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甲烷作为反刍动物瘤胃正常消化的产物,其排放不仅对空气环境造成了污染,并且造成了能量的损失.本文综述了影响反刍动物瘤胃甲烷气产生量的因素,并对控制瘤胃内甲烷气的产生量的措施进行了分析和展望. 相似文献
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影响瘤胃内甲烷气产量的因素及其控制措施 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
甲烷作为反刍动物瘤胃正常消化的产物，其排放不仅对空气环境造成了污染，并且造成了能量的损失。本文综述了影响反刍动物瘤胃甲烷气产生量的因素，并对控制瘤胃内甲烷气的产生量的措施进行了分析和展望。 相似文献
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甲烷是反刍动物瘤胃正常发酵的产物,但其排放不仅对空气环境造成污染、增加温室效应,而且还造成2%～15%的饲料能量损失。因此,减少反刍动物瘤胃内甲烷的生成量,对提高饲料能量利用率和改善环境都具有重要的意义。相对添加化学合成的甲烷抑制剂和抗生素来讲,添加植物代谢产物和植物油等是一种更为安全、健康的营养调控方式。 相似文献
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甲烷是反刍动物瘤胃正常发酵的产物,但其排放不仅对空气环境造成污染、增加温室效应,而且还造成2%～15%的饲料能量损失。因此,减少反刍动物瘤胃内甲烷的生成量,对提高饲料能量利用率和改善环境都具有重要的意义。相对添加化学合成的甲烷抑制剂和抗生素来讲,添加植物代谢产物和植物油等是一种更为安全、健康的营养调控方式。 相似文献
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反刍动物瘤胃甲烷气体的排放是一种能量损失,也加剧了全球温室效应。因此,减少瘤胃内甲烷的产生对提高饲料能量利用率和改善环境具有重要的意义。文章从甲烷产生的机制、测定方法、以及控制瘤胃内产生甲烷的措施进行了综述。 相似文献
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反刍动物甲烷排放的测量及其调控研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甲烷的排放是造成温室效应的主要原因之一。瘤胃微生物在饲料正常发酵过程中产生大量甲烷,不仅造成了对饲料能量的浪费,还作为一种温室气体在温室效应中起着不可忽视的作用。因此,减少瘤胃内甲烷的产生对提高饲料能量利用率和改善环境具有重要意义。目前已研究的甲烷减排技术较多,但是只有少数是实用和经济有效的。为了更准确地评估甲烷减排技术,文章对近年来反刍动物甲烷排放的测量方法及降低甲烷排放的调控措施进行了综述,旨在为反刍动物甲烷减排技术的开发提供参考。 相似文献
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反刍动物排放甲烷既会造成环境污染,又会造成饲料能量浪费,因此探究反刍动物甲烷减排措施至关重要。瘤胃存在复杂的微生物发酵系统,反刍动物的甲烷生成与瘤胃微生物区系关系密切。本文对瘤胃甲烷生成的机理和调控途径进行了综述,并着重阐述了主要耗氢化合物及耗氢微生物的研究进展,为通过添加耗氢化合物调节瘤胃微生物,实现反刍动物甲烷减排与改善瘤胃发酵提供技术依据。 相似文献
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J A Mills J Dijkstra A Bannink S B Cammell E Kebreab J France 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1584-1597
Dietary intervention to reduce methane emissions from lactating dairy cattle is both environmentally and nutritionally desirable due to the importance of methane as a causative agent in global warming and as a significant loss of feed energy. Reliable prediction systems for methane production over a range of dietary inputs could be used to develop novel dietary regimes for the limitation of feed energy loss to methane. This investigation builds on previous attempts at modeling methanogenesis and involves the development of a dynamic mechanistic model of wholerumen function. The model incorporates modifications to certain ruminal fermentation parameters and the addition of a postruminal digestive element. Regression analysis showed good agreement between observed and predicted results for experimental data taken from the literature (r2 = 0.76, root mean square prediction error = 15.4%). Evaluation of model predictions for experimental observations from five calorimetry studies (67 observations) with lactating dairy cows at the Centre for Dairy Research, in Reading, U.K., shows an underprediction (2.1 MJ/d) of methane production (r2 = 0.46, root mean square prediction error = 12.4%). Application of the model to develop diets for minimizing methanogenesis indicated a need to limit the ratio of lipogenic to glucogenic VFA in the rumen and hindgut. This may be achieved by replacing soluble sugars in the concentrate with starch or substituting corn silage for grass silage. On a herd basis, the model predicted that increasing dietary energy intake per cow can minimize the annual loss of feed energy through methane production. The mechanistic model is a valuable tool for predicting methane emissions from dairy cows. 相似文献
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在反刍动物瘤胃中产甲烷菌生成甲烷既造成能量的浪费又产生大量温室气体,因此减少瘤胃甲烷生成与排放是提升生产效率与维持可持续发展的要求。瘤胃内的产甲烷菌通过共生、黏附和伴生模式,分别从原虫、细菌和真菌中摄取氢,保证氢营养型甲烷生成途径的顺利进行。抑杀原虫和产氢细菌、竞争性结合氢和阻断氢生成甲烷是基于氢调控抑制甲烷生成的途径。由于瘤胃微生物的冗余和互作,降甲烷的同时,瘤胃中饲料消化可能受到抑制,且单一的氢调控往往会诱发瘤胃的适应,瘤胃的降甲烷效果仅能短时间维持。为此,需从瘤胃微生物整体出发,通过多种氢调控机制的添加剂联用及间歇饲喂、幼龄反刍动物瘤胃早期调控、甲烷生成途径关键酶调控等的综合应用,实现更优的甲烷减排。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(11)
为研究不同中性洗涤纤维/非纤维性碳水化合物(NDF/NFC)饲粮对泌乳后期奶牛甲烷排放量、营养物质消化率和生产性能的影响,试验选用体重(777.46±27.31)kg、胎次(1.5±0.15)胎、泌乳天数(242.92±15.28)d、产奶量(18.75±0.62)kg/d的奶牛12头,随机分配到3组,每组4头。各组饲粮NDF/NFC分别为2.10(精粗比为42:58)、1.96(精粗比为37:63)、1.52(精粗比为30:70),采用六氟化硫(SF_6)示踪技术测定自然状态下泌乳奶牛甲烷排放量。预试期14 d,正试期9 d。结果表明:饲喂不同NDF/NFC饲粮的泌乳后期奶牛甲烷排放量、甲烷能、单位干物质采食量的甲烷排放量以及单位总能摄入量的甲烷能均有显著差异;随着NDF/NFC降低,奶牛生产性能、饲料转化率和营养物质消化率无显著差异。综上,在不影响奶牛健康和生产性能的前提下,NDF/NFC为1.52的低NDF组饲料能显著降低泌乳后期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放量。 相似文献
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Nkrumah JD Okine EK Mathison GW Schmid K Li C Basarab JA Price MA Wang Z Moore SS 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(1):145-153
Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between the actual and expected feed intake of an animal based on its BW and growth rate over a specified period. The biological mechanisms underlying the variation in feed efficiency in animals with similar BW and growth rate are not well understood. This study determined the relationship of feedlot feed efficiency, performance, and feeding behavior with digestion and energy partitioning of 27 steers. The steers were selected from a total of 306 animals based on their RFI following feedlot tests at the University of Alberta Kinsella Research Station. Selected steers were ranked into high RFI (RFI > 0.5 SD above the mean, n = 11), medium RFI (RFI +/- 0.5 SD above and below the mean, n = 8), and low RFI (RFI < -0.5 SD below the mean, n = 8). The respective BW +/- SD for the RFI groups were 495.6 +/- 12.7, 529.1 +/- 18.6, and 501.2 +/- 15.5 kg. Digestibility and calorimetry trials were performed on a corn-or barley-based concentrate diet in yr 1 and 2, respectively, at 2.5 x maintenance requirements. Mean DMI (g/kg of BW(0.75)) during the measurements for high-, medium-, and low-RFI groups, respectively, were 82.7 +/- 2.0, 78.8 +/- 2.6, and 81.8 +/- 2.5 and did not differ (P > 0.10). Residual feed intake was correlated with daily methane production and energy lost as methane (r = 0.44; P < 0.05). Methane production was 28 and 24% less in low-RFI animals compared with high- and medium-RFI animals, respectively. Residual feed intake tended to be associated (P < 0.10) with apparent digestibilities of DM (r = -0.33) and CP (r = -0.34). The RFI of steers was correlated with DE (r = -0.41; P < 0.05), ME (r = -0.44; P < 0.05), heat production (HP; r = 0.68; P < 0.001), and retained energy (RE; r = -0.67; P < 0.001; energy values are expressed in kcal/kg of BW(0.75)). Feedlot partial efficiency of growth was correlated (P < 0.01) with methane production (r = -0.55), DE (r = 0.46), ME (r = 0.49), HP (r = -0.50), and RE (r = 0.62). With the exception of HP (r = 0.37; P < 0.05), feed conversion ratio was unrelated to the traits considered in the study. Feeding duration was correlated (P < 0.01) with apparent digestibility of DM (r = -0.55), CP (r = -0.47), methane production (r = 0.51), DE (r = -0.52), ME (r = -0.55), and RE (r = -0.60). These results have practical implications for the selection of animals that eat less at a similar BW and growth rate and for the environmental sustainability of beef production. 相似文献
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文章旨在了解饲料与营养对肉牛生产性能、消化性能、瘤胃发酵以及甲烷(CH4)排放的影响。文章综述了2019年国外的相关文献报道,主要从精饲料、粗饲料及饲养营养综合评价3个方面进行综述。精饲料集中于各种蛋白质饲料和能量饲料的研究。粗饲料研究侧重于粗饲料品种和加工方式对不同生理阶段肉牛生产性能、消化性能和CH4产生的影响。饲料营养综合评价主要侧重于犊牛期研究,并对育肥期和放牧期肉牛的饲料营养进行评价,以根据肉牛的生理阶段特点,选择适宜的饲料原料,并合理搭配和调制日粮以改善瘤胃菌群结构,充分提高养分利用率。 相似文献
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Sixty-four Angus steers initially averaging 354 kg were allotted to a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of dietary Ni (0 or 5 mg/kg supplemental), monensin (0 or 33 mg/kg) and their possible interaction on performance, methane production and N metabolism. The basal diet was a high energy, corn-cottonseed hull based diet containing 10.2% crude protein and .30 mg/kg Ni on a dry matter basis. Monensin reduced (P less than .05) feed intake, did not affect average daily gain and improved (P less than .05) feed conversion over the 102-d study. Nickel supplementation did not significantly alter or interact with monensin to affect steer performance. However, steers fed Ni tended to have higher average daily gains and improved feed conversions. Monensin decreased (P less than .05) in vitro methane production, altered several carcass traits, increased (P less than .05) molar proportion of ruminal propionate and decreased (P less than .05) molar proportion of ruminal acetate. Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. Both monensin and Ni increased (P less than .05) ruminal fluid urease activity when samples were obtained before feeding. A significant monensin X Ni interaction was found to affect ruminal epithelial urease activity. Monensin increased ruminal epithelial urease in steers not receiving supplemental Ni, but had no effect on ruminal epithelial urease activity in steers fed supplemental Ni. Ruminal fluid protein and ammonia-N were decreased (P less than .05) by monensin. Results of this study indicate that Ni may interact with monensin to affect ruminal epithelial urease activity but not performance or methane production in finishing steers. 相似文献
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Ellen Kienzle Annette Zeyner 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(6):e231-e240
The development of a metabolizable energy (ME) system for horses is described. Predictive equations for gross energy and digestible energy (DE) are revisited. The relationship between feed protein content and renal energy losses and the relationship between feed fibre content and methane energy losses were analysed in a literature review to develop predictive equations for ME. In horses, renal energy losses are much higher than losses by methane energy. Renal energy losses were correlated more strictly to protein intake than to digestible protein intake. The reason probably is that per gram of digestible crude protein energy losses are higher for roughage than for concentrates presumably because phenolic acids of forage cell walls contribute to higher urinary energy losses. However, digestibility of protein is lower in forages than in concentrates. The net result is a rather constant urinary energy loss of 0.008 MJ/g of crude protein in the feed. Methane losses in horses are smaller than in ruminants, presumably because of reductive acidogenesis in hind gut fermentation. Methane energy losses in equines are closely related to crude fibre intake. The mean methane energy losses amount to 0.002 MJ ME/g of crude fibre which can be used to correct for methane losses. Both corrections can be made for any predictive equation for DE. Metabolizable energy is then calculated as follows: ME MJ/kg = DE MJ/kg – 0.008 MJ/g crude protein – 0.002 MJ/g crude fibre. The equation of Zeyner and Kienzle (2002) to predict DE was adapted as mentioned above to predict ME: ME (MJ/kg dry matter) = ?3.54 + 0.0129 crude protein+0.0420 crude fat?0.0019 crude fibre+0.0185 N‐free extract (crude nutrients in g/kg dry matter). 相似文献