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1.
采用微量稀释法分别测定黄芩苷对链球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。结果显示,黄芩苷对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为16μg/m L,对链球菌的MIC为64μg/m L,对沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌无明显抑菌性。说明黄芩苷对猪大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,对链球菌的抑菌性较差,对沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌无明显抑菌性。 相似文献
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为评估肉鸡日粮中添加抗菌肽替代抗生素的饲用效果,本试验先对1种天蚕素抗菌肽进行了体外抑菌试验,然后进行了肉鸡饲喂试验。用微量稀释法测定了天蚕素抗菌肽对大肠杆菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)。结果表明,天蚕素抗菌肽对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别是20μg/mL、20μg/mL和40μg/mL。在肉鸡饲喂试验中,饲料中添加150mg/kg的天蚕素抗菌肽可以促进肉鸡生长,降低发病率。 相似文献
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为了给表达高活性的抗菌肽Hadrurin提供开发应用的依据,进一步为用基因工程方法生产具有多种生物活性的抗菌肽Hadrurin蛋白提供研究基础,本研究表达获得重组抗菌肽Hadrurin(rHadrurin)蛋白的基础上,将纯化的rHadrurin蛋白进行肠激酶酶切,恢复其天然活性结构。用最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)方法检测抗菌肽Hadrurin在不同剂量、不同pH值、不同保存温度下对鸡致病性大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及杀菌活性。并以小鼠为动物模型,进行抗菌肽rHadrurind对小鼠的体内保护实验。结果表明抗菌肽rHadrurin对上述细菌的最小抑菌范围为1.32μg/mL～4.32μg/mL,最小杀菌范围为1.77μg/mL～8.54μg/mL,而且-70℃～100℃及在pH3～pH10条件下仍具有高效抗菌活性。240μg/只剂量的抗菌肽蛋白可有效预防保护小鼠免受致死剂量鸡致病性大肠杆菌攻击,320μg/只剂量可达到保护率85%以上。 相似文献
4.
对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行正己酸的抗性试验,以研究正己酸对病原菌的抑制作用。试验采用等浓度梯度稀释、光密度值测定、平板涂布方法、牛津杯法,分别测定大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)以及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),绘制1/2MIC以及MIC处理过的大肠杆菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌的生长曲线,抑菌圈直径,结合扫描电镜图片分析最小杀菌浓度处理后的细胞形态结构的变化。结果表明:正己酸对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为700μg/mL、对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为1 000μg/mL;对大肠杆菌的最小杀菌浓度为1 000μg/mL、对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小杀菌浓度为1 300μg/mL;当正己酸浓度为1 600μg/mL时,电镜下,大肠杆菌数量较少,金黄色葡萄球菌数量少且呈现出细胞破裂萎缩现象。综上,正己酸对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌有抑制作用,破坏了金黄葡萄球菌的细胞膜结构。 相似文献
5.
以食品行业常见细菌和真菌为研究对象,采用平板稀释法和滤纸片法测定了茶多酚对一些细菌和真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:茶多酚对供试细菌有较强的抑菌活性,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、肺炎链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC100)均为0.9μg/mL,而对铜绿假单胞杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC100)为1.3μg/mL;而茶多酚对供试的黄曲霉、点青霉和黑根霉均无明显的抑菌作用。 相似文献
6.
试验旨在分析绵羊抗菌肽颗粒溶素(granulysin,GNLY)基因多态性,检测合成多肽的抑菌活性和抑制肿瘤细胞活性,明确绵羊抗菌肽GNLY的生物学功能。通过对GNLY基因RT-PCR产物进行测序,分析GNLY基因多态性,推导其氨基酸序列信息合成功能区多肽,利用径向扩散试验和MIC试验检测合成多肽对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用;利用MTT试验观察合成多肽对人食管癌细胞(EC109)、人肾癌细胞(X786-0)的抑制作用。结果发现,MIC试验中浓度250μg/mL的G16对大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌均有抑制作用;浓度≥7.82μg/mL的GS16对大肠杆菌抑制作用明显,对沙门氏菌、葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌无明显抑制作用;62.5μg/mL GC16对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,其中对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用较为明显;G22对4种细菌均无明显的抑制作用。MTT试验结果表明,合成多肽G16、GS16对癌细胞无抑制作用,G22和GC16对EC109、X786-0具有显著抑制作用,其中1mg/mL G22和1mg/mL GC16对EC109生长抑制率分别为88.21%和57.21%,对X786-0生长抑制率分别为96.37%和81.87%。研究显示,合成GNLY多肽对细菌和肿瘤细胞具有一定的抑制活性,本研究结果为绵羊抗菌肽作为候选抗菌药物的开发奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(1)
采用水提法和乙醇回流加热法分别提取功劳叶,应用牛津杯法和试管二倍稀释法分别检测功劳叶提取物对试验菌的抑菌圈直径、最低抑菌浓度(MinimumInhibitory Consistency,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(Minimum Bactericidal Consistency,MBC)。结果显示,功劳叶醇提物金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为20.69 mm、15.40 mE;MIC值分别是31.3 mg/mL、125 mg/mL;MBC值分别是62.5 mg/mL、500 mg/mL。功劳叶水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈13.54mm,其MIC值、MBC值分别是62.5 mg/mL、500 mg/mL,对大肠杆菌抗菌活性较弱,其MIC值为500 mg/mL,MBC500 mg/mL。功劳叶不同提取物对细菌的抗菌活性有所差异,功劳叶醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均由不同程度的抑菌或杀菌能力。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
18.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献