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1.
氨基酸营养对母猪繁殖性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍母猪对氨基酸的营养需要，主要阐述赖氨酸、苏氨酸、精氨酸以及几种支链氨基酸在母猪营养中的作用，特别是对母猪繁殖性能的影响。为了解母猪氨基酸营养和繁殖性能的关系提供参考。 相似文献
2.
妊娠母猪精氨酸营养研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
精氨酸对妊娠母猪的营养作用正被人们重新认识并不断深化,依赖内源合成以及传统日粮供给不足以支持母猪妊娠阶段最佳营养需要,额外添加精氨酸对提高孕期母猪繁殖性能具有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
怀孕母猪的精氨酸营养和繁殖性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
母猪在怀孕期间胚胎和胎儿的损失高达50％.有限的子宫容量和胎盘功能不全是母猪繁殖性能不理想的主要因素.通过在日粮中补充精氨酸来增强子宫和胎盘的生长和功能是提高胚胎和胎儿存活和生长的一种有效的解决方案.我们发现,在怀孕早期阶段猪尿囊液中含有丰富的精氨酸,因此有了关于精氨酸在胚胎发育时起着重要作用这一新的假设.精氨酸被代谢为鸟氨酸、脯氨酸和一氧化氮,每一种代谢产物都具有重要的生理功能.一氧化氮是一种血管扩张和血管生成因子,而鸟氨酸和脯氨酸是胎盘合成多胺的底物,而多胺是基因表达、蛋白质合成和血管生成的关键调节因子.另外,精氨酸激活雷帕霉素靶蛋白(MTOR)细胞信号途径,刺激胚胎、子宫和胎儿的蛋白质合成.因此,在每头日采食为2 kg的怀孕母猪14～28 d或者30～114 d的日粮中补充0.83％的L-精氨酸可以增加母猪产活仔数及其初生体重.但是,在怀孕0～14 d母猪日粮中补充0.83％精氨酸会降低窝产仔数.同样地,在初产母猪和经产母猪怀孕18～34 d或者75～115 d的日粮中补充1.2％精氨酸对窝产仔数没有影响并且降低了仔猪的初生体重.这些不利影响的报道并不能说明精氨酸对胚胎和胎儿存活及其生长缺乏有益的作用.相反,这些结果强调了基于繁殖生物学和氨基酸生物化学基础知识来配制平衡日粮营养并改善母猪繁殖效率的重要性. 相似文献
4.
氨基酸作为构成蛋白质的主要原料和基本单位在动物体内发挥作用,是生物体内不可缺少的营养成分。L-精氨酸是条件必需氨基酸,也是功能性氨基酸,在妊娠母猪生理、免疫、繁殖等方面均有重要影响。通过综述精氨酸的生物学作用、合成与代谢,改善宫内发育迟缓,以及对母猪繁殖性能和胎儿生长发育等方面的影响,为其在饲料中的合理应用提供参考。 相似文献
5.
繁殖性能是母猪的重要经济性状,是影响养殖效益的关键性状。日粮营养对母猪繁殖性能具有较大的影响调控作用,日粮中的蛋白质和氨基酸、能量、粗纤维、维生素和微量元素以及饲料添加剂等日粮营养因子对母猪的繁殖性能均具有调控作用。本文就近几年关于改善母猪繁殖性能的日粮营养调控措施的研究加以综述,为改善母猪的繁殖性能以及相关研究提供理论依据和思路。 相似文献
6.
精氨酸及其替代物改善母猪繁殖性能的营养调控机制与应用技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文章综述了改善母猪繁殖性能的特殊营养调控剂精氨酸及其替代物——N-氨甲酰谷氨酸的营养调控功能及其机制,特别阐明了NCG替代Arg在生产中的应用优势,对改善繁殖母猪生产性能具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
精氨酸为条件性必需氨基酸,在应激状态下和特殊生长阶段,它是必需氨基酸,体内合成的精氨酸不能满足生理代谢需要,但长期或者过量补充精氨酸对机体会造成损害。近年来,精氨酸在妊娠母猪日粮中的应用有诸多报道成为养猪生产的一个热点。本文评述了动物机体精氨酸的来源与代谢以及日粮精氨酸对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响,以期对养猪生产有所指导。 相似文献
8.
上期回顾:上期主要介绍了母猪乳汁中精氨酸族氨基酸的含量及其在哺乳母猪乳腺组织中的代谢,和谷酰胺和胱氨酸在仔猪营养中的作用. 4 精氨酸在新生仔猪营养中的作用 4.1 精氨酸合成对维持其在哺乳仔猪体内的自动动态平衡所起的关键作用 相似文献
9.
精氨酸对泌乳母猪的营养作用正被人们重新认识并不断深化,额外添加精氨酸对提高泌乳期母猪生产性能具有重要意义,本文旨在对当前泌乳母猪精氨酸营养研究进展作一回顾。 相似文献
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11.
精氨酸又称蛋白氨基酸,传统上,精氨酸不被认为是母仔猪的必需氨基酸,但是现代品种的猪生长更快,瘦肉率更高,孕育的胎儿更多,因此,对精氨酸有更高的生理需求量。大量研究表明,日粮中添加0.5%至1%精氨酸可以改善母仔猪的生产性能和繁殖性能。文章综合论述了母仔猪精氨酸的生理代谢和营养作用。 相似文献
12.
J. Y. P. Palencia M. A. G. Lemes C. A. P. Garbossa M. L. T. Abreu L. J. Pereira M. G. Zangeronimo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):204-213
The use of functional amino acids during pregnancy has been linked to improved reproduction in mammals. In this context, arginine is a precursor in the synthesis of numerous molecules, such as nitric oxide and polyamines, which play an important role during reproduction. However, contradictory studies are found in the literature, particularly regarding the amount of supplementation and the period of pregnancy in which it is used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary arginine supplementation for pregnant sows on foetal development via a systematic review. The search for papers was performed during the month of December 2015, in the databases ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and SciELO. From a total of 5675 returned studies, only 13 papers were selected after applying selection criteria. Most (47%) of the studies that evaluated the effects of dietary arginine supplementation on foetal development in pigs used 1% arginine. Supplementation was initiated in the first third of pregnancy in 47% of tests, including in both primiparous and multiparous sows. These studies showed positive results for embryo survival and foetal development, evidenced by the increase in placental weight and the number and weight of piglets born alive. Of all evaluated studies, 53% showed benefits on foetal development. It is concluded that supplementing dietary arginine in gestating sows can benefit embryo survival and foetal development. However, to establish a supplementation plan with this amino acid, aspects related to the period of pregnancy, supplementation levels, and source of arginine must be well defined. 相似文献
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An experiment was conducted to compare apparent total tract protein digestibilities and apparent ileal digestibilities of protein and amino acids in growing pigs and adult pregnant and lactating sows. Twelve growing pigs and 12 sows were used and surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum. Six experimental diets based on corn, barley, wheat, soybean meal, canola meal, or meat and bone meal were formulated, and each diet was fed to growing pigs, gestating sows, and lactating sows for 7 d. Chromium oxide was included in all diets as an indigestible marker (.25%) for calculating nutrient digestibilities. Fecal material was collected on d 5 of each feeding period by grab sampling, and ileal samples were collected for 12 h/d during the last 2 d of each feeding period. Apparent fecal protein digestibilities for all feed ingredients were higher (P < .05) in gestating and lactating sows compared to growing pigs, but no differences between the two groups of sows were observed (P > .05). At the distal ileum, no differences (P > .05) in protein digestibilities were detected between sows and growing pigs regardless of feed ingredient. For all feed ingredients tested, lactating sows had apparent ileal digestibilities of most amino acids that were two to six percentage units higher than those obtained in growing pigs, but not all of the differences were significant. Gestating sows had digestibilities of most amino acids that were intermediate between those of growing pigs and lactating sows. The combined results from the six feed ingredients showed that lactating sows had higher (P < .05) digestibilities of all indispensable amino acids except arginine, and gestating sows had higher (P < .05) digestibilities of five of the indispensable amino acids than did growing pigs. The results of this experiment indicate that apparent fecal protein and apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities obtained in growing pigs are not always representative of digestibilities in either gestating or lactating sows. 相似文献
15.
低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响。选择24头胎次、体重和预产期相近的健康大白猪母猪,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加50和100 g/t的低聚壳聚糖。试验从母猪妊娠第85天时开始,至分娩后第21天时结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖可显著增加母猪的健仔数和哺乳期平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低母猪的产程(P0.05),且在一定程度上可改善母猪的便秘和降低母猪的背膘厚损失;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组仔猪的初生窝重显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组母猪的哺乳期泌乳量显著增加(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪初乳中乳脂肪含量显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组初乳中尿素氮(UN)含量和常乳中精氨酸、总氨基酸、限制性氨基酸含量显著增加(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪的血浆谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),各组的血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、UN、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪的繁殖性能和泌乳性能均有一定的促进作用。综合本研究结果,50 g/t低聚壳聚糖为母猪饲粮中的最佳添加剂量。 相似文献
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功能性氯基酸——精氦酸（Arg）具有重要的生理、代谢和营养作用,几乎机体中所有组织均利用Arg合成胞浆蛋白和核蛋白,精氨酸在促进肌肉蛋白质合成、增强机体的免疫力、细胞分裂、伤口复尿和激素分泌等各种生理过程中,也都有着重要的角色。Arg为条件性必需氨基酸,在应激状态下和特殊生长阶段,为必需氨基酸,仔猪体内合成的精氨酸不能满足生理代谢需要。但是精氨酸的吸收与赖氨酸等桔抗,因此,对精氨酸及其内源性合成调控研究具有极大的应用价值和实践意义。精氨酸生素（Arginineactivatoradditive,AAA）是N-乙酰谷氨酸（N-acetylglutamate,NAG）的类似物,作为一种新型的功能性氨基酸,可以有效调控内源性精氨酸合成,进而促进动物生长性能。本文就精氨酸和精氨酸生素特别是其对机体内源性精氨酸合成调控及其在仔猪和母猪中的研究进展与应用作一综述。 相似文献
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母猪繁殖性能是决定猪场生产水平和经济效益的关键因素,而我国母猪年生产力与欧美发达国家还存在明显差距。尽管抗生素作为饲料添加剂在一定程度上改善了母猪繁殖性能,但抗生素在饲料中的过度使用会导致耐药菌的产生以及肉制品残留等问题,危害人类的身体健康和生态环境。植物提取物是用物理或者化学方法,从植物中提取的含有多种天然生物活性物质的植物源添加剂产品。近年来,植物提取物作为抗生素替代物在母猪生产中的应用得到了广泛关注。本文结合国内外研究进展,对植物提取物的特性及其对母猪生产性能的影响进行综述,旨在为植物提取物在母猪生产中的应用进行更深入的研究提供参考。 相似文献
18.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,(1)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium(Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets.Fifty-six gilts(Trial 1) and 56 sows(Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4treatments according to their mating weight,respectively.The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets(0.21%magnesium) supplemented with 0,0.015,0.03,or 0.045%Mg from mating until weaning.The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly(P 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows.There were significant effects(P 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born,born alive and weaned in sows.In late gestation and lactation,the digestibility of crude fiber(quadratic effects,P 0.05),and crude protein(P 0.05),were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows,respectively.There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows(P 0.05) during both early and late gestation.The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation(P 0.05),and lactation(quadratic effects,P 0.05).At farrowing and weaning,serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased(P 0.05).Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation(P 0.05).The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium(P 0.05).In addition,growth hormone levels were linearly elevated(P 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows.Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows,and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015%to 0.03%. 相似文献
19.
J S Walton 《Journal of animal science》1986,62(1):9-15
Two hundred sixty-two sows were used to investigate the effects of boar exposure during the last week of nursing (BPRE) and after weaning (BPOST) on the return to estrus. Because approximately one-half of the sows were weaning their first litter, a third factor, primiparous vs multiparous (LITT), was considered in the statistical analysis. To evaluate the effect of treatment on ovarian activity, the sows were also blood-sampled twice weekly for 3 wk after weaning for the measurement of plasma progesterone concentrations as an index of ovulation. Boar exposure after weaning was the most important stimulus of early ovulation and estrus after weaning (P less than .001). A greater proportion of first-litter sows exhibited estrus later (P less than .02) and ovulated later (P less than .09) than did multiparous sows. First-litter sows were unaffected (P greater than .10) by boar exposure before weaning. Multiparous sows were sensitive to boar exposure during nursing. Maximal boar exposure for these sows (BPRE + BPOST) resulted in 95% of sows in estrus and ovulating within 20 d of weaning. No boar exposure resulted in 45% and 38% anestrus and anovulatory sows. Boar exposure, either before or after weaning, was effective in reducing the number of anestrus and anovulatory sows to between 15 to 30%. The effects of BPRE and BPOST on return to ovulation were additive and approximately equal. 相似文献
20.
Shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in mammary gland secretions of sows.
E A Wagstrom C C Chang K J Yoon J J Zimmerman 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(12):1876-1880
OBJECTIVE: To document shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in mammary gland secretions of experimentally inoculated sows, to evaluate effects of vaccination during gestation on virus shedding during the subsequent lactation, and to evaluate shedding of PRRS virus in milk of sows in commercial herds. ANIMALS: 6 sows seronegative for PRRS virus were used for experiment 1, and 2 sows were retained for experiment 2. For experiment 3, 202 sows in commercial herds were used. PROCEDURE: In experiment 1, 2 sows were inoculated with PRRS virus, 2 sows were vaccinated with modified-live PRRS virus vaccine, and 2 sows served as control pigs. Mammary gland secretions were assayed for PRRS virus. In experiment 2, pregnant vaccinated sows from experiment 1 were vaccinated with another modified-live PRRS virus vaccine. Mammary gland secretions were assayed in the same manner as for experiment 1. For experiment 3, milk collected from 202 sows in commercial herds was assayed for PRRS virus. RESULTS: In experiment 1, PRRS virus was detected in mammary gland secretions of both vaccinated and 1 of 2 virus-inoculated sows. In experiment 2, virus was not detected in samples from either vaccinated sow. In experiment 3, all samples yielded negative results. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Na?ve sows inoculated late in gestation shed PRRS virus in mammary secretions. Previous vaccination appeared to prevent shedding during the subsequent lactation. Results for samples obtained from sows in commercial herds suggested that virus shedding in mammary gland secretions of such sows is uncommon. 相似文献