Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Elchebly M  Payette P  Michaliszyn E  Cromlish W  Collins S  Loy AL  Normandin D  Cheng A  Himms-Hagen J  Chan CC  Ramachandran C  Gresser MJ  Tremblay ML  Kennedy BP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5407):1544-1548

Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) has been implicated in the negative regulation of insulin signaling. Disruption of the mouse homolog of the gene encoding PTP-1B yielded healthy mice that, in the fed state, had blood glucose concentrations that were slightly lower and concentrations of circulating insulin that were one-half those of their PTP-1B+/+ littermates. The enhanced insulin sensitivity of the PTP-1B-/- mice was also evident in glucose and insulin tolerance tests. The PTP-1B-/- mice showed increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in liver and muscle tissue after insulin injection in comparison to PTP-1B+/+ mice. On a high-fat diet, the PTP-1B-/- and PTP-1B+/- mice were resistant to weight gain and remained insulin sensitive, whereas the PTP-1B+/+ mice rapidly gained weight and became insulin resistant. These results demonstrate that PTP-1B has a major role in modulating both insulin sensitivity and fuel metabolism, thereby establishing it as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.  相似文献   

Boron-toxicity tolerance in barley arising from efflux transporter amplification   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sutton T  Baumann U  Hayes J  Collins NC  Shi BJ  Schnurbusch T  Hay A  Mayo G  Pallotta M  Tester M  Langridge P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5855):1446-1449

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Evolution of supergene families associated with insecticide resistance   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Ranson H  Claudianos C  Ortelli F  Abgrall C  Hemingway J  Sharakhova MV  Unger MF  Collins FH  Feyereisen R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):179-181

The emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito poses a serious threat to the efficacy of many malaria control programs. We have searched the Anopheles gambiae genome for members of the three major enzyme families- the carboxylesterases, glutathione transferases, and cytochrome P450s-that are primarily responsible for metabolic resistance to insecticides. A comparative genomic analysis with Drosophila melanogaster reveals that a considerable expansion of these supergene families has occurred in the mosquito. Low gene orthology and little chromosomal synteny paradoxically contrast the easily identified orthologous groups of genes presumably seeded by common ancestors. In A. gambiae, the independent expansion of paralogous genes is mainly a consequence of the formation of clusters among locally duplicated genes. These expansions may reflect the functional diversification of supergene families consistent with major differences in the life history and ecology of these organisms. These data provide a basis for identifying the resistance-associated enzymes within these families. This will enable the resistance status of mosquitoes, flies, and possibly other holometabolous insects to be monitored. The analyses also provide the means for identifying previously unknown molecules involved in fundamental biological processes such as development.  相似文献   

Ecology. Ecology for a crowded planet     

Palmer M  Bernhardt E  Chornesky E  Collins S  Dobson A  Duke C  Gold B  Jacobson R  Kingsland S  Kranz R  Mappin M  Martinez ML  Micheli F  Morse J  Pace M  Pascual M  Palumbi S  Reichman OJ  Simons A  Townsend A  Turner M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5675):1251-1252

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NIH Molecular Libraries Initiative     

Austin CP  Brady LS  Insel TR  Collins FS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5699):1138-1139

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Ethics. Identifiability in genomic research     

Lowrance WW  Collins FS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5838):600-602

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Molecular biology. Signal processing in single cells     

Isaacs FJ  Blake WJ  Collins JJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5717):1886-1888

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New burgess shale fossil sites reveal middle cambrian faunal complex     

Collins D  Briggs D  Morris SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4620):163-167

Soft-bodied and lightly sclerotized Burgess shale fossils have been found at more than a dozen new localities in an area extending for 20 kilometers along the front of the Cathedral Escarpment in the Middle Cambrian Stephen Formation of the Canadian Rockies. Five different fossil assemblages from four stratigraphic levels have been recognized. These assemblages represent distinct penecontemporaneous marine communities that together make up a normal fore-reef faunal complex.  相似文献   

A neutralizing antibody selected from plasma cells that binds to group 1 and group 2 influenza A hemagglutinins   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Corti D  Voss J  Gamblin SJ  Codoni G  Macagno A  Jarrossay D  Vachieri SG  Pinna D  Minola A  Vanzetta F  Silacci C  Fernandez-Rodriguez BM  Agatic G  Bianchi S  Giacchetto-Sasselli I  Calder L  Sallusto F  Collins P  Haire LF  Temperton N  Langedijk JP  Skehel JJ  Lanzavecchia A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6044):850-856

The isolation of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses has been a long-sought goal for therapeutic approaches and vaccine design. Using a single-cell culture method for screening large numbers of human plasma cells, we isolated a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that recognized the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of all 16 subtypes and neutralized both group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses. Passive transfer of this antibody conferred protection to mice and ferrets. Complexes with HAs from the group 1 H1 and the group 2 H3 subtypes analyzed by x-ray crystallography showed that the antibody bound to a conserved epitope in the F subdomain. This antibody may be used for passive protection and to inform vaccine design because of its broad specificity and neutralization potency.  相似文献   

A CASE OF DUPLICATE GENES IN CREPIS CAPILLARIS (L.) WALIR     

Babcock EB  Collins JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1922,56(1449):392

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