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1.
对上海地区1个规模化养猪场和1个规模化养鸡场分离鉴定的40株粪肠球菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法对12种抗菌药物进行药敏试验,采用Riboprinter®微生物基因指纹鉴定系统检测分离菌株的基因指纹图谱,分别检测分离菌株中的核糖体型和耐药性。结果表明,在40株粪肠球菌中,80%以上为多重耐药菌株,有4株猪源粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药,其中有2株表现为对万古霉素高度耐药（MIC>64 mg/L）,且对链霉素和庆大霉素同时表现为高度耐药（MIC>2 048 mg/L）。从耐药表型和核糖体分型共同分析粪肠球菌的耐药性,发现多重耐药性严重,同一核糖体型菌株的耐药表型并非完全一致。 相似文献
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为了解北京市宠物源细菌的抗菌药物耐药情况,2022年,笔者对北京市四个城区的四家宠物医院的犬、猫共计50份样本的肛拭子进行了研究。试验对样品中的大肠杆菌和肠球菌首先进行了分离培养和质谱鉴定,然后采用微量肉汤稀释法分析分离菌株的耐药表型。结果共分离出大肠杆菌25株、肠球菌25株（屎肠球菌14株、粪肠球菌11株）。大肠杆菌耐药率最高的2种抗菌药为四环素和氨苄西林,多重耐药菌占44%;肠球菌耐药情况较严重,粪肠球菌耐药率最高的抗菌药物为磺胺异噁唑,屎肠球菌耐药率最高的抗菌药物为磺胺异噁唑、头孢西丁和红霉素,二者多重耐药菌占分离株总数的100%。综上,北京地区宠物源大肠杆菌、肠球菌的耐药情况较为严峻,且多重耐药现象突出,需要加强对宠物抗菌药使用的监督与管理。 相似文献
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17 feces samples of yak which were collected in Hongyuan county were measured with Gram staining method and 16S rRNA molecular identification in this study.8 suspected Enterococcus were separate from feces samples by bacteria purification and PCR amplification with 1 500 bp specific band. 6Enterococcus faecalis and 2Enterococcus faecium were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing.The homology analysis of the strains revealed that the homology between Enterococcus faecalis and reference strains sequence were 99.7% to 100%,that of Enterococcus faecium and reference sequence were 98.2% to 99.2%,indicating that the yak Enterococcus was highly conserved in the process of genetic evolution.The drug sensitive test results showed that the isolated strains were highly resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.Enterococcus faecium 11-1-2 strain was not only 5 multi-resistant,but also showed resistence to vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis strains was most 3 multi-resistant.The antibiotics resistance results revealed that the resistance of yak Enterococcus was serious and should be taken seriously. 相似文献
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试验结合革兰氏染色及16S rRNA分子鉴定,对分离自红原县的17份牦牛粪便样中的肠球菌进行鉴定。结果显示,通过细菌分离纯化及PCR扩增,从牦牛粪便样品中分离出8株疑似肠球菌,分离菌的扩增产物经凝胶电泳后均产生1 500 bp特异性条带。16S rRNA测序结果显示,8株疑似肠球菌中,6株为粪肠球菌,2株为屎肠球菌。同源性比对分析显示,粪肠球菌与参考序列同源性为99.7%~100.0%,屎肠球菌与参考序列同源性为98.2%~99.2%,说明牦牛源肠球菌在遗传进化过程中高度保守。运用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,结果显示,分离株对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐受性较高,2株屎肠球菌中,11-1-2菌株表现为5重耐药,且该菌株耐万古霉素,粪肠球菌主要表现为3重耐药,药敏结果提示牦牛源肠球菌耐药较严重,应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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为了解上海地区动物源粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药及其最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)变迁情况,采用微量肉汤稀释法对近五年采集的粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌进行10种常见抗菌药物敏感性测试。结果表明,458株粪肠球菌及283株屎肠球菌对头孢西丁、头孢噻呋及氧氟沙星耐药率较高(均高于60%),对青霉素、阿莫西林/克拉维酸及万古霉素的耐药率较低(均低于11%),粪肠球菌耐药率整体高于屎肠球菌,两者对氧氟沙星、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素、利奈唑胺、恩诺沙星的耐药率存在较大差异（耐药率差异为15%~44%）。五年间,粪肠球菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氧氟沙星的MIC50及MIC90均呈下降趋势;屎肠球菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢西丁及氟苯尼考的MIC50及MIC90均呈下降趋势。研究表明,近年来上海地区动物源粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌的耐药情况有好转趋势,仍需继续加强肠球菌耐药性监测。 相似文献
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Antibiotic resistance in animal isolates of enterococci is of public health concern because of the risk of transfer of antibiotic resistance isolates or resistance determinants to consumers via the food chain. In this study, phenotypic and genotypic resistance in 192 pig isolates of enterococci to ampicillin, avilamycin, avoparcin, bacitracin, flavophospholipol, gentamicin, narasin, tetracycline, tiamulin, tylosin, vancomycin, virginiamycin, copper and zinc were investigated by susceptibility test and molecular methods. Resistance rates varied between the species but all isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, avilamycin, avoparcin, gentamicin and narasin but resistant to tetracycline and tylosin and intermediately resistant to copper. Only Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus were resistant to vancomycin and virginiamycin resistance was present in less than half the Enterococcus faecium isolates. Zinc resistance was largely confined to Enterococcus faecalis but bacitracin resistance was uncommon in E. faecalis in comparison with the other species. Tiamulin resistance was common in all species except E. casseliflavus. Resistance to flavophospholipol was detected in most E. faecium isolates and in a high proportion of E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae/durans but was only found in one isolate of E. faecalis. No tetO, rplC, rplD, vanA, vanB, vatA and vatD genes were found. The presence of ermB, tetL, tetM, tcrB, aac6-aph2, tetK, tetS, vanC1, vanC2, lsaA, lsaB and vatE varied between the species and largely corresponded to the susceptibility phenotype. The findings show that resistance to antibiotics of high clinical significance for nosocomial Enterococcus infections is absent, whereas antimicrobial resistance was detected for some other antibiotics including bacitracin, flavophospholipol, tetracycline, tiamulin, tylosin and virginiamycin. 相似文献
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为调查山东省禽源致病性大肠杆菌流行的血清型及耐药性,从山东部分地区的45家养禽场分离到致病性大肠杆菌96株,应用微量平板凝集试验进行了血清型鉴定,共鉴定出18种血清型,其中优势血清型6种,分别为O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O88,占定型致病性菌株的64％。抗菌药物敏感性试验发现,96株大肠杆菌对20种药物有不同程度的耐药性。75％以上的菌株对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、土霉素等5种抗菌药耐药,50％以上的菌株对卡那霉素、多西环素、环丙沙星等7种抗菌药表现为耐药;所有分离株存在多重耐药现象,75％的受检菌对9种或9种以上的被测药物耐药。结果表明,O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O886种血清型是山东省部分地区近年来禽源致病性大肠杆菌的优势血清型,且禽源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药现象严重,有必要加强耐药性检测,以指导兽医临床合理使用抗菌药物。 相似文献
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Schlegelová J Babák V Klímová E Lukásová J Navrátilová P Sustácková A Sedivá I Rysánek D 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(5):216-225
The prevalence of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative (CN) staphylococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Bacillus cereus, was investigated in 111 bulk milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 38 samples, CN staphylococci from 63 samples, E. coli from 49 samples, E. faecalis or E. faecium from 107 samples, and L. monocytogenes from two samples. Bacillus cereus was not found in any of the samples and three samples were free of any of the selected species. Sensitivity to the anti-microbial drugs amikacin, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin (CLT), cephotaxime, clindamycin, chloramphenicol (CMP), co-trimoxazole, erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TTC) and vancomycin was tested using the standard dilution technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) characteristics (MIC50, MIC90, MIC range) were determined for each microbial species. Resistance against one or more anti-microbial drugs was found in 93% of S. aureus, 40% of CN staphylococci, 73% of E. coli, 88% of E.faecalis, 55% of E.faecium, and one L. monocytogenes strain. Most of the strains, particularly enterococci, were resistant to STR, TTC, and ERY (MIC50 4 microg/ml). A high percentage of staphylococci were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. High resistance to CLT was found in 11 strains of E. coli (MIC 256 microg/ml) and strains resistant to CMP (MIC90 16 microg/ml) were detected. The highest numbers of resistance phenotypes were found in E. coil (16) and CN staphylococci (12). Eighteen identical resistance phenotypes were demonstrated in indicator bacteria (E. coli, E. faecalis, E. faecium) and pathogens (S. aureus, CN staphylococci) isolated from the same bulk milk sample. The obtained resistance data were matched against the herd owners' information on therapeutic use of the drugs. This confrontation could not explain the findings of strains resistant to ERY or CMP. Our findings are evidence of selection of resistant strains among not only pathogenic agents, but also among indicator bacteria which can become significant carriers of transmissible resistance genes. 相似文献
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Tejedor-Junco MT Afonso-Rodríguez O Martín-Barrasa JL González-Martín M 《Research in veterinary science》2005,78(1):33-38
We have investigated the resistance of Enterococcus isolated from poultry faeces to antibiotics commonly used as therapy of enterococcal infections. Identification was made by the method of Facklam and Collins. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were determined and high level aminoglycoside resistance was investigated. Genes codifying high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) were determined by PCR. Fifty five Enterococcus strains were isolated (63.6% E. faecalis, 12.7% E. mundtii, 9.1% E. faecium, 7.3% E. casseliflavus, 3.7% E. durans and 3.6% E. hirae). None of the strains were resistant to VAN, TEC, P or AM. HLAR was found in 34.5% of strains for SM, 27.3% for KM and 7.3% for GM. The gene for the bifunctional enzyme was found only in one strain, that showed HLAR to GM and KM. Fourteen strains harboured the gene aph(3')-III, being 11 resistant to KM and STR, and three resistant to GM, KM and STR. The remaining six strains showed HLAR to STR, but were negative for the three genes tested by PCR. The gene ant(4'4") was not detected in any of the strains. No unexpected vancomycin resistance was detected. The resistance rates among poultry strains were lower than those found among human strains isolated from hospital patients in recent Canary studies. 相似文献
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为研究我国猪源肠球菌的耐药情况,本研究采集18个省市猪养殖场的粪便样品836份进行了肠球菌的分离鉴定,并通过琼脂稀释法测定11种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度。结果显示:从836份样品中共分离出225株肠球菌,其中屎肠球菌106株,粪肠球菌56株,小肠肠球菌34株,鹑鸡肠球菌17株,铅黄肠球菌7株,坚忍肠球菌4株,Enterococcus thailandicus 1株。所有的肠球菌对被检抗菌药物耐药程度由高到低依次是四环素(98.2%)、阿米卡星(94.7%)、多西环素(89.3%)、米诺环素(88.9%)、氟苯尼考(88.4%)、红霉素(86.2%)、环丙沙星(63.1%)、氨苄西林(33.8%)、氯霉素(29.8%),未检测到万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药菌株。除氨苄西林、万古霉素、利奈唑胺外,粪肠球菌对其余8种被检抗菌药物耐药率均高于屎肠球菌。小肠肠球菌对阿米卡星、红霉素、四环素、多西环素、米诺环素5种抗菌药物的耐药率高于屎肠球菌。肠球菌的多重耐药情况集中在6耐、7耐和8耐,占肠球菌总数的72.9%。本研究表明我国猪源肠球菌对常见抗菌药物耐药率较高,应引起更多关注。 相似文献
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为探究抗菌肽NZ2114对无乳链球菌的体外抑制效果和相关机制,本试验以无乳链球菌ATCC 13813为研究对象,通过最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）、杀菌动力学、抗生素后效应和电镜学试验对抗菌肽NZ2114杀菌特性和杀菌机制进行评价,并进一步分析其对无乳链球菌生物膜和持留菌的抑制和消除作用。结果显示,NZ2114对无乳链球菌ATCC 13813的MIC为0.23 μmol/L,对3株奶牛乳腺炎临床分离菌株CAU-FRI 1、2和3的MIC均为0.11 μmol/L,万古霉素对以上4株受试菌株的MIC值均为0.67 μmol/L,因此NZ2114的抗菌活性是万古霉素的2.91和6.09倍。同时,2×MIC、4×MIC浓度的NZ2114可在0.5 h内杀灭99.9%细菌,且持续药效作用可达270 min。扫描电镜结果显示,NZ2114处理后,细菌表面出现皱缩甚至破裂,细菌产生的生物膜消除。NZ2114在2×MIC下,24 h对早期生物膜抑制率为99.9%;在32×MIC下,24 h对成熟生物膜消除率达99.9%。此外,NZ2114在16×MIC时,对生物膜内的菌体具有99.9%以上的杀灭效果;万古霉素无法清除的持留菌经0.5×MIC的NZ2114处理后,也可以达到99%以上的消除率。激光共聚焦结果显示,NZ2114处理后的生物膜厚度从28.48 μm减少到10.32 μm,证明了其强效杀菌和抑制生物膜的作用。上述结果表明,NZ2114对无乳链球菌ATCC 13813杀菌活性高、速度快、抑制/去除生物膜能力强,并对膜内菌及持留菌具有高效杀菌作用,且作用显著高于万古霉素。因此,NZ2114具有开发成为治疗由无乳链球菌引起的奶牛乳房炎新型制剂的潜力。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the resident intestinal microbiota of cats and to identify significant differences between various cat populations. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Streptococcus canis were isolated as faecal indicator bacteria from rectal swabs of 47 individually owned cats, 47 cattery cats and 18 hospitalised cats, and submitted through antimicrobial sensitivity tests. The results revealed that bacteria isolated from hospitalised and/or cattery cats were more frequently resistant than those from individually owned cats. E. coli isolates from hospitalised cats were particularly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulfonamide. Both enterococci and streptococci showed high resistance to tetracycline and in somewhat lesser extent to erythromycin and tylosin. Most E. faecium isolates were resistant to lincomycin and penicillin. One E. faecalis as well as one E. faecium isolate from hospitalised cats showed 'high-level resistance' (MIC > 500 microg/ml) against gentamicin, a commonly used antimicrobial agent in case of human enterococcal infections. The results of this research demonstrate that the extent of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microbiota of cats depends on the social environment of the investigated population. It is obvious that the flora of healthy cats may act as a reservoir of resistance genes. 相似文献
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Ghidán A Kaszanyitzky EJ Dobay O Nagy K Amyes SG Rozgonyi F 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(1):13-25
The presence of the vanA gene was determined in enterococci from healthy poultry, originating from the Hungarian resistance monitoring system between 2001 and 2004. Enterococci (n = 562) were collected from intestinal samples of slaughtered broiler chickens. The presence of van genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) strains carried only the vanA gene. Genus- and species-level identification of the vanA gene carrier strains was carried out by PCR using specific primers. In 2001, 25 out of the 289 isolated strains (8.6%) were vanA carriers (1 Enterococcus mundtii, 13 E. durans and 11 E.faecium). In 2002 (n = 87), 20 (23%) strains were vanA positive (11 E. durans and 9 E. faecium). In 2003 and 2004, none of the strains (n = 95 and 91, respectively) were positive for the most common van genes. In 2003, there was only one strain for which higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of vancomycin (4 mg/L) and teicoplanin (8 mg/L) were found. In 2004 there were three strains for which the MIC of vancomycin was 8 mg/L, and 2 strains and 1 strain with teicoplanin MICs of 4 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The potential similarity of these strains was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The VRE strains were not closely related to one another. The annual data of vancomycin resistance indicate an association between the recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the use of avoparcin in animal feeds. This study indicates that with the reduced use of antibiotics in food animals, it is possible to decrease the rate of resistant bacteria. Although the use of avoparcin had been banned in 1998, the VRE strains disappeared only five years later. 相似文献
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CHEN Xia ZHAO Xiaofei BAI Xuemei CHE Jie ZHANG Yunfei YUAN Min LI Juan 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(12):4119-4126
In order to study the tolerance of Enterococcus spp.from companion animals to common antibiotics in Beijing,320 samples were collected from dogs and cats in a pet hospital in Beijing from May 2015 to January 2016.The strains were isolated by selective culture medium and identified by VITEK-2 Compact 60.The sensitivity test of 11 kinds of common antibiotics in 8 categories was carried out for the isolated and identified strains.At the same time,the high-level gentamicin and high-level streptomycin resistance test were carried out to analyze the drug resistance and multiple drug resistance of Enterococcus.A total of 318 strains of non repetitive enterococci with different colony morphology and biochemical characteristics were obtained.The isolation rates of Enterococcus faecalis (49.06%) and Enterococcus faecium (29.87%) were higher.The resistance rates of Enterococcus to high-level gentamicin and high-level streptomycin were 39.94% and 43.40%,respectively.The resistance rates to tetracycline (78.62%),erythromycin (67.30%) and quinoproptin dapfoptin (43.71%) were very high.All of them were sensitive to tigecycline,and the non-resistant rate to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin was also high (98.74%).Enterococcus tested showed different degrees of resistance to class 1 to class 7 antibiotics,and the multidrug resistance was common,and the multidrug resistance rate was as high as 57.23%.The number of resistant antibiotics was the highest (n=65).A total of 44 different drug resistance profiles were obtained.Among them,erythromycin-quinoptin-daptoptin-tetracycline-high level aminoglycoside resistant spectrum accounted for the highest proportion (45/318,14.15%).This study confirmed that Enterococcus spp.isolated from companion animals in Beijing was highly resistant to common antibiotics,and multidrug resistance was prevalent.Therefore,it was necessary to strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance. 相似文献
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为研究北京市伴侣动物源肠球菌对常见抗菌药物的耐受情况,于2015年5月至2016年1月以北京市某宠物医院门诊就诊犬、猫作为采样对象,采集犬、猫自然排出的粪便作为样品,共得到样本320份。采用选择性培养基进行菌株分离和VITEK-2型全自动微生物分析仪进行肠球菌的鉴定;对分离鉴定的菌株进行8类11种常见抗菌药物敏感性试验;同时进行高水平庆大霉素和高水平链霉素耐受的检测试验,对受试肠球菌的耐药性和多重耐药性进行分析。共得到菌落形态及生化特性不同的非重复的肠球菌318株,其中粪肠球菌（49.06%）和屎肠球菌（29.87%）分离率较高。受试肠球菌对高水平庆大霉素和高水平链霉素的耐药率分别为39.94%和43.40%,对四环素（78.62%）、红霉素（67.30%）和奎诺普丁-达福普汀耐药率（43.71%）较高,对替加环素全部敏感,对万古霉素和呋喃妥因非耐药率也很高（均为98.74%）。受试肠球菌对1类到7类抗菌药物有不同程度的耐药性,多重耐药现象普遍,多重耐药率高达57.23%。耐受4类抗菌药物的数量最多（n=65株）。经分析共得到44种不同的耐药谱,以耐受4类药物的红霉素-奎诺普丁-达福普汀-四环素-高水平氨基糖苷类耐药谱占比最高（45/318,14.15%）。本研究证实受试的北京市伴侣动物源肠球菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药程度较高,多重耐药情况普遍存在,应加强对其耐药性的监测工作。 相似文献
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为了解福州动物园饲养员和兽医以及普通人群的细菌耐药现状,选用肠球菌为指示菌,采用琼脂平板筛选法（ADSP法）筛选高水平耐庆大霉素肠球菌（HLGRE）;根据美国临床实验室标准化协会（CLSI）推荐的微量肉汤稀释法测定耐药菌株对6种抗菌药物的耐药性;用PCR法对分离出的不同来源的高水平耐氨基糖苷类肠球菌进行菌种的鉴定.从所有37个样本中共筛选出15株HLGRE.其中动物园饲养员及兽医的分离率为62.50％,而普通人群的分离率为23.81％,差异显著.分离到的肠球菌中,以粪肠球菌为主要,根据药敏实验结果显示,不同人群的HLGRE均以红霉素和土霉素的耐药率最高,均达到100％;以氨苄西林和万古霉素的耐药率最低. 相似文献
19.
犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(12):95-97
为确定引起湘西北地区某肉牛养殖场犊牛腹泻发生的致病菌种类并分析其耐药性,采用常规培养、革兰染色镜检和生化试验等方法对致病菌进行分离鉴定,利用药物纸片琼脂扩散法(Kirby-Bauer)对分离菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,引起犊牛腹泻的主要致病菌为大肠杆菌;临床分离的大肠杆菌对头孢哌酮、头孢唑林、米诺环素、头孢曲松4种抗生素敏感;对头孢呋辛和头孢他啶2种抗生素中度敏感;对头孢氨苄、哌拉西林、红霉素、万古霉素、强力霉素、青霉素、氨苄西林、羧苄西林、麦迪霉素、环丙沙星、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、头孢拉定、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、苯唑西林、复方新诺明、诺氟沙星、奥复酸、四环素、多西环素、林可霉素22种抗菌药物产生耐药性。分离出的大肠杆菌对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性,研究结果为养殖场科学诊断和治疗犊牛腹泻提供了有效依据。 相似文献
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本研究旨在初步了解重庆市羊源沙门氏菌的耐药性及耐药基因流行情况。在5个山羊养殖场采集185份山羊粪便样品，经选择性增菌和PCR鉴定分离沙门氏菌，确定了其血清型，测定了分离菌对28种抗菌药物的敏感性，并检测了喹诺酮耐药决定区（QRDR）的耐药突变位点和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因。共分离到羊源沙门氏菌11株，其中10株为德尔卑沙门氏菌。分离的菌株对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟、四环素和培氟沙星耐药严重；9株菌表现为多重耐药，对3~7类药物耐药。所有菌株均存在QRDR耐药突变且携带blaTEM基因；7株菌携带1~5种PMQR基因。本研究分离的羊源沙门氏菌对常用抗菌药物整体耐药较为严重，且广泛存在耐药突变和携带耐药基因。 相似文献