny.The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance.Chicken egg yolk antibodies(IgY) have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance.Oral administration of IgY possesses many advantages over mammalian IgG such as cost-effectiveness,convenience and high yield.This review presents an overview of the potential to use IgY immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of swine diarrhea diseases and speculates on the future of IgY technology.Included are a review of the potential applications of IgY in the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,Salmonella spp.,rotavirus,porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus,and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.Some potential obstacles to the adoption of IgY technology are also discussed. 相似文献
13.
In recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. Oral administration of IgY possesses many advantages over mammalian IgG such as cost-effectiveness, convenience and high yield. This review presents an overview of the potential to use IgY immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of swine diarrhea diseases and speculates on the future of IgY technology. Included are a review of the potential applications of IgY in the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Some potential obstacles to the adoption of IgY technology are also discussed. 相似文献
14.
Baikui Wang Li Gong Yuanhao Zhou Li Tang Zihan Zeng Qi Wang Peng Zou Dongyou Yu Weifen Li 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(3):829-840
With the ever-growing strict prohibitions on antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production, in-feed probiotics are becoming attractive alternatives to antibiotics in the poultry industry. To investigate the effects of Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 and Lactobacillus plantarum 16 on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers, 540 male Cobb 500 broilers of 1 d old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 chicks per replicate. Broilers were fed with either a basal diet or basal diets supplemented with 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/kg P. polymyxa 10 (BSC10) or L. plantarum 16 (Lac16) for 42 d. Results showed that Lac16 treatment improved (P < 0.05) the growth performance (body weight and feed conversion) of broilers at the starter phase, while BSC10 treatment slightly improved (P > 0.05) the growth performance of the starter phase broilers. The increased villus height (P < 0.05) at d 14, 21 and 42 and villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) at d 14 and 21 were observed in the ileum of the 2 probiotic groups. Besides, transmission electron microscopy results showed that the 2 probiotics enhanced the intestinal epithelial barrier. Both probiotic treatments up-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and sodium-dependent glucose transporters-1 (SGLT-1) in the ileal mucosa of broilers at d 21. In addition, BSC10 and Lac16 treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria, such as Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira and Coprococcu, and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the relative abundance of enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis and Shigella sonnei). Furthermore, the 2 probiotic treatments also increased the positive connection among the intestinal microbes and the carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways of the intestinal bacteria (P < 0.05), with decreasing (P < 0.05) nucleotides biosynthesis-related pathways of the intestinal bacteria. Overall, these results suggest that the 2 probiotics, especially Lac16, have a potential beneficial effect on the growth performance and intestinal health of starter phase broilers. 相似文献
15.
随着现代社会的发展,集约化养殖成为主流趋势,抗生素的缺失往往会给养殖者带来巨大损失。但是,长期以来,抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药性和药物残留问题日益严峻。随着我国2020年饲料添加剂类的抗生素的禁用,寻找高速、有效的抗生素替代品成为养殖业急需解决的重要问题。近年来,涌现出的各种饲料添加剂,如酸化剂、微生态制剂、酶制剂、植物提取物、抗菌肽等均表现出良好的杀菌、抑菌、促进动物生长、提高免疫力的效果,为抗生素替代提供了解决思路。文章对近年来一些抗生素替代品在生猪养殖方面的研究应用情况进行了综述,为替抗用饲料添加剂使用提供参考。 相似文献
16.
17.
植物精油是通过萃取提炼出来的一类芳香族植物特有的高度芳香浓缩提取物,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、诱食促生长、提高动物抗应激能力等生物学效应。因其所具有的天然、安全、多样的生物活性等多种优点而备受关注,有望成为抗生素的替代品之一。本文主要围绕植物精油对反刍动物生长和免疫的影响、作用机理进行综述,旨在为将来植物精油用作反刍动物饲料添加剂提供依据。 相似文献
18.
Changes in the prevalence of resistant Escherichia coli in cattle receiving subcutaneously injectable oxytetracycline in addition to in-feed chlortetracycline compared with cattle receiving only in-feed chlortetracycline 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Information about the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal enteric bacteria is of interest because these bacteria are potential indicators of selection pressure on enteric bacteria and represent a reservoir of resistance genes in potentially pathogenic bacteria. This study reports changes in the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics in commensal Escherichia coli from cattle receiving either subcutaneously injectable oxytetracycline in addition to in-feed chlortetracycline or only in-feed chlortetracycline. Resistance to 19 antibiotics was examined. The use of injectable oxytetracycline in addition to in-feed chlortetracycline was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with an increase in the prevalence of resistance only to chloramphenicol and sulfisoxazole. 相似文献
19.
《动物营养（英文）》2015,(1)
Poultry production has undergone a substantial increase compared to the livestock industries since 1970.However, the industry worldwide is now facing challenges with the removal of in-feed antibiotics completely or gradually, as the once well-controlled poultry diseases have re-emerged to cause tremendous loss of production. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is one of the most important diseases which costs the industry over two billion dollars annually. In this paper, we review the progress on the etiology of NE and its control through dietary modifications, pre-and probiotics, short chain fatty acids, and vaccination. The other likely measures resulted in the most advances in the toxin characterization are also discussed. Vaccine strategies may have greater potential for the control of NE mainly due to clearer etiology of NE having been elucidated in recent years with the identification of necrotic enteritis toxin B-like(NetB) toxin. Therefore, the use of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics with a better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and NE, and limiting exposure to infectious agents through biosecurity and vaccination, might be a tool to reduce the incidence of NE and to improve gut health in the absence of in-feed antibiotics. More importantly, the combinations of different measures may achieve greater protection of birds against the disease. Among all the alternatives investigated, prebiotics, organic acids and vaccination have shown improved gastrointestinal health and thus, have potential for the control of NE. 相似文献