Prior infection with antigenically heterologous low pathogenic avian influenza viruses interferes with the lethality of the H5 highly pathogenic strain in domestic ducks     

Kosuke SODA  Maya YAMANE  Chiharu HIDAKA  Kozue MIURA  Trang T. H. UNG  Hang L. K. NGUYEN  Hiroshi ITO  Mai Q. LE  Toshihiro ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1899

Low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs and HPAIVs, respectively) have been co-circulating in poultry populations in Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries. In our avian-flu surveillance in Vietnamese domestic ducks, viral genes of LPAIV and HPAIV have been frequently detected in the same individual. To assess the influence of LPAIV on the pathogenicity of H5 HPAIV in domestic ducks, an experimental co-infection study was performed. One-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally and orally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) or 10⁶ EID₅₀ of LPAIVs (A/duck/Vietnam/LBM678/2014 (H6N6) or A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM694/2014 (H9N2)). Seven days later, these ducks were inoculated with HPAIV (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM808/2015 (H5N6)) in the same manner. The respective survival rates were 100% and 50% in ducks pre-infected with LBM694 or LBM678 strains and both higher than the survival of the control group (25%). The virus titers in oral/cloacal swabs of each LPAIV pre-inoculation group were significantly lower at 3–5 days post-HPAIV inoculation. Notably, almost no virus was detected in swabs from surviving individuals of the LBM678 pre-inoculation group. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the viruses was not observed in the neutralization test. These results suggest that pre-infection with LPAIV attenuates the pathogenicity of HPAIV in domestic ducks, which might be explained by innate and/or cell-mediated immunity induced by the initial infection with LPAIV.  相似文献   

Mode of Action of the Novel Rice Blast Fungicide KTU 3616     

Y. Kurahashi  the late T. Hattori  S. Kagabu  R. Pontzen 《Pest management science》1996,47(2):199-200

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The Anglesey lakes,Wales, UK—A conservation resource     

C. A. DUIGAN  T. E. H. ALLOTT  H. BENNION  J. LANCASTER  D. T. MONTEITH  S. T. PATRICK  J. RATCLIFFE  J. M. SEDA 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1996,6(1):31-55

1. The environment of the island of Anglesey, North Wales, UK, is described and related to the ecology of the lake systems present. 2. Estimates are given of the number and types of lakes present on the island. Sixteen biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) have standing water as a recognized habitat feature and their reasons for receiving a conservation designation are discussed. 3. Brief reviews are given of the lacustrine flora, invertebrates, fish and aquatic bird populations of Anglesey and their importance in assessing the conservation value of a site. 4. These reviews are followed by detailed accounts of the current ecology of three of the island's lake systems—Llyn Coron, Llyn Dinam and Llyn Penrhyn—which occur within biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Original data are presented on their physical and chemical characteristics, diatom assemblages, macrophyte communities, littoral and open water zooplankton communities and macroinvertebrate assemblages. 5. Artificial enrichment, the introduction of alien species, the legacy of metal mining operations and recreational pressures are identified as the main threats to lake conservation on Anglesey. 6. The Anglesey Wetland Strategy, an informal operational level liaison procedure, is described. Using this mechanism, broad targets and indicative strategies are highlighted by the partner organizations active in wetland conservation on the island, and opportunities for collaboration are developed.  相似文献   

Potential chemical time bombs in the schelde estuary     

G. T. M. Van Eck  N. M. De Rooij 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1993,4(4):317-332

The Schelde estuary is heavily polluted with many different (micro)pollutants. This results in high concentrations in the abiotic and biotic compartments of the Schelde estuary and in various effects. the present day suboxic and anoxic conditions in the upper estuary are probably responsible for the high distribution coefficients for some trace metals in the lower Schelde estuary (Western Schelde). a future reduction in discharges with a high biological oxygen demand will therefore not only result in higher oxygen concentrations, but probably also in lower distribution coefficients for trace metals in the Western Schelde. Simulations show that lower trace metal distribution coefficients will probably result in higher concentrations of dissolved (bioavailable) trace metals, even with substantially reduced discharge rates, due to the desorption of trace metals from resuspended bottom sediments.  相似文献   

Effects of Cocoa-Derived Polyphenols on Cognitive Function in Humans. Systematic Review and Analysis of Methodological Aspects     

Barrera-Reyes  Paloma K  de Lara  Josué Cortés-Fernández  González-Soto  Melissa  Tejero  M Elizabeth 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):1-11

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The effects of cocoa-derived polyphenols on cognitive functions have been analyzed through numerous studies using different interventions (doses, vehicles, time...  相似文献   

Replacing Wheat Flour with Debittered and Fermented Lupin: Effects on Bread’s Physical and Nutritional Features     

Villacrés  Elena  Cueva  Paúl  Díaz  Milene  Rosell  Cristina M. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):569-575

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - In this study the breadmaking potential of lupin flour from L. mutabilis after being debittered (DLF) and solid state fermented (FLF) was evaluated in lupin-wheat...  相似文献   

Effects of Fermentation Conditions Using Lactobacillus plantarum on the Charantin,Stigmasterol Glucoside and β-sitosterol Glucoside Contents of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Juice     

Nguyen  Trang T. T.  Nguyen  Ha V. H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):656-658

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Bitter gourd fruits contain high amounts of charantin, stigmasterol glucoside and β-sitosterol glucoside, which have been shown to provide health benefits for...  相似文献   

Exogenous Salicylic Acid Improves Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Table Grapes     

Blanch  Gracia Patricia  Gómez-Jiménez  Maria C.  del Castillo  Maria Luisa Ruiz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):177-183

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Grapes contain high contents of phenolics, which are known to possess health promoting properties. Exogenous application of phytoregulators, mainly methyl...  相似文献   

Profile and Content of Residual Alkaloids in Ten Ecotypes of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet after Aqueous Debittering Process     

Cortés-Avendaño  Paola  Tarvainen  Marko  Suomela  Jukka-Pekka  Glorio-Paulet  Patricia  Yang  Baoru  Repo-Carrasco-Valencia  Ritva 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):184-191

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The evaluation of the level of alkaloids in edible Lupinus species is crucial from a food safety point of view. Debittering of lupin seeds has a long history;...  相似文献   

Biological Activities of Chickpea in Human Health (Cicer arietinum L.). A Review     

Faridy  Juárez-Chairez Milagros  Stephanie  Cid-Gallegos María  Gabriela  Meza-Márquez Ofelia  Cristian  Jiménez-Martínez 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):142-153

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Chickpea is one of the most consumed legumes worldwide. Among their benefits are the high protein concentration that reflects not only at the nutritional level but...  相似文献