Constructing sustained‐release herbicide formulations based on poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate and natural materials as a degradable matrix     

Evgeniy G Kiselev  Anatoly N Boyandin  Natalia O Zhila  Svetlana V Prudnikova  Anna A Shumilova  Sergey V Baranovskiy  Ekaterina I Shishatskaya  Sabu Thomas  Tatiana G Volova 《Pest management science》2020,76(5):1772-1785

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Water availability affects nectar sugar production and insect visitation of the cup plant Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae)     

Anna Lena Mueller  Christian A. Berger  Siegfried Schittenhelm  Burkhard Stever-Schoo  Jens Dauber 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(5):529-537

The perennial cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered as an alternative feedstock to maize for biogas plants. Due to its ecological advantages of an extensive management and function as food resource for pollinators, it can be grown in Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) since 2018. However, studies at the Julius Kühn-Institute in Braunschweig (Germany) showed that the assumed advantage of the cup plant of a high drought tolerance could not be confirmed regarding aspects of crop production and yield. We complemented this experiment by assessing how different soil moisture conditions affect the production of floral resources and insect visitation. In 2014, we sampled three irrigated and three rainfed plots of the cup plant. We quantified the nectar volume and sugar mass per inflorescence, the number of inflorescences per plant and calculated the total nectar sugar production. We further counted insect visitation on the inflorescences. Due to reduced numbers of inflorescences per plant and an earlier harvest, the estimated nectar sugar production was 58 kg/ha regarding irrigated and 20 kg/ha regarding rainfed plots. Honeybee visitation per inflorescence was about twice as high in the irrigated plots. Furthermore, the early harvest is a disadvantage for wild pollinators with a late activity period.  相似文献   

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management     

Robert M. REES  Juliette MAIRE  Anna FLORENCE  Nicholas COWAN  Ute SKIBA  Tony van der WEERDEN  Xiaotang JU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(1):75-80

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N₂O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.  相似文献   

Honey as the Potential Natural Source of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease     

Baranowska-Wójcik  Ewa  Szwajgier  Dominik  Winiarska-Mieczan  Anna 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):30-32

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized, among others by abnormal levels of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase in...  相似文献   

Hydrology influences breeding time in the white-throated dipper     

Nilsson  Anna L. K.  Skaugen  Thomas  Reitan  Trond  L’Abée-Lund  Jan Henning  Gamelon  Marlène  Jerstad  Kurt  Røstad  Ole Wiggo  Slagsvold  Tore  Stenseth  Nils C.  Vøllestad  L. Asbjørn  Walseng  Bjørn 《BMC ecology》2020,20(1):1-12

While nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values can reflect ecological segregation, prey choice and spatial distribution in seabirds, the interpretation of bulk stable isotope values is frequently hampered by a lack of isotopic baseline data. In this study, we used compound-specific isotope analyses of amino acids (CSIA-AA) to overcome this constraint and to study interspecific differences, seasonal and historical changes in trophic positions of five seabird species, three penguins and two petrels, from a sub-Antarctic seabird community. CSIA-AA allowed comparing trophic positions of seabirds with temperate and polar distributions. Gentoo and Magellanic penguins had the highest trophic positions during the breeding season (3.7 and 3.9), but decreased these (2.9 and 3.3) during the feed-up for moult. Intra-specific differences were also detected in Thin-billed prions, where carbon isotope values clearly separated individuals with polar and temperate distributions, both in the breeding and interbreeding periods. Thin-billed prions that foraged in polar waters had lower trophic positions (3.2) than conspecifics foraging in temperate waters (3.8). We further investigated historical changes by comparing museum samples with samples collected recently. Our pilot study suggests that Rockhopper penguins, Magellanic penguins and Thin-billed prions with temperate non-breeding distributions had retained their trophic levels over a 90–100 year period, while Gentoo penguins and Thin-billed prions with polar non-breeding distributions had decreased trophic levels compared to historical samples. In contrast, Wilson’s storm-petrels had slightly increased trophic levels compared to samples taken in 1924–1930. We applied compound-specific stable isotope analyses across a range of contexts, from intra-specific comparisons between stages of the breeding cycle to inter-specific seabird community analysis that would not have been possible using bulk stable isotope analyses alone due to differences in isotopic baselines.  相似文献   

Toward the Identification of Novel Antimicrobial Agents: One-Pot Synthesis of Lipophilic Conjugates of N-Alkyl d- and l-Iminosugars     

Anna Esposito  Daniele D&#x;Alonzo  Stefano D&#x;Errico  Eliana De Gregorio  Annalisa Guaragna 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

In the effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of iminosugars, we report the synthesis of lipophilic iminosugars 10a–b and 11a–b based on the one-pot conjugation of both enantiomeric forms of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NBDNJ) and N-nonyloxypentyldeoxynojirimycin (NPDNJ) with cholesterol and a succinic acid model linker. The conjugation reaction was tuned using the established PS-TPP/I₂/ImH activating system, which provided the desired compounds in high yields (94–96%) by a one-pot procedure. The substantial increase in the lipophilicity of 10a–b and 11a–b is supposed to improve internalization within the bacterial cell, thereby potentially leading to enhanced antimicrobial properties. However, assays are currently hampered by solubility problems; therefore, alternative administration strategies will need to be devised.  相似文献   

3S技术在中国湿地研究、调查与管理中的应用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

CUI Li-juan Anna van Paddenburg ZHANG Man-yin 《林业研究》2005,16(4):317-322

This paper introduces the state of waterlands in China and discribes the applications of Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographical Information System （G1S） and Global Positioning System （GPS） in wetland research, including land-coverclassification and change detection, wetland evolutionary processes, landscape-change analyses, channel migration, flood and wetlands resource monitoring and spatial quantitative analyses/modeling, ecosystem service evaluation, ecological processes and risk assessments, disease control, water quality monitoring/modeling, pollution monitoring/modeling, wetlands hydrology, wetland information systems and WebGIS. The limitations and needs for optimal use of these technologies are discussed, such as the limited advanced technical knowledge and skills, low awareness and capacity, unclear link between GIS output and policy making, lack of supporting policies and standards, lack of a wetlands geo-information networklimite, and the use of these techniques in wetland research. It is suggested that for realising true applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies, the availability, accessibility, reliability, homogeneity, and continuity of wetlands-related geo-information enabling environment, policies and standards, and funding are needed.  相似文献   

不同磷水平下雷竹幼苗叶绿素荧光特性          下载免费PDF全文

郭安娜  桂仁意  宋瑞生  潘月  戎洁庆 《浙江农林大学学报》2013,30(1):9-14

 为了解不同磷水平下雷竹Phyllostachys violascens幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的变化,试验以无性繁殖的雷竹幼苗作为试验材料,采用砂培试验方法,研究了不同磷水平（0,0.5,5.0,50.0,500.0 mg·L^－1）对雷竹幼苗叶绿素荧光参数和光通量密度?鄄光合电子传递速率（P_AR-E_TR）响应曲线的影响。结果表明,随着磷质量浓度的升高,幼苗叶片潜在光化学活性（F_o /F_m）呈逐渐降低趋势,最大光化学效率（F_v /F_m）在0~50.0 mg·L^－1磷质量浓度范围内逐渐下降。磷质量浓度为5.0 mg·L^－1时,初始荧光（F_o）,最大荧光（F_m）,适时最小荧光（F_t）和可变荧光（F_v）均达到最大值,电子传递速率（E_TR）和光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）实际光化学效率（Y）较大,光化学猝灭系数（q_P）和非光化学猝灭系数（q_N和N_PQ）相对较低,说明在5.0 mg·L^-1磷质量浓度下,雷竹幼苗叶片的光合能力较强,接近适宜雷竹幼苗生长的磷质量浓度。磷质量浓度过高（50.0和500.0 mg·L^-1）均导致雷竹幼苗叶片E_TR下降,热耗散增加,光化学效率和光量子产额降低。图1表3参20  相似文献   

Effects of no‐take area size and age of marine protected areas on fisheries yields: a meta‐analytical approach     

Frederic Vandeperre  Ruth M. Higgins  Julio Sánchez‐Meca  Francesc Maynou  Raquel Goñi  Pablo Martín‐Sosa  Angel Pérez‐Ruzafa  Pedro Afonso  Iacopo Bertocci  Romain Crec’hriou  Giovanni D’Anna  Mark Dimech  Carmelo Dorta  Oscar Esparza  Jesús M. Falcón  Aitor Forcada  Ivan Guala  Laurence Le Direach  Concepción Marcos  Celia Ojeda‐Martínez  Carlo Pipitone  Patrick J. Schembri  Vanessa Stelzenmüller  Ben Stobart  Ricardo S. Santos 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(4):412-426

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are often promoted as tools for biodiversity conservation as well as for fisheries management. Despite increasing evidence of their usefulness, questions remain regarding the optimal design of MPAs, in particular concerning their function as fisheries management tools, for which empirical studies are still lacking. Using 28 data sets from seven MPAs in Southern Europe, we developed a meta‐analytical approach to investigate the effects of protection on adjacent fisheries and asking how these effects are influenced by MPA size and age. Southern European MPAs showed clear effects on the surrounding fisheries, on the ‘catch per unit effort’ (CPUE) of target species, but especially on the CPUE of the marketable catch. These effects depended on the time of protection and on the size of the no‐take area. CPUE of both target species and the marketable catch increased gradually by 2–4% per year over a long time period (at least 30 years). The influence of the size of the no‐take area appeared to be more complex. The catch rates of the entire fishery in and around the MPA were higher when the no‐take areas were smaller. Conversely, catch rates of selected fisheries that were expected to benefit most from protection increased when the no‐take area was larger. Our results emphasize the importance of MPA size on its export functions and suggest that an adequate, often extended, time frame be used for the management and the evaluation of effectiveness of MPAs.  相似文献   

Detection and characterization of a rhabdovirus causing mortality in black bullhead catfish,Ameiurus melas          下载免费PDF全文

Giulia Bedendo  Valentina Panzarin  Andrea Fortin  Gianpiero Zamperin  Tobia Pretto  Alessandra Buratin  Rosita Quartesan  Matteo Sabbion  Cristian Salogni  Francesco Pascoli  Anna Toffan 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(7):1063-1075

This study fully describes a severe disease outbreak occurred in 2016 in black bullhead catfish farmed in Italy. Affected fish showed nervous clinical signs as well as emaciations and haemorrhagic petechiae on the skin at the fin bases, abdomen and gills. Viral isolation in cell culture allowed the subsequent identification of a rhabdovirus, tentatively named ictalurid rhabdovirus (IcRV), through electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The newly isolated virus, together with 14 additional viral strains stored in our repository and detected during similar mortality episodes in the period 1993–2016, was phylogenetically analysed on the basis of the nucleoprotein and the glycoprotein nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The genetic distances among Italian IcRV strains were also estimated. Our results show that all the IcRV strains belong to the genus Sprivivirus and are closely related to the tench rhabdovirus (TenRV). Italian catfish production is constantly decreasing, mainly due to viral infections, which include the newly characterized IcRV. Data presented in this work will assist to investigate the molecular epidemiology and the diffusive dynamics of this virus and to develop adequate surveillance activities.  相似文献