Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers     

Ana Clara B Menezes  Kacie L McCarthy  Cierrah J Kassetas  Friederike Baumgaertner  James D Kirsch  Sheri Dorsam  Tammi L Neville  Alison K Ward  Pawel P Borowicz  Lawrence P Reynolds  Kevin K Sedivec  J Chris Forcherio  Ronald Scott  Joel S Caton  Carl R Dahlen 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(2)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of VTM supplement (VTM or NoVTM) and rate of gain (GAIN; low gain [LG], 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain [MG], 0.79 kg/d). The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer⁻¹•d⁻¹, provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM in Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19014, 2016) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). To complete the factorial arrangement of treatments, at breeding heifers were either maintained on the basal diet (LG), or received MG diet which was implemented by adding a protein/energy supplement to the LG diet. Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and maternal serum, ALF, and AMF were collected. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of neutral AA: Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val; cationic AA: Arg, His, and Lys; and anionic AA: Asp and Glu. In serum, a VTM × GAIN interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-LG than VTM-MG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for MG than LG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × GAIN interaction, where VTM-MG was greater (P < 0.01) than all other treatments. Further, ALF from VTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA; whereas GAIN affected concentrations of Arg, Cys, and Asp, with greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) in MG heifers. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, GAIN, or their interaction. In conclusion, increased concentrations of AA in maternal serum and ALF of beef heifers were observed at d 83 of gestation in response to VTM supplementation and rate of gain of 0.79 kg/d, which raises important questions regarding the mechanisms responsible for AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.  相似文献   

The effects of maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation on the location and abundance of hexose and cationic amino acid transporters in beef heifer uteroplacental tissues     

Matthew S Crouse  Kyle J McLean  Josephine Dwamena  Tammi L Neville  Ana Clara B Menezes  Alison K Ward  Lawrence P Reynolds  Carl R Dahlen  Bryan W Neville  Pawel P Borowicz  Joel S Caton 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(1)

We hypothesized that maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation would influence the abundance of hexose transporters, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC2A5, and cationic amino acid transporters, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2, in heifer uteroplacental tissues. Angus-cross heifers (n = 43) were estrus synchronized, bred via artificial insemination, and assigned at breeding to 1 of 2 dietary intake groups (CON = 100% of requirements to achieve 0.45 kg/d of BW gain or RES = 60% of CON intake) and ovariohysterectomized on day 16, 34, or 50 of gestation (n = 6 to 9/d) in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Uterine cross-sections were collected from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained via immunofluorescence for transporters. For each image, areas of fetal membrane (FM; chorioallantois), luminal epithelium (ENDO), superficial glands (SG), deep glands (DG), and myometrium (MYO) were analyzed separately for relative intensity of fluorescence as an indicator of transporter abundance. Analysis of FM was only conducted for days 34 and 50. No transporters in target areas were influenced by a day × treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.06). In ENDO, all transporters were differentially abundant from days 16 to 50 of gestation (P ≤ 0.04), and SLC7A2 was greater (P = 0.05) for RES vs. CON. In SG, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) at day 34 vs. day 16. In DG, SLC2A3 and SLC7A1 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. RES heifers; furthermore, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) at day 50 vs. days 16 and 34 of gestation. In MYO, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES and was greater (P = 0.02) at days 34 and 50 vs. day 16. There were no differences in FM (P ≥ 0.06). Analysis of all uterine tissues at day 16 determined that SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC7A2 were all differentially abundant across uterine tissue type (P < 0.01), and SLC7A1 was greater (P = 0.02) for CON vs. RES. Analysis of all uteroplacental tissues at days 34 and 50 demonstrated that all transporters differed (P < 0.01) across uteroplacental tissues, and SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES. These data are interpreted to imply that transporters are differentially affected by day of gestation, and that hexose and cationic amino acid transporters are differentially abundant across utero-placental tissue types, and that SLC7A1 is responsive to maternal nutritional treatment.  相似文献   

施用有机肥对当归药材性状、产量及抗病性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖婉君  郭凤霞  陈垣  刘兰兰  陈永中  焦旭升  张碧全  白刚  金建琴 《草业学报》2021,30(3):189-199

为了探寻有机肥对当归成药栽培的影响,采用黑膜覆盖栽培,基施纯有机肥（O,2000 kg·hm^-2）、纯化肥（C,磷酸二铵,420 kg·hm^-2）、减半量化肥增施有机肥［1/2（O+C）］,以不施肥为对照（CK）,栽培期测定早期抽薹率、发病率、药材产量和性状指标。结果表明,纯有机肥栽培当归早期抽薹率为8.0%,分别较CK、1/2（O+C）和C降低19.4%、15.2%和7.1%。药材产量则相反,O、C和1/2（O+C）栽培当归药材产量相当,鲜产量分别较CK提高105.9%、84.6%和78.2%。纯有机肥栽培当归根最长,侧根最多,单根最重,药材产量最高。化肥对根的增粗作用最大,但含水量高,根病率高,发病重。不同施肥每hm²鲜药材产量与综合评价指数大小顺序一致,依次为O（9220.6 kg,0.926）>C（9038.5 kg,0.610）>1/2（O+C）（8728.4 kg,0.481）>CK（4897.4 kg,0.190）。每hm²干药材产量排序为O（3149.2 kg）>1/2（O+C）（3098.7 kg）>C（2909.2 kg）>CK（1707.0 kg）,与经济收益一致。在岷县道地产区黑膜覆盖栽培,纯施有机肥对当归药材具有显著增效作用,可有效降低早薹率、根病率和发病程度,改善药材性状,提高药材产量和质量,在当归标准化栽培中可推广应用,以改变当归依赖化肥的生产现状,促进绿色有机栽培。  相似文献   

早期营养干预对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃微生物区系发育的影响     

张剑搏  丁考仁青  梁泽毅  Ahmad Anum-ali  杜梅  郑娟善  丁学智 《草业学报》2021,30(2):199-211

正常稳定的瘤胃微生物区系是反刍动物瘤胃健康的重要指标,且在瘤胃结构形态发育、微生物定植模式、免疫功能调节及抵御外源致病因子侵袭等方面发挥着重要积极作用。最近研究表明,新生反刍动物瘤胃微生物组成相对单一,但随着早期瘤胃发育过程中不同微生物群落相继开始定植并占据不同的生态位,此时的营养干预可能会形成特定的微生物群落组合并产生持久影响,这为进一步提高反刍动物生产性能和健康水平提供了更好的长期策略。本研究主要从3个方面详细综述了早期营养干预对瘤胃微生态系统发育的最新研究成果,包括探索幼龄反刍动物瘤胃形态及功能发育、寻找影响早期瘤胃微生物群落定植的因素及最佳调控“窗口期”的选择,并对宿主与微生物群落间的免疫互作进行简要剖析,以期为通过早期营养干预调控瘤胃微生物区系,提高反刍动物生产性能来应对全球畜牧业挑战,并为提高秸秆纤维利用率及抑制甲烷排放提供理论依据。  相似文献   

黄粉虫、小麦胚芽对初产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和抗氧化机能的影响     

郑紫薇  赵国先  马可为  冯志华  郝艳霜  刘艳慈  刘观忠  许利军 《中国家禽》2021,(1):43-49

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加黄粉虫、小麦胚芽对初产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄和血清抗氧化指标的影响。选用20周龄产蛋率基本一致且健康的京红蛋鸡560只,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡;采用双因子试验设计,3个黄粉虫水平(0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)×2个小麦胚芽水平(1%、2%)。试验期为8周,其中预试期1周,正试期7周。结果显示:①黄粉虫和小麦胚芽对初产蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色以及血清和蛋黄总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量存在显著交互作用(P<0.05)。②在饲粮中添加黄粉虫对产蛋率、日采食量和料蛋比没有产生影响(P>0.05);对蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色无影响(P>0.05),但能显著提高蛋壳强度(P<0.05);显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、降低血清和蛋黄MDA含量(P<0.05),对蛋黄和血清的谷胱甘肽过氧物酶(GSH-Px)活力、T-AOC活力无显著影响(P>0.05)。③在饲粮中添加小麦胚芽对生产性能、蛋品质以及血清和蛋黄的抗氧化指标均无影响(P>0.05)。综合分析,黄粉虫和小麦胚芽协同提高初产蛋鸡的蛋品质和抗氧化能力,其中以同时添加2.0%黄粉虫和1.0%小麦胚芽的效果较好。  相似文献   

湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后瘤胃发酵与微生物区系的变化     

刘鹏  李勇  张成新  蔡小芳  李彩联  郭艳丽 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,(1)

本试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发酵与微生物区系变化,为幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育变化理论以及羔羊的早期培育等提供依据。选择初生重接近的湖羊公羔(3.81 kg±0.55 kg)16只,1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄断奶。分别于断奶前(21日龄)、后(42日龄)各选择5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,测定瘤胃发酵、酶活和微生物区系。结果表明,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶活性均极显著高于断奶前(P<0.01)。断奶后瘤胃菌群多样性和丰富度均低于断奶前(P<0.05)。断奶前后的优势菌门均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中,拟杆菌门为第一优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占61.96%和65.36%,厚壁菌门为第二优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占32.08%和24.03%;两菌门之和在断奶前后分别占瘤胃总菌门的94.04%和89.39%。断奶前后的优势菌属均为unidentified_Prevotellaceae,分别占21.85%和38.49%。断奶前后羔羊瘤胃微生物的功能没有显著变化,都主要集中在复制和修复、碳水化合物代谢和翻译等途径。以上结果说明,羔羊早期断奶后的瘤胃发酵和酶活增强,菌群多样性和丰富度有所降低,在早期断奶前后的优势菌群和功能相似。  相似文献   

马早期流产相关功能基因挖掘的研究     

吴海青  刘威  马跃军  苏少锋  萨初拉  付绍印  高文渊  李玉荣 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(1):1-7

旨在探究与马早期流产相关的功能基因。在同一舍饲马群体中筛选配种后45 d能够检查到胚胎,但2~4个月后发生流产的母马10匹（流产组）,以及能正常分娩的母马10匹（分娩组）。采集马匹血液样本,提取基因组DNA。全基因组平均测序深度为10×,基因组覆盖度97%以上,每个样本大约测得4×10⁶个SNP。对流产组和分娩组的全基因组重测序数据进行比较。结果表明：通过Fst分析获得1 381个SNP位点,π分析获得1 614个SNP位点,联合分析得到203个SNP位点;过滤掉突变基因间区域、非编码区域、内含子和同义SNV后得到82个SNP位点,定位于69个基因上;通过GO term、信号通路富集分析以及文献查阅,筛选出其中的12个基因为马早期流产和胚胎着床的重要候选基因,这些候选基因通过参与激素调节、胚胎侵入、维生素合成代谢等影响胚胎着床。研究结果为揭示引起马匹早期流产的原因提供了生物信息学方面的参考。  相似文献   

应用压力早期恢复资料确定低渗地层压力   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

魏芳 《长江大学学报》2007,4(3):42-43,52

低渗透油藏的压力恢复曲线,不能用Horner外推压力求取地层压力。基于Horner方程的等轴双曲线形式,提出了应用压力早期恢复资料确定低渗地层压力的新方法。通过油井实际资料计算验证,用该方法计算的地层压力准确可靠,较好地解决了低渗透油藏求地层压力的问题。  相似文献   

早期限饲对肉鸡肌肉生长及生产性能的长期影响     

许雪萍  杨晓静  倪迎冬  夏东  李晓  赵茹茜 《畜牧与兽医》2007,39(5):1-4

本研究旨在比较不同生长阶段隔日限饲(早期限饲:1~14日龄限饲,后期限饲:50~63日龄限饲)对肉鸡肌肉生长及相关激素水平的影响,并探讨早期限饲对肉鸡肌肉生长的程序化作用。试验结果:1)早期限饲组整个试验阶段体重均极显著低于对照组,后期限饲组限饲一周后体重显著低于对照组并于63日龄实现完全补偿生长;2)早期限饲组14日龄和63日龄胸肌、腓肠肌重均显著低于对照组;后期限饲组63日龄胸肌、腓肠肌重均显著低于对照组,且二者与早期限饲组均差异不显著;3)早期限饲显著降低了14日龄肉鸡肌肉中DNA、RNA和蛋白含量,63日龄恢复至正常水平,且核酸、蛋白水平在胸肌和腓肠肌内的趋势表现不一致;4)早期限饲组14日龄血清中T3、T4水平均显著低于对照组,63日龄血清T3水平仍显著低于对照组;后期限饲组63日龄血清T3水平显著低于对照组,T4水平与对照组差异不显著。结果表明:1)限饲可显著阻碍肉鸡肌肉的生长;2)不同部位的肌肉对限饲的敏感度不同;3)早期营养因子对肉鸡肌肉的生长具有"程序化"作用,甲状腺激素可能参与这些过程的调节。  相似文献   

Application of Multivariate Statistics in Early-warning of Corporation Financial Crisis     

LI Jie~  WANG Wei-jia~  LIU Xing-zhi~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(5):118-123

This paper is focused on early warning of corporation financial crisis for the China's household electric appliance manufacturers in stock market. Firstly, using company's open-disclosed annual statements as data resource, the financial indexes system is constructed. Secondary, adopting the multivariable statistical analysis method, such as cluster, discriminate and principle component analysis, the multivariate models for the empirical study on early warning of financial crisis by making use of SPSS statistical software are set up. The corporation might discover the financial affairs crisis that shall probably arise beforehand by using the financial affairs crisis early warning system. This study and analysis may serve as reference for domestic industries and enterprises.  相似文献