大西洋牙鲆冷冻精子×褐牙鲆卵杂交胚胎的发育及胚后发育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田永胜 《水产学报》2006,30(4):433-443

利用大西洋牙鲆冷冻精子与褐牙鲆卵授精，培育出了生长健康的杂交鱼苗。并对杂交后代的胚胎发育、胚后发育和不同温度下的生长特征进行了研究。利用OLIMPUS显微镜连续观察和描述了冷冻精子受精杂交胚胎的发育，在水温15～17.1 ℃，其受精卵经过卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、胚孔封闭、肌节胚、尾芽胚、心跳胚、出膜胚等时期的发育，经历65 h 57 min完成胚胎发育进入胚后发育，发现胚胎搐动15 min后心脏开始跳动。利用OLIMPUS解剖镜每天观察和记录一次鱼苗的生长形态，并测定其体全长；将杂交鱼苗的胚后发育划分为卵黄囊吸收期（出膜后1～6 d）、变态前期（出膜后7～25 d）、变态期（出膜后25～30 d）和变态后生长期（出膜30 d以后）4个时期。对16～17 ℃、18～19 ℃、20 ℃和22～23 ℃4个温度环境下胚胎发育的研究结果显示，杂交胚胎宜于在16～20 ℃的水温下发育，鱼苗在22～24 ℃孵化出膜后2～3 d大量死亡。对18～19 ℃、20 ℃、22 ℃、和24 ℃ 4个温度下稚鱼的生长研究结果显示，变态期稚鱼在22～24 ℃水温下饲养时变态和生长速度较18～19 ℃快。  相似文献   

Plasma membrane of trout spermatozoa: I. Isolation and partial characterization     

C. Labbé  M. Loir 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1991,9(4):325-338

The plasma membrane from spermatozoa of rainbow trout was isolated by four techniques: sonication, hypotonic shock, mechanical homogenization after freeze-thawing, and nitrogen cavitation, in combination with continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. Nitrogen cavitation (900 PSI, 20 min equilibration at 4°C) was the most effective technique.Following nitrogen cavitation, four bands were recovered in the sucrose gradient at densities 1.03, 1.05, 1.09 and 1.15 g/ml. Electron microscopy revealed membrane vesicles of various sizes in bands 1 to 3, while enzyme analysis revealed a 3.9 to 5.5-fold enrichment in 5'-nucleotidase and little contamination by lactate dehydrogenase (cytosol) and succinic dehydrogenase (mitochondria). Lipid analysis of bands 1 and 2 indicated a 6 to 7-fold enrichment in cholesterol and a cholesterol: phospholipid ratio of 0.59–0.70. Seven classes of phospholipids were present in bands 1–3 with no significant differences observed among bands. These data indicate that the vesicles (in bands 1 and 2) obtained after nitrogen cavitation are primarily plasma membranes. Membranes in band 3 appear to be slightly contaminated with nuclear membranes.Most of the plasma membrane proteins were acidic to neutral. The 2 main membrane proteins were 42 and 30 Kilodaltons.  相似文献   

离子浓度和一氧化氮供体对池塘养殖鳗鲡精子活力的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

谢骏 《水产学报》2003,27(4):386-390

鳗鲡是世界性的优质养殖鱼类,20世纪80年代以来养鳗业迅速发展,已成为水产产业化程度最高的养殖品种之一,但养殖所需的苗种完全靠天然捕捞。早在1934年Boucher等[1]就用孕妇尿促使雄性欧洲鳗(A.anguilla)精巢成熟,Yamamoto和Yamauch于1974年对日本鳗鲡进行人工催熟获得精子[2],但多年来鳗鲡精子质量和数量一直在波动(数量JOURNALOFFISHERIESOFCHINA　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.27,No.4　为0.1～0.4g,运动精子为20%～50%)[3,4],因此,如何稳定和提高精子的质量和数量的研究是非常必要的。绝大多数鱼类的受精过程是在体外条件下进…  相似文献   

人工养殖西伯利亚鲟精子超低温冷冻保存研究   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：7  

刘鹏  庄平  章龙珍  王斌  闫文罡 《海洋渔业》2007,29(2):120-127

研究了人工养殖西伯利亚鲟精子的生物学特征及超低温冷冻保存方法。西伯利亚鲟的产精量为113.67±39.86 ml,精子密度为(6.49±3.10)×108/ml,精子活力为(85.4±9.5)%,精子寿命为353±23 s。精子密度与精子快速运动时间、精子寿命之间均存在线性相关,用方程分别表示为:y=1.0384x+1.5089(R2=0.7325);y=2.9069x+74.289(R2=0.6967)。结果表明精子密度可作为一项精子质量评价的标准。通过比较西伯利亚鲟精子在不同稀释液、不同抗冻剂和抗冻剂浓度、降温速率、解冻温度下的保存效果,结果表明:配方2作为稀释液,18%甲醇作为抗冻剂,二步法超低温(-196℃)冷冻保存精子,40℃水浴解冻取得最好的冻后活力,解冻后活力为(51.8±5.8)%。西伯利亚鲟授精的最佳精卵比为106∶1。在此精卵比下用冻精授精分别得到了(72.3±3)%的受精率和(52.9±4.1)%的孵化率,其中受精率与鲜精没有显著性差异,孵化率与鲜精有显著差异(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

Artificial induction of maturation and fertilization in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

H. Ohta  H. Kagawa  H. Tanaka  K. Okuzawa  N. Iinuma  K. Hirose 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):163-169

Repeated injections of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg per fish per week) induced vitellogenesis in feminized, cultivated Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica). Oocytes were attained at the migratory nucleus stage after 11 or 12 injections. Addition of 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) into the incubation medium induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes at the migratory nucleus stage. An injection of DHP (2 µg g^-1 BW), given 24h after an injection of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg fish^-1), succeeded in inducing maturation and ovulation in females which contained occytes at the migratory nucleus stage. Most fish ovulated 15–18h following the DHP injection. Eggs that were ovulated within 15h after the DHP injection showed high fertility and hatchability, but eggs ovulated 18 or 21h after the DHP injection, showed considerably lower fertility and hatchability. A delay between ovulation and stripping of the eggs rapidly decreased both the fertility and hatchability within 6–9h after ovulation, indicating that artificial fertilization must be carried out immediately after ovulation. Repeated injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at a concentration of 1 IU g^-1 BW week^-1 induced spermatogenesis, spermiation, and the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in cultivated males. Most males spermiated after the fifth or sixth injection of hCG, and the milt weight gradually increased and remained constant (1–2 g) from the 11th to 31th injection. Sperm motility peaked 24h after each weekly injection, and decreased from the 3^rd day after the injection. Potassium ions are an essential constituent for the maintenance of motility in the eel spermatozoa. Artificial seminal plasma containing 15.2 mM KCl is applicable as a milt diluent. Using these techniques developed for female and male eels, we have succeeded in obtaining many fertilized eggs from cultivated eels.  相似文献   

Ionic composition and osmolality of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Acipenseriformes) seminal fluid     

Otomar Linhart  Steve D. Mims  Boris Gomelsky  Ana E. Hiott  William L. Shelton  Jacky Cosson  Marek Rodina  David Gela  Jan Bastl 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(4):357-368

Changes in ionic composition as Na⁺,K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, osmolality inseminal fluid, percentage of motile spermatozoaand velocity were investigated in response toCPP and different dosage of LHRHa. The lowestvelocity of sperm was observed after use CPPtreatment. The velocity of spermatozoa,significant main effect of the treatment(P < 0.0001) and the time of sperm collection(P < 0.0104) were evaluated. The osmolality ofseminal fluid was different betweenexperimental groups of LHRHa (48.0–62.7mOsmol.kg^–1) and CPP (33.0–46.3mOsmol.kg^–1) treatments. The osmolalitywas significantly higher on the first day andone-half, then declined on day three, rangingfrom 33.0 to 62.7 mOsmol.kg^–1. Analysisof variance showed significant main effects ofthe treatment (P < 0.0001) and the time ofsperm collection (P < 0.0002) on the osmolalityof seminal fluid. The level of Na⁺ andK⁺ ion was different between experimentalgroups of LHRHa and CPP treatment. The highestconcentration of 11.11 mmol.l^–1 wasobserved at Na⁺ ion. Then theconcentrations declined on the level 1.56, 0.52and 0.36 mmol.l^–1 for K⁺, Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺ ions, respectively. There werehighly positive correlations between osmolalityof seminal fluid and dosage of LHRHa treatment(r = 0.84), velocity of spermatozoa andosmolality of seminal fluid (r = 0.57) andosmolality of seminal fluid and Na⁺concentration at seminal fluid (r = 0.70).Injection with LHRHa increased quality of spermas velocity of sperm, level of Na⁺,K⁺ and osmolality at seminal fluidcompared to CPP treatments.  相似文献   

Long-term cryopreservation of spermatophore of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)     

Khattiya Akarasanon  Praneet Damrongphol  & Wandee Poolsanguan 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(15):1415-1420

Long‐term cryopreservation of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, spermatophores using glycerol (Gly) and ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotective agents (CPAs) was studied. The tolerance of sperm to cryopreservation was evaluated on the basis of sperm survival and fertilizing ability. The survival of the sperm was determined by trypan blue staining, while the fertilizing ability was assessed from artificial insemination of the cryopreserved spermatophores. The rates of embryo survival on day 5 after spawning and of spermatophores capable of producing embryos survived to hatching were determined. Storage of spermatophores at ?20°C without CPA for a short period of up of 1–5 days decreased the sperm survival significantly and did not preserve fertilizing ability. Preservation at ?20°C in the presence of 10% or 20% Gly or of 10% or 20% EG offered a simple and efficient short‐term storage up to 10 days. For a long‐term storage, cryopreservation in the presence of 20% EG at ?196°C was more efficient than at ?20°C. High sperm survival rates and high fertilizing ability were recorded from those cryopreserved at ?196°C for up to 150 days. High sperm survival rates with moderate levels of fertilizing ability were obtained from those cryopreserved at ?20°C for not more than 30 days. The results indicate that preservation at ?196°C with 20% EG is a suitable procedure for long‐term storage of the giant freshwater prawn spermatophores.  相似文献   

Role of sodium bicarbonate on the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Satoru  TANAKA  Tomoko  UTOH  Yoshiaki  YAMADA  Noriyuki  HORIE  Akihiro  OKAMURA  Atsushi  AKAZAWA  Naomi  MIKAWA  Hideo P  OKA  Hisashi  KUROKURA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):780-787

ABSTRACT:   In order to find out the role of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica , interactions were investigated between NaHCO₃ and various reagents (K⁺ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine [4-AP], ammonium chloride [NH₄Cl], sodium acetate and calcium chloride [CaCl₂]) that could regulate internal factors (intracellular K⁺, intracellular pH [[pH]_i] and intracellular Ca²⁺) in sperm motility. Contradictory effects of NaHCO₃ were observed (i.e. an inhibitory effect when 4-AP was absent and a promoting effect when 4-AP was present). Sodium bicarbonate inhibited the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel. However, NaHCO₃ restored the motility of immotile sperm that 4-AP inhibited. The inhibitory effect of NaHCO₃ disappeared with the addition of NH₄Cl, which raised [pH]_i, but the promoting effect was not affected by [pH]_i. Although NaHCO₃ recovered motility in the presence of 4-AP, this recovery was also observed with the addition of CaCl₂ instead of NaHCO₃. In the initiation of sperm motility in the Japanese eel, two roles for NaHCO₃ are suggested: an inhibitory role relating to the regulation of [pH]_i and a promoting role relating to the uptake of another initiation factor, which could be Ca²⁺.  相似文献   

Short-term storage and cryopreservation of Urechis unicinctus (Echiura: Urechidae) sperm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kyoung Ho Kang  Ming Yu Shao  Kang Hee Kho  & Zhi Feng Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(13):1195-1201

In the present study, attempts were made to preserve Urechis unicinctus sperm at 4°C. Cryopreservation procedures were optimized for various cryoprotectants and freezing rates, equilibration times and dilution ratios. During short‐term storage, the motility of undiluted sperm was extended for 6 days of cold storage,and in 70% and 100% artificial seawater only persisted for 2 and 4 days respectively. The survival rate of undiluted sperm was maintained at a high level accordingly. After cryopreservation, the highest motility and survival rate (41.5±2.2%) were obtained in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (Me₂SO) using a freezing rate of 30°C min^?1. After thawing the sperm cryopreserved in glycerol lost almost all motility. The motility and survival rate of post‐thawing sperm did not show significant differences after 8 and 15 min equilibration using 15% Me₂SO as cryoprotectant; the values were significantly higher than those of 2 min equilibration. Comparisons of motility and survival rate between treatments pooled by dilution ratio showed that the effect of 1:1 ratio (sperm volume to cryoprotectant volume) was best. There was no difference between 1:3 and 1:5, and other ratioswere significantly worse.  相似文献   

牛精液冷冻保护剂研究进展     

贾永宏  朱庆超  杨海涛  武致存  高璞  李梅  胡建宏 《家畜生态》2014,(1):5-8

牛的人工授精技术是目前应用最为广泛的动物繁殖技术之一,对牛的遗传改良做出了巨大贡献。但是,在冷冻一解冻过程中仍然有大约40％～50％的精子失去活性,限制良种公牛种用性能的发挥。论文在分析精子冷冻保存原理的基础上,阐述了渗透性、非渗透性冷冻保护剂以及低密度脂蛋白对牛精子的冷冻保护作用,以期为开发新型冷冻保护剂的研究提供一定参考,进一步提升牛冷冻精液的质量。  相似文献