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1.
为研究泰地罗新注射液在藏鸡体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在藏鸡体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,试验选取藏鸡12羽,泰地罗新单剂量注射给药(4 mg/kg.bw),不同时间点采集藏鸡血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果表明:注射给药后,泰地罗新在藏鸡体内的药-时曲线符合有吸收三室开放模型,其主要药动学参数:T_(max)为(1.727±0.237)h,C_(max)为(0.938±0.121)μg/m L,t_(1/2)为(36.198±2.394)h,AUC为(55.564±3.675)μg·h/m L,V_d为(16.155±2.676)m L/kg,表明泰地罗新注射给药后在藏鸡体内吸收迅速,消除较为缓慢,对新兽药的研发和临床合理使用具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

2.
为研究泰地罗新注射液在藏系羊体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在藏系羊体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,为泰地罗新注射液的临床合理用药提供参考,选取8只藏系羊,泰地罗新4 mg/kg体重单剂量肌内注射给药,不同时间点采集藏系羊血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果显示:给药后泰地罗新在藏系羊体内的药-时曲线符合有吸收三室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为:达峰时间(T_(max))为(0.723±0.186)h,最高血药浓度(C_(max))为(0.769±0.231)μg/m L,半衰期(t_(1/2))为(86.525±10.547)h,表观分布容积(Vd)为(15.298±2.564)m L/kg,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(28.738±3.452)μg·h/m L。结果表明:泰地罗新注射给药后,在藏系羊体内吸收迅速,消除较为缓慢。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究泰地罗新注射液肌内注射和静脉注射在猪体内的药动学特征和绝对生物利用度,16只健康猪采用随机单剂量、平行试验设计,分别以4 mg/kg BW肌内注射和以1 mg/kg BW静脉注射泰地罗新注射液。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪血浆中泰地罗新的浓度,以药动学分析软件WinNolin 6.4非房室模型计算药动学参数。结果显示,猪肌内注射泰地罗新注射液的药动学参数分别为Tmax(0.58±0.36)h,Cmax(0.88±0.17)μg/ml,AUClast(11.00±4.05)μg.h/mL,T1/2λz(33.58±22.01) h,MRTlast(35.60±10.00 )h。猪静脉注射泰地罗新注射液的药动学参数分别为AUClast(3.56±1.62)μg.h/mL,T1/2λz(50.91±23.47)h,MRTlast(37.53±4.52 )h,Vz(17.59±8.09)L/kg,Cl(0.31±0.14)L/h.kg。肌内注射泰地罗新注射液的绝对生物利用度77.15%,在猪体内的药动学特征是吸收迅速,血浆达峰时间短,消除半衰期长,绝对生物利用度高。  相似文献   

4.
为了探究泰地罗新在猪体内的药物动力学特征以及口服生物利用度,本试验通过给猪单次口服和静脉注射泰地罗新,来研究泰地罗新在猪体内的药物动力学特征以及生物利用度。试验结果显示,泰地罗新口服在猪体内吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为1. 057 h,消除半衰期(t1/2β)为80. 9h,达峰时间(Tmax)为2. 10 h,峰浓度(Cmax)为0. 51μg/m L,其吸收快,消除半衰期长,单次口服给药可长时间维持较高的血药浓度,口服给药在猪体内的生物利用度为72. 9%。研究表明,说泰地罗新在猪体内的口服生物利用度较高,在猪体内分布广,口服和静注的消除半衰期无明显差异,较为适合口服给药。  相似文献   

5.
甲砜霉素在鸡体内的药动学   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
20只健康杂交肉鸡,随机分成2组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别进行静脉注射和口服甲砜霉素给药的药动学研究。静注和口服的给药剂量分别为15、30 mg/kg。以反相HPLC测定血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理。鸡单剂量静注给药后,血药浓度-时间数据符合无吸收二室开放模型,其主要动力学参数分别为:V(c)(0.92±0.01)L/kg,t1/2α(0.27±0.02)h,t1/2β(3.46±0.74)h,AUC(11.67±0.57)mg/(L.h),CL(s)1.29 L/(kg.h)。鸡单剂量口服给药血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型,其主要动力学参数分别为:Lagtime(0.04±0.01)h,t1/2ka(0.76±0.11)h,t1/2ke(2.16±0.58)h,T(peak)(1.73±0.11)h,C(max)(6.03±0.92)mg/L,AUC(32.43±0.75)mg/(L.h),F(138.58±0.07)%。甲砜霉素在鸡体内的药动学特征表现为分布广泛,消除迅速;口服给药吸收迅速且完全,生物利用度高。  相似文献   

6.
为研究牛蒡子粉在仔猪体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在仔猪体内的吸收、分布、转化和排泄规律,为新兽药的研发和临床用药提供理论参考依据。选取健康仔猪8头(30.0±5.0kg),以1.0g/kg.bw的牛蒡子粉灌胃给药,不同时间点前腔静脉采血,采用HPLC法对猪血浆中牛蒡苷元的浓度进行分析。牛蒡子粉灌胃给药后,符合有吸收二室模型,主要药物动力学参数为：吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为0.274±0.102 h,分布半衰期(t1/2α)1.435±0.725h;消除半衰期(t1/2β)63.467±29.115 h;表观分布容积(Vd)1.680±0.402 L/kg;清除率(CLb)0.076±0.028L/(h.kg);达峰时间(tmax)为0.853±0.211 h,峰浓度(cmax)为0.430±0.035μg /mL,药时曲线下面积(AUC)14.672±4.813μg.h/mL。试验表明：牛蒡子粉口灌后在仔猪体内吸收迅速、分布广泛、代谢消除缓慢,能够较长时间发挥药理作用。  相似文献   

7.
本试验主要研究舒巴坦匹酯在肉鸡体内的药物动力学特征和生物利用度,为兽医临床用药提供依据。将20羽成年三黄肉鸡随机分成两组,采用单一两期交叉试验设计分别舒巴坦钠静注、舒巴坦匹酯口灌给药,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。静脉注射舒巴坦钠(舒巴坦3.75 mg/kg.B.W)后,主要药物动力学参数：t1/2α为0.090 ± 0.001 h,t1/2β为0.919 ± 0.011 h,AUC为6.137 ± 0.376 μg.h/mL,CLb为0.611 ± 0.051 L/h/kg。舒巴坦匹酯口灌给药后(舒巴坦3.75 mg/kg.B.W),舒巴坦匹酯主要药动学参数：t1/2ka为0.087 ± 0.007h,t1/2β为2.044 ± 0.165h,AUC为4.109 ± 0.364μg.h/mL,Tmax为0.412 ± 0.039h,Cmax为1.212 ± 0.092μg/mL。鸡口灌舒巴坦匹酯后,吸收迅速,分布较快,消除也较快,舒巴坦匹酯的F为66.96% ± 5.95%。  相似文献   

8.
为测定复方氧氟沙星注射液中主药氧氟沙星在猪体内的药代动力学,同时考察复方氧氟沙星注射液中另一成分鱼腥草素钠对主药氧氟沙星的药代动力学的影响。本研究在分别给2组受试猪肌内注射复方氧氟沙星注射液和氧氟沙星注射液后,用HPLC分析血浆中的药物浓度,用MCPKP软件计算药代动力学参数。结果表明,2组猪在肌内注射复方氧氟沙星注射液和氧氟沙星注射液后的血药浓度和药代动力学参数无显著性差异,达到最大血药浓度和维持的时间接近,达峰时间约0.75 h,Cmax分别为（4.863±0.305）mg·L^-1和（5.128±0.306）mg·L^-1,t1/2β分别为（17.974±14.644）h和（23.789±29.902）h,AUC分别为（33.639±2.171）mg·L·h^-1和（36.867±4.253）mg·L·h^-1,Vd分别为1.3641、.316 L·kg^-1。说明复方氧氟沙星注射液中另一成分鱼腥草素钠对复方氧氟沙星注射液中氧氟沙星的药代动力学无明显影响。  相似文献   

9.
以岭南黄鸡为实验动物,利用RT-HPLC法为定量手段,研究中药复方连翘制剂以20g／kg（其中黄芩苷和绿原酸含量分别为158和53mg／kg）单剂量经胃灌服给药后在鸡体内的药物代谢动力学特征,用3p97药动学软件的非房室模型统计矩原理分析药物动力学参数,有效药物成分绿原酸、黄芩苷在鸡体内的主要药动学参数如下：AUC分别为（10．59±0．69）和（11．15±0．78）（mg／L）·h,AUMC分别是（106．06±3．11）和（138．44±2．86）（mg／L）·h^2,MRT分别是（10．01±0．68）和（12．42±0．43）h,t1／2分别为（6．93±0．18）和（8．61±0．36）h,Cmax分别为（0．98±0．25）和（1．04±0．25）mg／L,tmax分别为（1．93±0．15）和（2．45±0．19）h。结果表明2种有效成分在鸡体内血药浓度的变化表征了中药复方连翘在鸡体内代谢的变化规律,血药浓度一时问关系曲线均出现双峰现象,表示可能存在肝肠循环或胃肠循环,本研究为该复方制剂的临床应用提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

10.
研究阿莫西林可溶性粉在猪体内的药代动力学特征，并评价其与市售注射用阿莫西林钠的生物等效性。采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定血浆中阿莫西林浓度，通过Data Analysis System（DAS 3.0）计算药动学参数，采用非房室模型分析方法对药代动力学参数进行评价，猪经内服给药后，药物平均滞留时间MRT(0-t)为3.12±0.41h，平均达峰时间Tmax为1.63±0.35h，平均达峰浓度Cmax为4101.35±631.55μg/L，平均药-时曲线下面积AUC(0-t)为13540.33±3445.51μg/L×h，消除速率常数λz为0.36±0.14/h，半衰期t1/2z为2.48±1.73h。 猪经静脉注射给药后，平均滞留时间MRT(0-t)为1.54±0.35h，平均药-时曲线下面积AUC(0-t)为8522.56±1430.51μg/L×h，消除速率常数λz为0.23±0.12/h，半衰期t1/2z为3.84±2.03h。 结果表明：受试制剂阿莫西林可溶性粉经内服给药后，具有较快的吸收速度，吸收进血液后在体内的停留时间较短，代谢较快，平均达峰时间短，药物消除速度较快，平均绝对生物利用度为79.44%，为临床制定合理用药方案提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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